2025-2026学年河南省南阳市某中学高三上学期期中测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南阳市某中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中测试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASharedmobility:MakingtraveleasierforallInmanybigcitiesinEuropeandtheUS,itmightseemlikewe’veachievedcheapandeasymobilityforeveryone—justuseyourphonetofindsharede-bikesandelectriccars.Butifyou’reelderly,livinginalow-incomeareaorimaginewithoutasmartphoneorcreditcard,usingthesesharedservicesbecomesmuchmoredifficult.Hereisasurveyreportingbarrierstousingbikesharing.Sharedmobilitycouldbeakeypartofamoresustainabletransportationsystem.Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.For-profitsharedmobilityprovidershavelargelyfailedtodeliveronthis,butvariousinitiativesandprojectsarefindingcreativesolutionstoreachunderservedcommunities.Public-SectorInterventionGovernmentssupportsharedmobilityoptionsforlow-incomegroups,expandingaccesswhilereducingprivatevehicleuse.Programsprioritizecashpaymentoptionstoincludemorepopulations.Non-ProfitInnovationOrganizationsrepurposeabandonedresources(e.g.,Uber’sdesertede-bikes)intocommunity-driveninitiativeslikeE-BikeLibraries,offeringfreebikes,training,andsocialridestounderservedareas.TechnologyAdaptationServicesavoiddigitalexclusionbykeepingphone/emailbookingsystemsalongsideapps.Simplifiedoperationslowerbarriersforusers.Community-CentricDesignProgramspartnerwithtrustedlocalhubs(libraries)andfocusondailyneeds(groceryruns,familyvisits),developingsocialinclusionforelderlygroups.GenderandFamilyFairnessCarsharingservicesaddchildseats,women-friendlyfeatures(e.g.,cleanliness,safety),andaffordablepricingtoaddressgapsinusage.Bycombiningeconomicsupport,grassrootsinnovation,andempatheticdesign,theseeffortsaimtomakemobilityavailabletoeveryone,reducerelianceonprivatevehicles,andensurefairaccessforall.“Youtendtoplanforwhatyouknow.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttobringindifferentviewsinthedevelopmentofmobility.”saysLinaMosshammer,founderandCEOoftheAustrianmobilityconsultingcompanyPoint&.1.Whatpercentageoflowerincomepeopleexpressconcernonsafetyinthesurvey?A.24%. B.27%. C.42%. D.88%.2.Whichsolutioninvolvestheideaofrecyclingusedbikes?A.Public-SectorIntervention. B.Community-CentricDesign.C.TechnologyAdaptation. D.Non-ProfitInnovation.3.WhatdoesMosshammerstresstoaddressthechallenge?A.Increasingurbanmobility. B.Offeringaffordablealternatives.C.Integratingdiverseviewpoints. D.Consultingwiththeusersbeforehand.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要围绕共享出行展开，介绍了其存在的使用障碍以及可采取的多种解决办法。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Barrier3:Concernthatridingabikewouldexposethemtorisks(障碍3：担心骑自行车会使他们面临风险)”对应的图表可知，低收入人群中表达安全担忧的比例是27%。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Non-ProfitInnovation部分“Organizationsrepurposeabandonedresources(e.g.,Uber’sdesertede-bikes)intocommunity-driveninitiativeslikeE-BikeLibraries,offeringfreebikes,training,andsocialridestounderservedareas.(组织把废弃资源（例如，优步废弃的电动自行车）重新利用为社区驱动的项目，如电子自行车图书馆，为服务不足的地区提供免费自行车、培训和社交骑行)”可知，非营利创新涉及回收利用旧自行车的理念。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Youtendtoplanforwhatyouknow.