考研英语写作,常用词汇、句型大盘点

考研英语写作，作为衡量考生综合语言运用能力的关键一环，其重要性不言而喻。一篇高分作文，不仅需要清晰的逻辑、深刻的观点，更离不开精准地道的词汇和流畅多变的句型。本文旨在为各位考生梳理考研英语写作中的常用词汇与句型，助力大家在备考路上有的放矢，高效提升。一、写作核心策略：词汇与句型的基石作用考研英语写作，无论是应用文（小作文）还是议论文（大作文），都对语言的规范性、准确性和丰富性有较高要求。词汇是构成语言的基本单位，句型则是表达复杂思想、展现逻辑层次的骨架。因此，在备考初期，就应将词汇与句型的积累和运用置于重要位置。这不仅是应对考试的需要，更是未来学术深造和国际交流的语言基石。二、常用词汇分类与拓展词汇的积累并非简单的“背单词”，而是要在理解其含义、掌握其用法的基础上，学会同义替换和语境适配。（一）描述现象与引出话题类在议论文开头，常常需要描述一种普遍存在的现象或引出讨论的话题。*常用词汇：phenomenon,prevalent,widespread,increasingly,issue,controversy,debate,attention,focus,concern*词汇拓展：*现象/趋势：trend,tendency,occurrence*引起关注：arousepublicattention,capturewidespreadinterest,drawpeople'sconcern（二）分析原因与阐述影响类分析现象背后的原因及阐述其带来的影响，是议论文主体段的核心内容。*原因分析常用词汇：factor,cause,reason,contributeto,leadto,resultin,stemfrom,attributeto,owingto,dueto,onaccountof*影响阐述常用词汇：influence,impact,effect,consequence,resultin,bringabout,giveriseto,poseathreatto,haveapositive/negativeeffecton*词汇拓展：*关键因素：keyfactor,crucialelement,primarycause*促进/加剧：facilitate,accelerate,exacerbate,aggravate*深远影响：profoundinfluence,far-reachingimpact,lastingeffect（三）表达观点与论证类议论文的灵魂在于论证，清晰表达个人观点并进行有效论证至关重要。*观点表达常用词汇：view,opinion,perspective,standpoint,argue,maintain,hold,believe,consider,inmyopinion,frommyperspective*论证支持常用词汇：support,strengthen,reinforce,justify,prove,illustrate,demonstrate,inevidenceof,asaproof,forinstance,forexample,suchas*论证反驳常用词汇：argueagainst,challenge,contradict,refute,deny,doubt,question,however,nevertheless,onthecontrary*词汇拓展：*我坚信：Iamfirmlyconvincedthat…,Istronglyholdtheviewthat…*充分证明：bearsufficienttestimonyto,provideampleevidencefor（四）提出建议与解决方案类针对问题提出建设性的建议或解决方案，能体现考生的思辨能力和解决问题的意识。*词汇拓展：*采取措施：takeeffectivemeasures,adoptpracticalsteps,implementrelevantpolicies*呼吁：callfor,appealto,urge*可行的：feasible,viable,practical（五）过渡与逻辑连接词汇流畅的文章离不开恰当的过渡与逻辑连接，它们是文章的“粘合剂”。*表并列/递进：and,also,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly...butalso...*表转折/对比：however,nevertheless,nonetheless,yet,but,while,whereas,incontrast,onthecontrary,conversely*表因果：therefore,hence,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,because,since,as,for*表例证：forexample,forinstance,suchas,take...asanexample,toillustrate*表总结：inconclusion,tosumup,insummary,overall,onthewhole,inbrief,inshort三、高分句型精析与模仿掌握了丰富的词汇，还需通过灵活多变的句型来组织语言，避免文章显得单调乏味。（一）开头段常用句型1.现象引入*Inrecentyears,thephenomenonof[主题词]hasarousedwidespreadconcernamongthepublic.*Thereisagrowingtendencynowadaysfor[主题词]to[具体表现].2.观点引入*Thereismuchdiscussion/controversyoverwhether[某一观点].*AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavoroftheformer/latterviewthat[你的观点].（二）主体段常用句型1.原因分析*Severalfactorscanaccountforthisphenomenon,andthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.*Theprimaryreasonfor[现象]isthat[原因一].*Anothercontributingfactoristhat[原因二].*Onecannotoverlookthefactthat[原因三]alsoplaysaroleinthissituation.2.影响阐述*Thephenomenonof[主题词]exertsbothpositiveandnegativeimpactson[受影响对象].*Ontheonehand,[积极影响].Ontheotherhand,[消极影响].*Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillinevitablyleadto[某种结果].3.论证观点*Tobeginwith,[论点一].Forinstance,[举例说明].*Furthermore,[论点二].Thereisnodenyingthat[进一步解释].*Lastbutnotleast,[论点三].Asacaseinpoint,[举例或引用].4.对比论证*Somepeoplearguethat[观点A].However,othersmaintainthat[观点B].*While[观点A]seemsreasonabletosomeextent,[观点B]carriesmoreweightwhenconsidering[某因素].（三）结尾段常用句型1.总结观点*Inconclusion,takingallthesefactorsintoaccount,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat[总结观点].*Tosumup,itisclearthat[重申核心观点].*Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallyarriveattheconclusionthat[总结观点].2.提出建议/展望未来*Inlightoftheaboveanalysis,itisadvisableforustotakeeffectivemeasuresto[解决问题/促进发展].*Therefore,immediateactionsshouldbetakentoaddresstheissue.Foronething,[建议一].Foranother,[建议二].*Lookingahead,itishopedthat[美好愿景].Onlyinthiswaycanwe[达成目标].四、小作文（应用文）专项词汇与句型应用文写作注重格式规范、信息完整和语气恰当。常见类型包括书信（建议信、道歉信、感谢信、邀请信等）、通知、备忘录等。（一）书信常用开头与结尾*开头：*Iamwritingtoexpressmy[感谢/歉意/建议/申请等]regarding[事由].*Withreferenceto[事由],Iamwritingto[目的].*Iamsorrytoinformyouthat[不好的消息].*结尾：*Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.*Ilookforwardtoyourpromptreply.*Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyforanyinconveniencecaused.*Bestwishesforyourhealthandhappiness.（二）各类书信核心表达*建议信：*Iwouldliketosuggestthat[具体建议].*Itwouldbebeneficialif[具体做法].*Mysuggestionsareasfollows.Firstly,[建议一].Secondly,[建议二].*邀请信：*Wecordiallyinviteyoutoattend[活动名称]tobeheldon[时间]at[地点].*Itwouldbeanhonortohaveyouasourguest.*通知：*Noticeisherebygiventhat[活动/事项].*Allparticipantsarerequiredto[要求].五、大作文（议论文/图表作文）专项词汇与句型（一）图表作文（英语二常考）*描述数据变化：increase,decrease,rise,fall,climb,drop,fluctuate,remainstable,reachapeak,hitalow.*常用句型：*Asisshowninthechart/graph/table,[总体现象].*Thenumberof[事物]increasedsignificantlyfrom[数据]in[时间]to[数据]in[时间].*Itcanbeseenfromthechartthat[最显著特征].（二）议论文论证深化*引用名言：Asthesayinggoes,"..."*强调重要性：Nothingismoreimportantthan.../Itisofgreatsignificanceto...六、备考建议：从积累到运用1.勤加背诵，夯实