七选五（解析版）

七选五典例分析典例分析典例一（2023·新高考卷I）PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.1Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”2Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.3Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.4Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.5We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D．It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】1．D2．B3．F4．C5．G【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。1．根据空前内容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“dothis”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。2．根据空前内容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。3．根据上文内容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。4．根据空后内容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。5．根据空前内容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。典例二（2023·新高考卷II）Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.6You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.7·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.8Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·9Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.10Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.A．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E．You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G．You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【答案】6．C7．G8．A9．D10．E【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。6．根据前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。7．分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。8．分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。9．分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。10．分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。（建议用时：7分钟/篇）1.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Whenyou’reputonthespot,itcanfeellikeasink-or-swimsituation,whichcanbetense,stressfulandpressurizing,especiallywhenyoudeliverapublicspeaking.1AdjustyouruseoflanguageWhenwefeelourselvestobeonastage,wesometimesusewordsthatarecold,formal,andpassive.Wedothisbecausewe’reanxiousandseektoestablishauthority.Let’ssayyou’readoctor,andyou’restandinginfrontofagroupofyourpeers.Youmightfindyourselfmakingstatementslike,“Itissignificantthatdoctorshelpsolvethisproblem.”2Whenyousay,“Wemustsolvethisproblem,”youarespeakingmoresimplyandpersuasively.Theword“we”ismoreeasygoing.Whenyouuselanguagelikethis,yougetclosertoactuallysolvingtheproblemsimplybydirectlypointingoutthatitisallofyourstosolve.PosemorequestionsQuestionsaretwo-wayinteractions.3Nolongerareyoualone“onstage”infrontofyouraudience—you’reengaginginadialogue.Evenwhenyou’remakingastatement,youcanthinkofitasananswertoanunaskedquestion.Thatinitselfcangivetheencounteraconversationalfeelandlowerthepressureyoumightexperience.Thetechniquemakesthepresentationsmoreconnectedandconversational,allowingyoutofeelmorerelaxed.Justaskquestionstheaudiencemighthaveandansweringthem.Bewareofthememorisationtrap4Butmemorisationalsocancomebacktohauntus.Givingourcommunicationthefeelofaformal,over-rehearsedpresentation,itcanmakeusnervousaswestruggletorememberagreatdealthatwe’dthoughtofinadvanceoftheactualconversation.Insteadofrushingtomemorise,trywritingoutwhatyou’dliketosayandthenturningthatintoashort,bullet-pointedoutline.Doingsoallowsyoutothinkthroughthematerialindetailwhilegivingyouabriefstructurethat’seasiertokeepinmind.5A．Youwillbecomemoreconnectedwithyourpeers.B．Writingdownwhatwemightwanttosaycanhelp.C．Youandothersaroundyouenterintoaback-and-forth.D．Herearethreewaysthatyoucanimproveyourdelivery.E．