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttobringindifferentviewsinthedevelopmentofmobility.(你往往会根据你所知道的来做计划。这就是为什么在出行方式的发展中引入不同的观点是如此重要)”可知，莫斯哈默强调要整合不同的观点来应对挑战。故选C项。BAlexismyregularhiking,ice-climbing,andmountain-bikingpartner.Wewereonaone-nighttrip,andwhathebroughtfordinnerwasjustrice.Literallynothingelse.Thiswasnotbecausehewastryingtopackaslightaspossible,norwasitbecausehewasbroke.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastaddsomesoysauce(酱油)toit.Butno,Alexwasn’thavinganyofit.“Idon’tneedit,”hesaidsimply.Now,ifhewastalkingonlyaboutoutdoors’meals,Ialmostunderstoodthereason.Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains,howawesomedothingstaste!Justasthesayinggoes,hungeristhebestsauce.AndIagree.Absolutely.Butthere’smoretoitthanthat.Lastmonth,Iwentdownthecoastcarcampingwithmyfamily.Onemorning,mywifemadeastatement.“Idon’tseethepoint,”shesaid.“It’ssomuchwork,camping.Buttheviewsathomearebetter.Thebedsaremorecomfortable.It’smorepeaceful.Andathome,thefoodisbetter.”I’lladmitshe’srightaboutthefirstthree.Butthefood?Wehadasimplepastaonenight,snagsanother,chickencurrythethird,buttheyalltastedgood.Betterthanathome.Anditwasn’tsimplythatwewerehungry;itwasbecausewewerecamping.TherealpointIwanttoconveyisthatmealstasteparticularlygoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseitremindsmeofthingsthatareeasilyoverlookedathome,whereIcanjustgotothecupboardorthesupermarketandgrabwhateverIfeellike.Whenyou’recamping,lifeisreducedtoitsessentials,andI’mremindedofhowprivilegedmostofusaretobedry,warmandfed.Moreimportantly,I’mremindedthat,sadly,noteveryoneisasfortunateasweare.AndI’mremindedthat,asasociety,weshoulddobetterforthem.4.WhydidAlexbringonlyricefordinneronthetrip?A.Hedidn’tlikesoysauce. B.Hepreferredtotravellight.C.Hecouldn’taffordabettermeal. D.Hethoughtsimplefoodenoughoutdoors.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravenous”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Exhausted. B.Starving. C.Charming. D.Refreshed.6.Whatmakestheauthorsadinthelastparagraph?A.Somepeoplelackthebasicnecessitiesoflife. B.Somepeoplefailtoappreciatewhattheyhave.C.Peopleeasilyforgetthebeautyofsimplethings. D.Peopleeasilyquitcampingduetoitsdiscomfort.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthepassage?A.Campingisatestofadaptabilitytochallenges. B.Campingisabondingexperienceforfamily.C.Campingisareminderofourgoodlife. D.Campingisachancetoenjoyafeast.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，通过讲述作者与同伴Alex户外旅行的饮食经历，以及和家人露营时对食物的感悟，揭示了露营能让人重新审视生活，意识到自身的幸运，并唤起对社会弱势群体的关怀，强调露营是对美好生活的一种深刻提醒。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butno,Alexwasn’thavinganyofit.“Idon’tneedit,”hesaidsimply.(但不，亚历克斯根本不接受我的建议。“我不需要它，”他简单地说道)”可知，Alex认为在户外简单的食物就足够了，不需要复杂的调味或更多的食物。故选D。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“afteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains(在进行了一整天的步行、登山或在山区进行越野滑雪等消耗卡路里的运动之后)”可知，在户外活动一天后，人们消耗了大量卡路里，感到非常饿的状态。故“ravenous”表示极度饥饿，因此选项B“Starving（饥饿的）”是正确的。