2026高中英语重点短语归纳总结(高考复习必背)

2026高中英语重点短语归纳总结(高考复习必背)Chapter1动词短语：高考完形与语法填空的“隐形杀手”1.1高频“v.+up”家族giveup后接名词或动名词，注意被动语态：Theplanwasgivenupbythecommittee.takeup区分“占据（时间、空间）”与“开始从事”：Thepianotakesuptoomuchspace;shetookuptheviolinlastyear.turnup在听力中常表“出现”，在阅读中可替换emerge：NocluesturnedupuntilChapter10.comeupwith后接idea/plan/solution，写作可替换invent：Thescholarcameupwithanovelhypothesis.bringup被动语态加介词in：Hewasbroughtupinabilingualhousehold.pickup熟词生义“学会、感染、接收信号”：ShepickedupsomeSpanishmerelybywatchingsoapoperas.1.2高频“v.+out”家族ruleout在科普文中表“排除可能性”：Thisfindingdoesnotruleoutthealternativetheory.carryout后接experiment/survey，被动必须保留out：Theinvestigationwascarriedoutbyathirdparty.figureout后接wh-从句：Ittookscientistsdecadestofigureoutwhywhalesstrandthemselves.runout无被动，主语为“物”：Timeisrunningout.若用被动需改写成beusedup.pointout可接that从句，用于议论文引用：Criticspointoutthatthepolicyoverlooksruralresidents.1.3高频“v.+into”家族lookinto替换investigate，用于书面报告：Theboardpromisedtolookintothedataleak.burstinto后接名词性短语，表“突然爆发”：Theaudienceburstintowildapplause.bumpinto在记叙文中制造“偶遇”情节：Ibumpedintomyformercoachattheairport.talksb.into后接动名词，表“说服”：Shetalkedherfatherintodonatinghiscollectiontothemuseum.1.4高频“v.+over”家族takeover主语可为“公司、AI、新政权”：AIisexpectedtotakeoverrepetitivetasks.thinkover后接it或名词，位置可分开：Thinkitoverbeforeyouinvest.goover表“仔细检查”或“复习”：Gooveryouressayforcohesivedevices.turnover在环保阅读中表“翻转、移交”：Farmersareaskedtoturnoverthesoiltwiceayear.Chapter2介词短语：阅读七选五的“定位锚”2.1表“因果”的介词短语asaconsequenceof后接名词，位于句首或句末，注意逗号：Asaconsequenceofurbansprawl,thewetlandsshrankby40%.byvirtueof含“凭借”之义，正式写作加分：Byvirtueofherbilingualskills,shemediatedthedispute.onaccountof与becauseof可互换，但onaccountof更书面：Thematchwascancelledonaccountofthegale.2.2表“让步”的介词短语inspiteof后接名词或动名词，写作可替换despite：Inspiteofcuttingcosts,thefirmwentbankrupt.regardlessof强调“不考虑”，后接factthat从句：Regardlessofthefactthatthedrugisexpensive,patientsdemandit.2.3表“对比”的介词短语incontrastto后接名词，可放句首：Incontrasttohispredecessor,thenewCEOdelegatespower.asopposedto口语化减弱，书面性强：Thestudyfocusesonintrinsic,asopposedtoextrinsic,motivation.2.4表“方式”的介词短语bymeansof后接工具或方法：BymeansofCRISPR,researcherseradicatedthemutation.atthecostof含贬义，写作批判段可用：Heachievedfameatthecostofprivacy.Chapter3固定搭配：短文改错“钉子户”3.1名词+介词accessto不可数，无复数：Citizensdemandaccesstorawdata.solutionto而非of：Thesolutiontocongestionliesindynamicpricing.damageto不可数，谓语动词单数：Thedamagetocoralreefsisirreversible.3.2形容词+介词beimmuneto后接疾病或批评：Nooneisimmunetocognitivebias.beparallelto地理、几何、抽象类比均可：HistheoryisparalleltoDarwin’sinsignificance.beskepticalof后接名词或动名词：Scientistsareskepticalofclaimslackingpeerreview.3.3动词+名词（不可数）makeprogress无冠词：Theregionhasmadetangibleprogressinliteracy.takemeasures后接todo：Theauthoritytookstringentmeasurestocurbemissions.placeemphasison被动：Emphasisshouldbeplacedoncriticalthinking.Chapter4写作升级短语：从“平庸”到“惊艳”4.1替代very的强势形容词beofvitalimportance替换veryimportant：Educationisofvitalimportancetosustainablegrowth.beofgreatconcern替换veryworrying：Plasticresidueininfantsisofgreatconcern.beofrelevanceto替换veryrelevant：Thisfindingisofrelevancetoclimatemodeling.4.2逻辑衔接“三连击”ononehand…ontheotherhand…中间用分号：Ononehand,AIboostsefficiency;ontheotherhand,ittriggersjobdisplacement.whatismore后加逗号，表递进：Whatismore,thepolicyignitedinnovationnationwide.bythesametoken表“同理”：Bythesametoken