Conversationsaremorecasualandfamiliarthanperformances.F．Languagelikethiscreatesdistancebetweenyourselfandothers.G．Usingthatstructure,youcanmoreconfidentlyfillinthegapsasyougo.【答案】1．D2．F3．C4．B5．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了发表公开演讲时，克服紧张和压力的方法。1．根据上句“Whenyou’reputonthespot,itcanfeellikeasink-or-swimsituation,whichcanbetense,stressfulandpressurizing,especiallywhenyoudeliverapublicspeaking.(当你被在现场时，感觉就像一个进退两难的局面，这可能会很紧张，压力很大，尤其是当你发表公开演讲的时候)”可知，设空处应为克服这种问题的方法，D项：Herearethreewaysthatyoucanimproveyourdelivery.(这里有三种方法可以改善你的演讲)承上启下，并和下文的建议相呼应。故选D。2．根据上句“Youmightfindyourselfmakingstatementslike,“Itissignificantthatdoctorshelpsolvethisproblem.(你可能会发现自己在说：医生帮助解决这个问题很重要。)”以及后句“Whenyousay,“Wemustsolvethisproblem,”youarespeakingmoresimplyandpersuasively.(当你说“我们必须解决这个问题”时，你说得更简单、更有说服力。)”设空处承上启下，承接上句那样说话所产生的后果以及后句如何进行调整。F项：Languagelikethiscreatesdistancebetweenyourselfandothers.(这样的语言会让你和别人之间产生距离。)合乎题意。故选F。3．根据上句“Questionsaretwo-wayinteractions.(问题是双向的互动。)”可知，设空处会解释双向的互动的作用。C项：Youandothersaroundyouenterintoaback-and-forth.(你和你周围的人进入一个来回的交流)合乎题意。故选C。4．根据后句“Butmemorisationalsocancomebacktohauntus.(但死记硬背也会反过来困扰我们。)”由but表转折可知，设空处应为死记硬背的好处B项：Writingdownwhatwemightwanttosaycanhelp.(写下我们可能想说的话会有所帮助)说明其好处，合乎题意。故选B。5．根据上句“Insteadofrushingtomemorise,trywritingoutwhatyou’dliketosayandthenturningthatintoashort,bullet-pointedoutlin,Doingsoallowsyoutothinkthroughthematerialindetailwhilegivingyouabriefstructurethat’seasiertokeepinmind(不要急于记忆，试着把你想说的话写出来，然后把它变成一个简短的、有重点的提纲，这样做可以让你详细地思考材料，同时给你一个更容易记住的简短结构)”设空处承接上句，说明这样做的结果G项：Usingthatstructure,youcanmoreconfidentlyfillinthegapsasyougo.(使用这种结构，你可以更自信地填补空白)合乎题意。故选G。2.（2023·山东济南·山东师范大学附中校考模拟预测）ThepowerofpositivethinkingIsyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?6Dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism—andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.Thegoodnewsisthateverybodycanlearntothinkmorepositively.7Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimistic(expectthattheworstwillhappen)mayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Worryingislikeafirealarm.Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.“8It’slikeafirealarm,”sayschildpsychotherapistRachelMelville-Thomas.“Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn’tahugedangertoface.”Whenthishappens,youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.Learntothinkpositively.Optimismisshapedbyyourgeneswhichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparentsandbywhathappenstoyou.9Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive-forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.10A．Yourgeneswillinturnhelpobtainit.B．Thisquestionmakesyoulostinthought.C．Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?D．Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit.E．Worryingisourbrainwarningusofsomethingthreatening.F．However,whateveryourstartingpointis,everyonecanlearnit.G．Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation.【答案】6．G7．C8．E9．F10．D【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。6．根据前文“Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?(你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的?)”以及后文“Dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?(他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子)?)”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释，前句是做什么用的，所以G项“Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，其中Thissaying指代前文那句话。故选G项。7．