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whenyou’recamping,lifeisreducedtoitsessentials,andI’mremindedofhowprivilegedmostofusaretobedry,warmandfed.Moreimportantly,I’mremindedthat,sadly,noteveryoneisasfortunateasweare.AndI’mremindedthat,asasociety,weshoulddobetterforthem.(当你在露营时，生活就变得极其简单纯粹了。这让我想起我们大多数人是多么幸运能够保持干爽、温暖并且有食物可吃。更重要的是，这让我意识到，令人遗憾的是，并非所有人都像我们这般幸运。而且我还意识到，作为一个社会，我们应该为他们做得更好)”可知，作者感到难过的是，有些人缺乏基本的生活必需品。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenyou’recamping,lifeisreducedtoitsessentials,andI’mremindedofhowprivilegedmostofusaretobedry,warmandfed.Moreimportantly,I’mremindedthat,sadly,noteveryoneisasfortunateasweare.AndI’mremindedthat,asasociety,weshoulddobetterforthem.(当你在露营时，生活就变得极其简单纯粹了。这让我想起我们大多数人是多么幸运能够保持干爽、温暖并且有食物可吃。更重要的是，这让我意识到，令人遗憾的是，并非所有人都像我们这般幸运。而且我还意识到，作为一个社会，我们应该为他们做得更好)”可知，选项C“露营是一种提醒人们所拥有的美好生活的方式”是作者想通过文字传递的信息。故选C。CMarineheatwaves(MHWs)aren’tjustlocalizedwarmareasinthesea.Theyaresustained,intensesuddenrisesinseatemperaturethatcanlastformonths.Andtheirimpactisextremelysevere—killingcoral,drivingfishaway,anddisruptingentirefisheries.Fueledbyhuman-drivenclimatechange,theseeventsarebecomingmorefrequentandsevere.AnewstudyrevealsthattheMHWsof2023brokeeveryknownrecord.Accordingtothestudy,96%oftheglobaloceansurfaceexperiencedheatwaveconditions.RegionsliketheNorthAtlantic,NorthPacific,tropicalPacific,andSouthwestPacificstoodtheworstofit.Together,theymadeup90%oftheabnormaloceanheating.TheNorthAtlanticheatwavestretchedonfor525days,beginninginmid-2022andrefusingtoletup.Meanwhile,theSouthwestPacificexperiencedamarineheatwavesovastandsustainedthatitbrokepreviousrecords.AteamledbyTianyunDonganalyzedsatellitedatatoconductaglobalanalysis.Theyusedatechniquetotrackhowheatmovedthroughtheocean’stoplayers.Theresearchersfoundseveralcausesforthe2023marineheatwaves.Insomeareas,therewaslesscloudcover,allowingmoresunlighttohitthewater.Elsewhere,weakerwindsledtolessmixing,causingwarmwatertostandstill.Oceancurrentsalsoshiftedfromtheirusualpatterns,furthercontributingtothebuildupofheat.“The2023MHWsmaymarkafundamentalshiftinocean-atmospheredynamics,potentiallyservingasanearlywarningofanapproachingtippingpointinEarth’sclimatesystem,”wrotethestudyauthors.Aclimatetippingpointmeanscrossingathreshold(阈值)wherethesystemcan’trecoveronitsown.Fortheocean,thatcouldleadtomorefrequentheatwaves,collapsingfoodwebs,anddecreasingfishpopulations.Andtheimpactwon’tberestrictedtothesea.Warmeroceansholdlessoxygen,disrupttheexchangeofheatandmoisturewiththeatmosphere,andhelpdriveextremeweather—affectingeverythingfromstormsandrainfalltodroughtsonland.8.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Bydefiningaconcept. B.Byquotinganexpert.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.9.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratewiththefiguresinparagraph2?A.Theimportanceofworldoceans.B.ThereactiontotheMHWsof2023.C.TheseverityoftheMHWsof2023.D.Thedifficultyinaddressingclimatechange.10.WhatcanbelearnedfromtheresearchledbyTianyunDong?A.Oceancurrentshavebecomestronger.B.Multiplefactorscausedthemarineheatwaves.C.Oceanwarminghascausedmorecloudcover.D.Fishingactivitiesdeterminemarineheatwaves.