Unit2OutofthisworldGrammarandusage课件-高中英语牛津译林版选择性

早读任务1.7:25-7:35朗读天学网B6U2词汇2.7:40-7:50听写词汇P16-17（astronaut-visible）3.7:50-7:55记应用文高级词汇1.influence:impact坏的影响：ramificationshaveramificationson对产生（复杂/连锁/负面）后果/影响2.influencev.:shape塑造;mould对影响重大eg.Theexperiencehadmouldedandcolouredherwholelife.这次经历影响了她的一生。3.disadvantage:defect;drawback;flaw;shortage;shortcoming;limitation;demerit;weakness4.meet:encounter;face;befacedwith;beconfrontedwithOffTheHookHomework1.Words:P17-21(inviewof-agency)2.P21B1B2P64C3.YBGP32GrammarandusageSubjectclausesUnit2OutofthisworldLeadinJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.Whatisthisinthepicture?Doyouknowanyotherspacetelescopes?HubbleSpaceTelescopeFASTFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalradioTelescope500米口径球面射电望远镜China'sSkyEyeLead-inWhatistheHubbleSpaceTelescope?TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisthelargestastronomicaltelescopeeversentintospace.Itwaslaunchedin1990.Thetelescopeistoprovideastronomerswithfascinatingnewinformationonthestateoftheuniverse.Someofitsbreakthroughsincludethediscoveryoftheunexplainedphenomenonofdarkenergy,evidenceofblackholesandobservationsofstarsinthelaststagesoftheirlives.WhatisJamesWebbSpaceTelescope?Firstproposedin1989,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewaslaunchedin2021.Asatopinfraredobservatory,itexploresearlygalaxies,starformationandexoplanetstodecodetheuniverse’sorigins.系外行星Lead-inWhatisFAST?Readthearticleonpage20andfillinthefollowingtable.TheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUseIn1990(1)______________(2)____________________(3)__________TheKeplerTelescope(4)____________________(5)___________(6)________________TodetectcommunicationsignalsbetweenthestarsintheuniverseTheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUseIn1990(1)______________(2)____________________TheHubbleSpaceTelescope

Toseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes;toplayacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergy.TheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUse(5)______________(6)___________________TodetectcommunicationsignalsbetweenthestarsintheuniverseInrecentyearsFASTTheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUse(3)_______TheKeplerTelescope(4)_____________________In2009

TosearchforEarth-sizeplanetsorbitingotherstars.1.基于地面的(L5)2.环绕其它恒星(L9)3.迹象是光明的(L10)4.单口径射电望远镜(L13)UsefulExpressionsground-basedorbitotherstarsThesignsarepromising.thesingle-dishradiotelescope5.极端灵敏(L15)6.发现交流信号(L15-16)7.重要工具(L18)8.仅仅被想象所限制(20-21)UsefulExpressionsextraordinarysensibilitydetectcommunicationsignalscrucialtoolsbemerelylimitedbyimaginationFindthesentenceswithsubjectclausesinthearticle.Exploringtherules1.ThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes,…2.Whetherlifeonotherplanetsdoesexistisyettobeproved,butthesignsarepromising...3.Itisclearthattelescopesarecrucialtoolsforspaceexplorationandthatdevelopingtherequiredtechnologywillhelpastronomersallovertheworldmakeexcitingdiscoveries.4.Howmuchwewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.Wecanuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.Wecanuse(1)________tointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisastatement.Wecanuse(2)_________tointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisayes-noquestion.Wecanuseaquestionwordtointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisawh-question.Weoftenuse(3)________asthepreparatorysubjectwhenasubjectisverylong.thatWorkingouttheruleswhetheritGothroughthegrammarnotesonpage95.AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句的连接词有：从属连词：that，whether，if连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，

whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever连接副词：when，where，why，how在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句须用陈述语序，单个从句作主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.一、不做成分的连词:that/whether/if1.that不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。ThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes.2.whether不做成分，表意思“是否”。Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknownyet.It'suncertainwhether/ifhe’llcomethisevening.AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.主语从句中用whether不用if的情况：1.主语从句位于句首时;2.从句后有or或紧跟ornot时。1._______he'llcomethiseveningisuncertain.2.It’suncertain_________he’llcomethisevening.3._______she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.Whetherwhether/ifWhetherAIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.who(ever) (无论)谁