分析设空，可知是本段的小标题，是对本段的概括，根据下文“Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimistic(expectthattheworstwillhappen)mayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.(研究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认为最坏的事情会发生)可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所以C项“Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?(为什么积极思考对你有好处?)”符合文意。故选C项。8．根据前文“Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worryingislikeafirealarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知E项“Worryingisourbrainwarningusofsomethingthreatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复现。故选E项。9．根据前文“Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及后文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一个等级)”可知，F项“However,whateveryourstartingpointis,everyonecanlearnit.(然而，无论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选F项。10．分析设空，谓语段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以根据前文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive-forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果是有帮助的——比如，你弹吉他的画面，通过了下一个等级)”可知，前文讲述想象积极的结果是有帮助的，所以D项“Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit.(想象这个可以激励你致力于去实现它)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。3.（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）Longbeforemetalovenracks(架子)wereinvented,manypeoplewouldplacethethingsthattheywantedtobakeontostonestokeepthemfromburninginovensorevendirectlyonheat.11However,thereareactuallymanyapplicationsforitsuseinbaking.Typicalbakingstonescanbemadeofvariousmaterials,andtendtobeeitherroundorrectangularinshape.Theclaystoneispopular,butsomepeoplelikemarble.Somehaveashinysurfaceandothersdon’thave.12Somepeoplesuggestthatheadingtothelocalkitchensupplystoretopurchaseabakingstoneisawasteoftimeandinsteadtheypurchasetiles(瓦片)fromkitchenorgardeningstores.13Theymaycontainhighamountsofleadandcookswouldneedtotestthemforthepresenceofleadbeforeusingthemtocook.14Bakingstonesabsorbandkeepheatverywell,sowhenyouputthemintheovenandallowtheoventorunforawhile,thestonesheatup.Theytransferheatdirectlytothebottomofyourbreadorothergoods,asthegoodscanbeplaceddirectlyonthestonesotheyneverstartoutonacoldsurface.Thisallowsbreadtobakemoreevenlyallover,resultinginamuchnicercrust(酥皮)—particularlyforartisanbread.Therearemanybenefitsofusingabakingstonetocookpizzaorbread.15Foranother,thestoneisalsopraisedforitsabilitytoevenlyheatthecrustandlessenchancesthatpizzaorotherbreadwillburn.A．Thewaythatbakingstonesworkissimple.B．Bakingstonescanbefoundinallshapesandsizes.C．Foronething,ittendstoproducemoredesirablequalities.D．Thatmakesthemuniquelyusefulformanycookingcreations.E．Today,thebakingstoneisassociatedmostwithcookingpizza.F．Soyoucanchoosefromagreatvarietyofstonesonthemarket.G．However,mostoftheseproductsarenotratedforsafetyincooking.【答案】11．E12．F13．G14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了烘培石做披萨和面包的好处以及它在烘焙中有很多其它的应用。11．上文“Longbeforemetalovenracks(架子)wereinvented,manypeoplewouldplacethethingsthattheywantedtobakeontostonestokeepthemfromburninginovensorevendirectlyonheat.”（早在金属烤架发明之前，许多人就会把他们想烤的东西放在石头上，以防止它们在烤箱中烧焦，甚至直接加热。）引出话题，提到人们把想烤的东西放在石头上。下文“However,thereareactuallymanyapplicationsforitsuseinbaking.”（然而，实际上它在烘焙中有很多应用。）说明在烘焙中有很多应用。结合选项E项Today,thebakingstoneisassociatedmostwithcookingpizza.（今天，烘焙石与制作披萨联系最为紧密。）起到上下文的承上启下作用，下文是对上文的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。12．根据上文“Theclaystoneispopular,butsomepeoplelikemarble.Somehaveashinysurfaceandothersdon’thave.”（粘土石很受欢迎，但有些人喜欢大理石。有些有闪亮的表面，有些则没有。）可知，说明不同的选择。结合选项F项Soyoucanchoosefromagreatvarietyofstonesonthemarket.（所以你可以从市场上各种各样的石头中选择。）可知，和上文内容相关，形成因果关系，为上文内容的语意递进。