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Risingsealevels:Arecoastalcitiesatriskofdisappearing?B.Coralbleaching:Canmarineecosystemsrecoverintime?C.Extremeweatherpatterns:Isglobalwarmingaccelerating?D.Overheatingoceans:Havewereachedaclimatetippingpoint?【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍海洋热浪的定义与危害，指出2023年其破纪录及成因，还提及可能引发气候临界点，且影响会波及陆地。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Marineheatwaves(MHWs)aren’tjustlocalizedwarmareasinthesea.Theyaresustained,intensesuddenrisesinseatemperaturethatcanlastformonths.(海洋热浪（MHWs）不仅仅是海洋中的局部温暖区域，它们是海水温度持续、剧烈的突发性上升，可持续数月。)”可知，作者通过给“海洋热浪”下定义的方式引出话题。故选A项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“AnewstudyrevealsthattheMHWsof2023brokeeveryknownrecord.Accordingtothestudy,96%oftheglobaloceansurfaceexperiencedheatwaveconditions.RegionsliketheNorthAtlantic,NorthPacific,tropicalPacific,andSouthwestPacificstoodtheworstofit.Together,theymadeup90%oftheabnormaloceanheating.TheNorthAtlanticheatwavestretchedonfor525days,beginninginmid-2022andrefusingtoletup.(一项新研究显示，2023年的海洋热浪（MHWs）打破了所有已知纪录。研究表明，全球96%的海洋表面都出现了热浪现象。北大西洋、北太平洋、热带太平洋以及西南太平洋等区域受影响最为严重，这些区域的异常海洋升温占全球总量的90%。其中，北大西洋的热浪自2022年年中开始持续，时长长达525天，且热度始终没有减退。)”可知，作者用“96%”、“90%”、“525天”等数据，是为了说明2023年海洋热浪的严重程度。故选C项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresearchersfoundseveralcausesforthe2023marineheatwaves.Insomeareas,therewaslesscloudcover,allowingmoresunlighttohitthewater.Elsewhere,weakerwindsledtolessmixing,causingwarmwatertostandstill.Oceancurrentsalsoshiftedfromtheirusualpatterns,furthercontributingtothebuildupofheat.(研究人员发现了2023年海洋热浪的多个成因。在部分区域，云量减少，使得更多阳光直射海面；而在其他区域，风力减弱导致海水混合作用减弱，进而使暖水层停滞不动。此外，洋流也偏离了常规路径，这进一步加剧了热量的积聚。)”可知，该研究表明多种因素共同导致了海洋热浪。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段““The2023MHWsmaymarkafundamentalshiftinocean-atmospheredynamics,potentiallyservingasanearlywarningofanapproachingtippingpointinEarth’sclimatesystem,”wrotethestudyauthors.Aclimatetippingpointmeanscrossingathreshold(阈值)wherethesystemcan’trecoveronitsown.Fortheocean,thatcouldleadtomorefrequentheatwaves,collapsingfoodwebs,anddecreasingfishpopulations.(该研究的作者写道：“2023年的海洋热浪（MHWs）可能标志着海气动力学发生根本性转变，这或许是地球气候系统逼近临界点的早期预警。”气候临界点指越过某个阈值，一旦越过，气候系统便无法自行恢复。对海洋而言，这可能导致海洋热浪更频繁发生、食物网崩溃以及鱼类数量减少。)”及全文围绕“海洋过热（2023年破纪录海洋热浪）”展开，探讨其成因、危害及与气候临界点的关联可知，D项Overheatingoceans:Havewereachedaclimatetippingpoint?(过热的海洋：我们是否已达到气候临界点？)能概括全文核心。故选D项。DFrailty(虚弱)isamedicallydefinedconditioninolderadultsthatincreasesvulnerabilitytoeverydaystresses,leadingtoahigherriskoffalls,hospitalizationandlossofindependence.Warningsignsoffrailtyincludeunintentionalweightloss,movingslowly,feelingweak,persistenttirednessandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Becausemostofthesesignshaveadirectlinktohowactivesomeoneis,walkingisaparticularlyeffectivewaytohelpolderadultsimprovetheiroverallhealthandqualityoflifeandmaintainindependenceforlonger.Butacommonquestionremains:Howfastshouldolderadultswalktoseerealbenefits?Traditionally,the“talktest”hasbeenusedtoguidewalkingintensity:Peopleareencouragedtowalkatapacethatmakesitdifficulttosingbutstillallowsforcomfortableconversation.However,thismethoddependstoomuchonpersonaljudgmentandisdifficulttoapplyconsistently.AnewstudyledbyresearchersattheUniversityofChicagoMedicine(UChicagoMedicine)foundthatwalkingslightlyfaster—14stepsperminutemorethanaperson’susualpace—ledtomeaningfulimprovementsinphysicalfunctionamongolderadultswhowerefrailoratriskofbecomingfrail.Walkingcadence—thenumberofstepstakenperminute—isapracticalwaytomeasurewalkingintensity.DanielRubin,MD,ananesthesiologistatUChicagoMedicine,andhiscolleaguesstudiedolderadultsclassifiedasfrailorprefrail.Thestudy’sresultsshowedclearbenefits:Thosewhoincreasedtheircadencebyatleast14stepsperminuteabovetheirusualpace(toroughly100stepsperminute)experiencedsubstantialimprovementsintheirfunctionalcapacity,demonstratedbytheirabilitytowalklongerdistancesinastandardizedtest.Tousecadencetoguideyourwalkingintensity,startbymeasuringyourusualwalkingpaceinstepsperminutetoestablishabaseline,accordingtotheresearchers.Fromthere,tryincreasingyourpaceslightlytofindalevelthatstillfeelscomfortablebutfaster.12.Whatisthemajorimpactoffrailtyonolderadults?A.Itmakesthemlessactive. B.Itlimitstheirabilitytothink.C.Itreducestheirsocialactivities. D.Itpreventsthemfromwalking.13.Whyisthetalktestconsideredlessidealforguidingwalkingpace?A.Itisineffective. B.Itissubjective. C.Itisunscientific. D.Itistime-consuming.14.Whatcanweconcludefromthefindingsofthestudy?A.Eatless,weighlighter. B.Learnmore,livelonger.C.Sleepbetter,feelhappier. D.Walkfaster,ageslower.15.Whatisthepurposeofmeasuringbaselinewalkingcadence?A.Tocompareitwithyoungerpeople’space. B.Todeterminethebesttimefordailywalks.C.Tohelpsetaproperincreasedwalkingspeed. D.Tocalculatehowfaroneshouldwalkeachday.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章先介绍老年人虚弱的定义、预警信号及步行对改善虚弱的作用，接着指出“谈话测试”的不足，最后说明新研究发现稍快步行有益，并给出以步频指导步行强度的方法。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Frailty(虚弱)isamedicallydefinedconditioninolderadultsthatincreasesvulnerabilitytoeverydaystresses,leadingtoahigherriskoffalls,hospitalizationandlossofindependence.Warningsignsoffrailtyincludeunintentionalweightloss,movingslowly,feelingweak,persistenttirednessandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Becausemostofthesesignshaveadirectlinktohowactivesomeoneis,walkingisaparticularlyeffectivewaytohelpolderadultsimprovetheiroverallhealthandqualityoflifeandmaintainindependenceforlonger.(虚弱是医学上对老年人的一种定义性病症，它会增加他们面对日常压力时的脆弱性，从而导致更高的跌倒风险、住院几率以及丧失独立性。虚弱的预警信号包括体重无故下降、行动迟缓、感到虚弱、持续疲劳以及缺乏足够的身体活动。由于这些症状大多与一个人的活跃程度密切相关，因此步行是一种特别有效的帮助老年人改善整体健康状况、提高生活质量并延长独立生活时间的方法)”可知，身体虚弱对老年人的主要影响是使他们不那么活跃。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Traditionally,the“talktest”hasbeenusedtoguidewalkingintensity:Peopleareencouragedtowalkatapacethatmakesitdifficulttosingbutstillallowsforcomfortableconversation.However,thismethoddependstoomuchonpersonaljudgmentandisdifficulttoapplyconsistently.(传统上，“谈话测试”被用来指导步行强度：人们被鼓励以一种难以唱歌但仍允许舒适交谈的速度走路。然而，这种方法过于依赖个人判断，而且难以保持一贯性)”可知，谈话测试被认为不太适合用来指导步行速度是因为它具有主观性。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“AnewstudyledbyresearchersattheUniversityofChicagoMedicine(UChicagoMedicine)foundthatwalkingslightlyfaster—14stepsperminutemorethanaperson’susualpace—ledtomeaningfulimprovementsinphysicalfunctionamongolderadultswhowerefrailoratriskofbecomingfrail.