主语、宾语、表语whom(ever) (无论)谁

宾语whose(ever) (无论)谁的

定语what(ever) (无论)什么

主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever) (无论)哪一个

主语、宾语、定语二、做成分的连词:连接代词（主语、宾语、表语）AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.when

何时

时间状语where 哪里

地点状语why

为何

原因状语how

如何

方式状语三、做成分的连词:连接副词（状语）AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.四、it作形式主语句型1.It+be+形容词+that从句

做……是……的Itisclearthatthegirltoldalie.2.It+be+名词(短语))+that从句

据……Itisapitythatyourparentsdidn’tallowyoutogoshopping.3.It+be+过去分词+that从句.做……是……的Itissuggestedthatthebuilding(should)bebuiltnextyear.4.It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句Itseemsthattheyhavemadethesamemistake.AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.五、主语从句常见易错点1.that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。ThatLighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。3.主语从句要用陈述句语序。WherethetreeswillbeplantedhasnotbeendecidedAIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.4.主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainsaquestion.AIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.一个主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。多个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定（意义一致原则）。1.Whowonthematch__stillunknown.2.Whatyousaidandwhatyoudid____allright.3.Whatshelacks___experience.4.Whatweneed____morebooks.iswereisare类别连接词说明从属连词连接代词连接副词that,whether在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。who,what,which,whoever,whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。when,where,how,why在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。主语从句SummaryAIisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfields.PeoplecanuseAItohelpthemdrivevehicles,writenovels,translateforeignlanguagesanddomanyotherthings.Fromthispointofview,AIcanbefriendswithhumans.主语从句的解题步骤1.划从句Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainsaquestion.一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓2.补残缺缺什么意思，就填什么词！不缺成分缺成分连接代词（what,who,which,whom,wh-ever,whose）缺意思不缺意思是否

whether状语when/why/where/howthatPractice1.___isstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.2.Itisapity____wewon’tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.3.

_____causedtheaccidentisstillamystery.4.

___issaidthathehasgonetoShanghai.5.Itisknowntoall_____

gunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.ItthatWhatIt

that一、宾语从句概念在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，常放在及物动词、心理状态的形容词、介词或“及物动词+副词”类型的短语的后面。不管宾语从句的引导词是什么，从句一律用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语（+其他.）”结构。重点重点重点二、宾语从句的分类宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：及物动词后的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。难点难点难点二、宾语从句的分类宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：及物动词后的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。难点难点难点及物动词的宾语从句Ithinkthatheisright.Shebelievesthathonestyisthebestpolicy.介词的宾语从句Wetalkedaboutwhathappenedyesterday.Itdependsonwhethertheweatherisgood.形容词后面的宾语从句Iamsurethathewillcome.Shewasafraidthatshemightfailtheexam.三、宾语从句的引导词1).that2).whether/if3)what,who,which,whose4)when,where,why,howThat1)连接主从2)不作成分3)没有任何意义4)可以省略Hesaid

(that)hewasexcited.他说他很兴奋。Thechildadmitted

thathestolethecookie.

那孩子承认他偷了饼干。Iknow

thatpatiencehasitslimits.