故选F项。13．根据下文“Theymaycontainhighamountsofleadandcookswouldneedtotestthemforthepresenceofleadbeforeusingthemtocook.”（他们可能含有大量的铅，厨师在用它们做饭之前需要测试它们是否含有铅。）说明不安全的原因。可推知，上文为关于安全的内容。结合选项G项However,mostoftheseproductsarenotratedforsafetyincooking.（然而，这些产品中的大多数都没有被评为烹饪安全。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。14．根据下文“Bakingstonesabsorbandkeepheatverywell,sowhenyouputthemintheovenandallowtheoventorunforawhile,thestonesheatup.”（烘烤的石头吸收和保持热量非常好，所以当你把它们放在烤箱里，让烤箱运行一会儿，石头就会变热。）说明烘烤的石头的方法。结合选项A项Thewaythatbakingstonesworkissimple.（烘烤石头的方法很简单。）和下文内容意思一致，为总结下文内容。故选A项。15．上文“Therearemanybenefitsofusingabakingstonetocookpizzaorbread.”（用烤石做披萨或面包有很多好处。）说明烤石做披萨的好处。下文“Foranother,thestoneisalsopraisedforitsabilitytoevenlyheatthecrustandlessenchancesthatpizzaorotherbreadwillburn.”（另一方面，这种石头也因为它能均匀地加热面包皮和减少披萨或其他面包烧焦的机会而受到称赞。）说明烤石做披萨好处的原因之一。故可推断空格处内容为另外一种做披萨好处的原因。结合选项C项Foronething,ittendstoproducemoredesirablequalities.（首先，它往往会产生更理想的品质。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。4.（2023·广东广州·统考二模）Whatmakesaworkofarchitecturegreat?Mostpeoplewouldarguethataesthetics(美感)arethemostimportant.16However,RomanarchitectMarcusVitruviusPolliobelievedthatweshouldalsoconsiderdurabilityandfunctionwhenassessingastructure.TheRostonvilleLibraryinmycityisagreatexampleofVitruvius’sprinciples.Constructedentirelyofgranite—ahardandtoughstone,thelibraryisdurable.Itcanwithstandenvironmentalpollution.Forexample,itisresistanttoacidrain.Moreover,itsgranitestructureisstablesoit’smorelikelytosurviveanearthquake.17Itusessolarenergyforheatingandarooftopgardenforcooling.18Providingfreeaccesstoprintanddigitalinformation,itconveysafeelingofopennessandaccessibility.Furthermore,theentirelibraryisononelevel,andithasanopendesign—therearenoinnerwallsordividers.Inaddition,largewindowsletinplentyofnaturallight,soit’seasytoseeandgettoeachdepartmentwithinthelibrary.Finally,thelibraryisbeautiful,withaestheticallypleasingdetailsbothinsideandout.Thelargewindowsarecopper-framed(铜框的).Thecoppercolorprovidesaninterestingcontrastagainstthecolorofthegranitestructureanditwillremainasthecopperages.Growthfromtherooftopgarden,whichreachesdownthesidesofthebuilding,addstotheaestheticsofthebuilding.19Durability,functionalityandbeautymaketheRostonvilleLibraryagreatstructure.ArchitectswhofollowVitruvius’sprincipleshelptomakethecitymorepleasanttolivein.20A．Thelibraryisalsosustainable.B．Itistruethatbeautyiscritical.C．Thisisnottheonlyconcernofthearchitects.D．Thelibrarywasdesignedwithfunctionalityinmind.E．Itsoftensthelinesofthestructureandhelpsittofitintoitsnaturalsurroundings.F．Plus，thelibrarywasbuiltontheedgeofthecitypark，surroundedbynativeplants.G．Buildingsthatfulfillthesecriteriaofferbothpeaceofmindandbeautyfortheirusers.【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．E20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伟大建筑作品除了具有美感以外，还要有耐久性和功能性。16．上文“Mostpeoplewouldarguethataesthetics(美感)arethemostimportant.(大多数人会认为美感是最重要的。)”说明美感的重要性。选项B“的确，美是至关重要的”承接上文，是对上文的肯定。同时引出下文“However,RomanarchitectMarcusVitruviusPolliobelievedthatweshouldalsoconsiderdurabilityandfunctionwhenassessingastructure.(然而，罗马建筑师MarcusVitruviusPollio认为，在评估结构时，我们还应该考虑耐久性和功能。)”，与之构成转折关系。选项B起到承上启下的作用，故选B项。17．下文“Itusessolarenergyforheatingandarooftopgardenforcooling.(它使用太阳能供暖，屋顶花园制冷。)”介绍图书馆使用可持续能源的具体做法。选项A“图书馆也是可持续的”引出下文，说明图书馆使用的能源是可持续的。下文中It指选项中Thelibrary，语义一致，故选A项。18．下文“Providingfreeaccesstoprintanddigitalinformation,itconveysafeelingofopennessandaccessibility.Furthermore,theentirelibraryisononelevel,andithasanopendesign—therearenoinnerwallsordividers.Inaddition,largewindowsletinplentyofnaturallight,soit’seasytoseeandgettoeachdepartmentwithinthelibrary.