(由芝加哥大学医学院的研究人员主导的一项新研究发现，对于身体虚弱或有虚弱风险的老年人而言，只要将步行速度略微加快——比平时快14步/分钟——就能显著改善其身体机能)”可知，走得快些，衰老就会慢些。故选D。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tousecadencetoguideyourwalkingintensity,startbymeasuringyourusualwalkingpaceinstepsperminutetoestablishabaseline,accordingtotheresearchers.Fromthere,tryincreasingyourpaceslightlytofindalevelthatstillfeelscomfortablebutfaster.(根据研究人员的说法，要利用步频来控制你的行走强度，首先要测量你平时每分钟的步数，以此作为基准。然后，尝试将你的步速略微加快，找到一个既舒适又较快的平衡点)”可知，测量基线步行频率的目的是设定合适的步行速度提升幅度。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inourconstantpursuitofproductivityandachievement,weoftenoverlookthequalityofourdailyexperiences.Wefillourhourswithtasks,yetwonderwhywesofrequentlyfeelexhausted,distracted,orunsatisfied.Whatifthekeytoamorefulfillinglifeisn’taboutdoingmore,butaboutdoingdifferently?______16______Activitiesactuallycanbedividedintodifferentcategories.Understandingwhateachcategorytrulyishelpsmakebetterchoices.Pleasingactivitiesarelow-effort,high-reward.Youdon’tneedtoplanthemfarinadvanceorclearoutafullafternoon.Itmightbeawalkinnature,listeningtoyourfavoriteplaylist,orcallingafriendjusttosayhello.______17______Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutfunisthatithastobesomegrandevent.Intruth,themostrestorativemomentsoftencomefromthesesmaller,everydaypleasures.___18___Theymightfeelchallengingatfirst,buttheymatchwithyourvaluesandleaveyouwitharealsenseofmeaning.Itcouldbelearninganewskillthatpushesyououtofyourcomfortzone.ThesetypesofexperiencestakemoreeffortthanPleasingactivities,buttheyoftenhelpusfeelmorealive.Yieldingactivitiesareactivitiesthatrequirelittleeffortbutofferlittlesatisfaction._____19_____Orvisualizetherepeatedcheckofyourinboxwithouturgency.Theseactivitiescanbeharmlesswaystorelax.Butwhenoverused,theyquietlyreplacemoremeaningfulexperiences.Onceyou’vereflectedonhowyoucurrentlyspendyourtime,trymakingonesmallshifteachday.ChooseaPleasingorLivingactivityyouwouldliketoengageinmore,evensomethingsimplelikeashortwalkortryingsomethingnewthatisconsistentwithyourvalues.___20___A.Trytochangehowyouhandletheseactivities.B.Livingactivitiesaretheactivitiesthatstretchyou.C.Thinkofthemindlessscanningthroughsocialmedia.D.Unbearableactivitiesarethethingsthatleaveyoudrained.E.Thegoalistoreplacedistractedmomentswithengagedones.F.Thisbeginsbyrecognizingthatnotallactivitiesaffectusequally.G.Thesearesimplejoysthatdon’trequiremuchbutofferagenuinereward.【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.C20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了追求更充实生活的关键不在于“做更多事”，而在于“以不同的方式做事”。【16题详析】空格前文提出问题“Whatifthekeytoamorefulfillinglifeisn’taboutdoingmore,butaboutdoingdifferently?(倘若通往更充实生活的关键并非在于做更多的事情，而是在于采取不同的方式呢？)”以及后文将活动分为不同的类型。因此，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，既能承接“doingdifferently”的概念，又能引出下文对活动类型的分析。F选项“这一过程首先是要认识到并非所有的活动对我们产生的影响都是相同的”既回答了“如何做到不同”，又引出了下文的活动分类，符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】根据上文“Pleasingactivitiesarelow-effort,high-reward.Youdon’tneedtoplanthemfarinadvanceorclearoutafullafternoon.Itmightbeawalkinnature,listeningtoyourfavoriteplaylist,orcallingafriendjusttosayhello.