,overfishingwilldepletemarinebiodiversity.4.3数据描述“黄金句”accountfor主语为“部分”，宾语为“整体：Electricvehiclesaccountfor28%ofnewsales.witness表“某年/某地见证”：Thedecadewitnesseda50%surgeinrenewablecapacity.amountto后接具体数字或抽象“等于”：Thelossamountsto3%ofGDP.Chapter5完形高频“情感动词”短语5.1表“安慰”patsb.ontheshoulder中间代词必须放在动词后：Shepattedhimontheshoulderandwhispered,“Youtried.”easeone’sanxiety不可数名词：Musiceasedhisanxietybeforetheoperation.5.2表“愧疚”beovercomewithguilt表状态：Hewasovercomewithguiltforleakingthesecret.makeamendstosb.forsth.：Shemadeamendstoherteamfortheoversight.5.3表“渴望”yearnfor文学性强：Refugeesyearnforstability.bedesperatetodo表“极度渴望”：Thevillagersaredesperatetoaccesscleanwater.Chapter6语法填空“一词多性”短语6.1含breakbreakout无被动：Afirebrokeoutinthewarehouse.breakdown表“失败、分解”：Talksbrokedown;plasticsbreakdownintomicro-particles.breakthrough名词形式breakthrough：Scientistsmadeabreakthroughinfusion.6.2含countcounton后接人：Youcancountonherimpartiality.countfor表“有价值”：Marksalonecountforlittlewithoutcreativity.countdown后接to：Thecityiscountingdowntotheexpo.6.3含handhanddown表“传承”：Folklorewashandeddownorally.handover后接权力或物品：Thecaptainwasforcedtohandovercommand.onhand表“在场、可用”：Medicalstaffwereonhandduringthemarathon.Chapter7阅读“同义替换”短语库7.1表“开始”givebirthto≈trigger≈spark≈herald：Theinventionheraldedanewera.setinmotion≈launch：Thetreatysetinmotionacarbon-tradingsystem.7.2表“结束”cometoanend≈drawtoaclose：Thedynastycametoanendafterthreecenturies.phaseout≈abolishgradually：Thecountrywillphaseoutcoalby2035.7.3表“依赖”behingedon≈dependon：Successishingedoncollectiveeffort.relyheavilyon≈beheavilyrelianton：Theeconomyreliesheavilyontourism.Chapter8写作“观点交锋”模板短语8.1引出对立观点Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…,yetdissentingvoicesemerge,arguingthat…Whileproponentshail…as…,opponentscondemnitas…8.2让步后反驳Admittedly,…;however,thisalonecannotjustify…Granted,…;evenso,…8.3结论强化Therefore,theballisinourcourtto…Onlybydoingsocanweensurethat…Chapter9易错“假朋友”短语9.1形近义异consistof无被动：Thepanelconsistsofexperts.bemadeupof可被动：Thepanelismadeupofparewith强调“找不同”：Comparetheclonewiththepareto强调“比喻”：Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.9.2介词错位bemarriedto而非with：Sheismarriedtoajournalist.beengagedto而非with：Heisengagedtohiscollegesweetheart.beaccustomedto后接名或动名词：Sheisaccustomedtojoggingatdawn.9.3及物与不及物belongto无被动：Theantiquebelongstothemuseum.participatein无宾语直接跟随：Theyparticipatedintherally.attend及物，不加to：Sheattendedtheseminar.Chapter10真题回炉：短语在句式中的“变形记”10.12025全国甲卷语法填空原句原句：Theancienttechnique,datingbacktothe12thcentury,hasbeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration,butitsaestheticvaluewasonlyrecognizedinthe1980s.考点：datebackto无被动；handdown用完成被动；recognize用过去被动。10.22025新高考Ⅰ卷完形片段片段：Iwasabouttogiveupwhenasoftvoicebehindmesaid,“Youmightwanttoloosenthescrewabit.”Thatsingletipturnedthetedioustaskintoa30-secondjob.短语：beabouttodo…when…；giveup；turn…into…；介词into不可替换为in。10.32025北京卷书面表达范文摘选范文：Byvirtueofcollaborativeonlineplatforms,studentsfromremoteareascanaccessresourcespreviouslyavailableonlyinmetropolises.Whatismore,virtuallabsenablethemtocarryoutexperimentsoncedeemedimpossible,thusplacingemphasisonequityratherthanprivilege.短语：byvirtueof；accessto；carryout；placeemphasison。10.4即时训练将下列中文译成英文，要求使用本章短语：1.在人工智能时代，我们不能忽视情感教育的重要性。2.尽管面临激烈竞争，这家初创公司依然脱颖而出。3