(提供免费的印刷和数字信息，它传达了一种开放和无障碍的感觉。此外，整个图书馆都在同一层，它有一个开放的设计——没有内墙或隔板。此外，大窗户让充足的自然光进入，所以很容易看到和到达图书馆的每个部门。)”具体解释了图书馆的设计,充分考虑到了其功能，选项D“图书馆的设计考虑到了功能”概括本段大意。故选D项。19．上文“Growthfromtherooftopgarden,whichreachesdownthesidesofthebuilding,addstotheaestheticsofthebuilding.(从屋顶花园一直延伸到建筑的两侧，增加了建筑的美感。)”说明屋顶花园增加了建筑和自然环境的联系，选项E“它软化了结构的线条，有助于它融入自然环境”承接上文，说明它的设计融入自然环境。故选E项。20．上文“Durability,functionalityandbeautymaketheRostonvilleLibraryagreatstructure.ArchitectswhofollowVitruvius’sprincipleshelptomakethecitymorepleasanttolivein.(耐用性、功能性和美观性使罗斯顿维尔图书馆成为一个伟大的建筑。遵循Vitruvius原则的建筑师帮助这座城市变得更加宜居。)”介绍伟大的建筑的标准，选项G“满足这些标准的建筑为用户提供了内心的平静和美丽”承接上文，进一步说明满足这些标准带来的内在美。故选G项。5.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）Whetheritisthefluoranyoftheothercold-likevirusesrisinginwinter,itseemsthatstuffynosesandsorethroatsarecommonsymptoms.Youmayhavenoticed,however,thatyourcoldseemstogetbetterorworsedependingonthetimeofday.21Then,theypartiallyclearupthroughouttheday,onlytogetworseoncemoreasyougettobed.Whydoesthishappen?Currently,theleadingideaisthatsymptomseverityislinkedtoourcircadianrhythm(昼夜节律).Thecircadianrhythmisveryimportantfordailycellularprocessesandcanbeaffectedbytheamountofsleepandlightwegeteachday.22Whileresting,thebodyusesthedowntimetorecover.23Thisalsoapplieswhenyouareill—thebodyfloodsthebloodwithwhitebloodcellscalledleukocytes,resultinginandimmuneresponseagainstdiseasesandtheimmunesystemfightinginfection.This,therefore,explainswhyourcoldsymptomsgetworseaswesettledownforanight’ssleep.Cellsinfectedbyvirusesareattractedtothelocalareaandkilled,causingsorenessintheaffectedtissues,andmucus(鼻涕)floodsthenosetojointhefight.24Youwakeupfeelinglikedeathduetothebattlehappeningwithin.25Thefirstissimplygravity.Whenyouliedown,yourmucusbuildsupinthenose,causingpressureandheadaches.Asyoustandup,youstarttofeelbetter.Anotherfactorisabouthormones.Hormonalimbalancescanbecausedbylackofsleepatnightandcouldinfluenceimmunefunction,leadingtoacycleofsleeplessnightsandthenfeelingworse.A．Othersarereportingthesamething.B．It’sagoodthing,butitreallydoesn’tfeellikeit.C．Gravityhelpsoutalotmorewhenyouareupright.D．Mostcommonly,youwakeupwithworsesymptoms.E．Thereareotherreasonswhyyoumightfeelworseatnight.F．Thisiswhysleepissoimportantafteryou’vebeentothegym.G．Italsoplaysacriticalroleincontrollingtheheartandtheimmunesystem.【答案】21．D22．G23．F24．B25．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析的是流感及类似感冒症状随着一天中的不同时间而好转或恶化的原因。21．根据空前的“Youmayhavenoticed,however,thatyourcoldseemstogetbetterorworsedependingonthetimeofday.(然而，你可能已经注意到，你的感冒似乎随着一天中的不同时间而好转或恶化。)”可知，感冒的症状在一天的不同时间而好转或恶化，结合空后的“Then,theypartiallyclearupthroughouttheday,onlytogetworseoncemoreasyougettobed.(然后，它们在一天中会部分消失，但在你上床睡觉时又会变得更糟。)”可知，此处讲述的是，在一天中症状部分消失，但到晚上情况又会变得更糟，由此可推断，此空处应描述的是感冒症状糟糕，D选项“Mostcommonly,youwakeupwithworsesymptoms.(最常见的是，你醒来时症状更严重。)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的进一步分析，刚醒来时，感冒症状糟糕，与空后的症状部分消失衔接，其中的then为解题的关系信息。故选D项22．根据空前的“Thecircadianrhythmisveryimportantfordailycellularprocessesandcanbeaffectedbytheamountofsleepandlightwegeteachday.(昼夜节律对日常细胞过程非常重要，并且会受到我们每天睡眠和光照的影响。)”可知，此处讲述的是昼夜节律的对日常细胞的影响以及昼夜节律受到睡眠和光照的影响，G选项“Italsoplaysacriticalroleincontrollingtheheartandtheimmunesystem.(它在控制心脏和免疫系统方面也起着关键作用。)”讲述的是它对控制心脏和免疫系统方面也起着重要的作用，其中的it指代空前的Thecircadianrhythm，且空前的“veryimportant”与G选项中的“alsoplaysacriticalrolein”相呼应。故选G项。23．根据本段的主题句“Whileresting,thebodyusesthedowntimetorecover.(休息时，身体利用休息时间来恢复。)”可知，此处讲述的是休息对身体恢复的作用，结合空后的“Thisalsoapplieswhenyouareill—thebodyfloods