(令人愉悦的活动往往不需要花费太多精力，却能带来丰厚的回报。你无需提前精心规划，也不需要占用整个下午的时间。这可以是一次在大自然中的漫步，听听你最喜欢的音乐，或者只是给朋友打个电话问候一下)”以及后文“Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutfunisthatithastobesomegrandevent.Intruth,themostrestorativemomentsoftencomefromthesesmaller,everydaypleasures.(关于“乐趣”的最大误解在于，人们认为乐趣必须是某种重大的活动。但事实上，最能让人恢复精力的时刻往往来自于那些平凡的、日常的小享受之中)”可知，上文对令人愉悦的活动进行了说明，空格后文则是在总结这类活动的特点，G选项中的“These”指代前文的例子。故G选项“这些是简单而纯粹的快乐，不需要太多投入，却能带来实实在在的满足感”符合语境。故选G。【18题详析】根据后文“Theymightfeelchallengingatfirst,buttheymatchwithyourvaluesandleaveyouwitharealsenseofmeaning.Itcouldbelearninganewskillthatpushesyououtofyourcomfortzone.ThesetypesofexperiencestakemoreeffortthanPleasingactivities,buttheyoftenhelpusfeelmorealive.(起初可能会觉得有些困难，但它们与你的价值观相符，能给你带来真正的意义感。这可能是学习一项新技能，它能让你走出舒适区。这类经历比那些让人愉悦的活动需要付出更多的努力，但它们往往能让我们感觉更加充满活力)”可知，本段论述的主要是成长型的活动。B选项“成长活动是那些让你延伸自我的活动”是对这类活动的定义，与后文内容相符。故选B。【19题详析】根据上文“Yieldingactivitiesareactivitiesthatrequirelittleeffortbutofferlittlesatisfaction.(“消耗性活动”指的是那些所需付出的精力较少，但带来的满足感却很少的活动)”可知，空格前文定义“Yieldingactivities”并指出其特点。C选项给出例子“想想那些无意识地刷社交媒体”，它完全符合“低努力、低满足”的定义，并能与后文的“查看邮箱”例子并列。故选C。【20题详析】根据上文“Onceyou’vereflectedonhowyoucurrentlyspendyourtime,trymakingonesmallshifteachday.ChooseaPleasingorLivingactivityyouwouldliketoengageinmore,evensomethingsimplelikeashortwalkortryingsomethingnewthatisconsistentwithyourvalues.(一旦你对目前自己的时间使用情况进行了反思，就试着每天做出一个小小的改变。选择一项让你感到愉悦或有益的生活活动，哪怕只是简单的短距离散步或者尝试一些符合你价值观的新事物也行)”可知，前文建议读者每天做一个小的改变，选择一个“愉悦”或“成长”活动来做。E选项“目标是用专注的时刻替换分心的时刻”总结全文，并与文章开头提出的“感觉疲惫、心烦意乱、不满足”的问题形成了首尾呼应。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。IhadacceptedaninvitationfrommyfriendJohntovisithimandhisfamilyonthedairyfarm.Uponarrival,theytoldmethatoneoftheircowswouldbe___21___soon,whichabsolutelyarousedmyinterest.“John,comeout!”,hisfatheryelled.Weall___22___ranouttoseewhatwashappening.Surprisingly,thecowhadwanderedawayfromthefieldandslippeddownintoacreek(溪流).WedashedtherewhileJohn’sbrother___23___tothebarn(谷仓)togetthetractor.Thepoorcowwasdrowneduptoherneck.Shewasin___24___birthingmode,inthemiddleofthecreek.Everyonewasenvelopedwith___25___.Sometriedtogetaropearoundthecowtopullheruponthebank,butthefastrunningcurrent___26___it.Immediately,Ijumpedin!WhenIenteredthewater,Iwas___27___bytheicycoldness.Withinminutesasixty-poundcalfwasbornrightintomyarms!Wemanagedto___28___thenewborncalftosafety.Theotherssuccessfully___29___thecowandpulledherupwiththetractor.Thencameournext___30___:howtogetthecalfwarmedup!AsI___31___himfiercely,mythoughtsweretotallyfocusedonhis___32___.Hemadeit!However,sincethecowhadgivenbirthinthewater,herafterbirth,alongwithherscent(气味),hadwashedaway.Thenewmothermightnot___33___thebaby.___34___,thecowtookonlyashortwhiletorecognizehercalf.AllIhadwantedwastoseethebirthofthecalf,butto___35___asfullyasIdidwasoneofthemostwonderfulexperiencesI’veeverhad!21.A.onboard B.indanger C.onsale D.inlabor22.A.excitedly B.cautiously C.anxiously D.voluntarily23.A.paced B.raced C.walked D.slid24.A.full B.silent C.common D.conscious25.A.guilt B.delight C.panic D.dislike26.A.protected B.released C.trapped D.prevented27.A.scared B.amazed C.discouraged D.shocked28.A.drag B.float C.drive D.push29.A.carried B.freed C.roped D.urged30.A.choice B.concern C.pain D.opportunity31.A.rubbed B.fanned C.struck D.pressed32.A.birth B.body C.injury D.survival33.A.notice B.acknowledge C.ignore D.adopt34.A.Toourrelief B.Withouthesitation C.Toourcuriosity D.Withoutprejudice35.A.show B.plan C.understand D.participate【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.D33.B34.A35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去朋友家的奶牛场参观的时候，帮助了一头母牛生产，还照顾刚出生的小牛。【21题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们一到，就告诉我他们的一头牛马上就要生产了，这绝对引起了我的兴趣。A.onboard在船上；B.indanger在危险中；C.onsale出售；D.inlabor临产。根据后文“birthingmode”可知一头牛要生产了，故选D。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都兴奋地跑出去看发生了什么事。A.excitedly激动地；B.cautiously谨慎地；C.anxiously焦虑地；D.voluntarily志愿地。根据上文“whichabsolutelyarousedmyinterest”可知大家都很兴奋地跑出去看，故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们冲过去，约翰的哥哥跑到谷仓去取拖拉机。A.paced踱步；B.raced比赛；C.walked散步；D.slid滑动。根据上文“WedashedtherewhileJohn’sbrother”可知，大家动作都很迅速，约翰的哥哥跑到谷仓去取拖拉机。故选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在小溪中间，完全处于分娩状态。A.full满的，完全的；B.silent沉默的；C.common普通的；D.conscious意识到的。上文提到牛要生产了，所以是完全处于分娩状态。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都笼罩在恐慌之中。A.guilt内疚；B.delight高兴；C.panic恐慌；D.dislike不喜欢。根据上文“Thepoorcowwasdrowneduptoherneck.(那头可怜的母牛被淹到脖子以下)”可知母牛有危险，大家都很惊慌。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人试图用绳子把牛拴在上面把它拉上河岸，但是湍急的水流阻止了它。A.protected保护；B.released释放；C.trapped陷入困境；D.prevented阻止。根据上文“Sometriedtogetaropearoundthecowtopullheruponthebank,butthefastrunningcurrent”可知，湍急的水流阻止人们把牛拉上岸。故选D。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我下水时，我被冰冷的水震惊了。A.scared害怕的；B.amazed惊讶的；C.discouraged沮丧的；D.shocked震惊的。根据后文“bytheicycoldness”可知水惊人地冰冷。故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们设法把刚出生的小牛浮到安全的地方。A.drag拖；B.float漂浮；C.drive驾驶；D.push推。结合上文可知，母牛在水里生下了小牛，所以是设法把刚出生的小牛浮到安全的地方。故选B。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人成功地用绳子把牛拴住，用拖拉机把它拉了上来。A.carried搬运；B.freed解放；C.roped捆绑；D.urged催促。结合上文“Sometriedtogetaropearoundthecow”这里指把牛拴住，故选C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来我们要考虑的是：如何让小牛暖和起来！A.choice选择；B.concern关心；C.pain痛苦；D.opportunity机会。根据后文“howtogetthecalfwarmedup!”可知，如何让小牛暖和是下一个要考虑的事情。故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我使劲抚摸它时，我的心思完全集中在它的生存上。A.rubbed擦；B.fanned扇；C.struck打；D.pressed按压。为了暖和，作者使劲揉搓小牛。故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我使劲抚摸它时，我的心思完全集中在它的生存上。A.birth出生；B.body身体；C.injury伤害；D.survival幸存。作者使劲抚摸小牛，想让它存活下来。故选D。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新妈妈可能不承认婴儿。A.notice注意到；B.acknowledge承认；C.ignore忽视；D.adopt采取。根据上文“However,sincethecowhadgivenbirthinthewater,herafterbirth,alongwithherscent,hadwashedaway.(然而，由于母牛是在水里生的，她的孩子连同她的气味都被冲走了)”可知，新妈妈可能不承认婴儿。故选B。【34题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：让我们欣慰的是，母牛只花了很短的时间就认出了她的小牛。A.Toourrelief令我们欣慰的是；B.Withouthesitation毫不犹豫；C.Toourcuriosity令我们好奇的是；D.Withoutprejudice无偏见。根据后文“thecowtookonlyashortwhiletorecognizehercalf.”可知母牛愿意认小牛是自己的孩子，让作者他们欣慰。故选A。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只想看小