我知道耐心是有限度的。Whether/if1)连接主从2)不作成分3)意为：是否whether可省略为whethertodo结构(if一般不这样)可与ornot连用Thebossdidnotmention

whetheryouwereattendingtheparty.老板没有提到你是否参加聚会。Heseemedundecided

whethertogoorstay.他似乎还没有决定去留。Iwonder

ifIshouldwearacoatornot.我不知道该不该穿外套。What/who/which/whose1)连接主从2)作成分3)意为：什么/谁/哪个/谁的包括whatever/whoever/whichever/whom等Dadcannotremember

whatMomwantsforChristmas.爸爸不记得妈妈想要什么圣诞礼物。Mydogwilleat

whateverfoodIgivehim.我给狗吃什么，它就吃什么。Didyounotice

whobrokethewindow?你注意到是谁打破了窗户吗?Mycoworkerhates

whoeverkeepsleavingthephotocopieron.我的同事讨厌老是开着复印机的人。Iwantedtoknow

whichschoolitwasyouwentto.我想知道你就读的是哪所学校。Choose

whicheverbrandyouprefer.

挑选你喜欢的那个品牌When/where/why/how1)连接主从2)作成分3)意为：什么时候/哪里/为什么/怎样包括whenever/wherever等Iaskedhim

whenhe'dbebacktopickmeup.我问他什么时候回来接我Theoldmanknew

wherethetreasurewaskept.老人知道宝藏藏在哪里。Tellme

whyyoudidit.告诉我你为什么这样做。I'llshowyou

howtoloadthesoftware.我给你演示一下如何装入这套软件四、宾语从句的注意事项1.否定前移.在动词think，believe，guess，suppose，besure，beafraid等词语之后的宾语从句，主句的否定式是从句否定的转移，主句为第一人称，反意疑问句要依照宾语从句的人称、时态提问。否定转移本来否定从句却把否定放在了主句上Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?（不可能是Idon’tthinkyouareright,doI?据叶斯柏森（Jesperson）说，Idon’tthink之类只是起缓和语气的作用，主要意思在从句上。）2.不能省略that的宾语从句句中有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that一般都不能省去本质：如果全省略就会出现后面的句子到底是宾语从句还是并列句的混和歧义为避免出现这种情况不能全省Hesaid(that)theexhibitionwasexcellentandthathewantedtovisititoncemore.他说展览非常棒，他还想再看一次。主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语或主句的状语时，宾语从句前的that不能省去。本质：省略后导致后面句子变成并列句却没有连词的混乱JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourministerwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.就在那时我才注意的我们的部长第一次穿上了他的绿色大衣，戴上了他的丝质黑色礼帽。在宾语从句中，that之后紧接作主语或作定语的that（或this）时，that不能省略。本质：当第一个that省了就会出现第二个that成为宾语从句引导词而后面从句没有主语的混乱（名词性从句中that只是引导作用不做从句成分）Hethoughtthatthatwouldbeagoodchanceforhimtogotovisittheworld-famousscientist.他认为那可能是他拜访这位世界著名科学家的一次好机会。介词except，but，in等后的宾语从句不能省去that特列说明：that引导的宾语从句一般不可做介词宾语但except，but，in属于特例本质：介词后面常跟名词动名词及短语宾语从句那么没有that介词就和从句主语碰撞在一起而出现混乱和歧义Hisarticleisverygoodexceptthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.他的文章非常好，除了几个不太适合的句子。3.只能用whether不能用if的情况:①在介词后面:I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.②在动词不定式前:Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.③当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idon'tknowwhetherhe'sfreeornot.④放在句首时:Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.宾语从句能力提升检测①、单句语法填空1．Englishlearningwebsitesprovidealistofsourcestoshow__________theirinformationcamefrom.2．Mydadreadabrochureaboutholidayinginthecountryside,sohedecidedtocallandsee_________________wecouldbookafarmhouse.whereif/whether宣传册3．Ibeganmyexerciseslowly,withjustfivetotenminutesaday,whichiswhatIrecommend________everyoneaimsforatthestart.4．Judyneedstotakealotoftimeidentifying_________thenecklaceissomethingmadeoutofshellsornot.5.JiaonceexplainedonherWeiboaccount:“Thefilmisnotrelatedtoweightlossandevenhasverylittleconnectionwithboxing.Ittells

akindpersonfindsherselfandlearnstoloveherself.”thatwhetherhowTheauthorisexcitedbutalsocautiousaboutAI.Heusestheexampleofhavingarobotdoallyourworkforyouandsays“Howcoolthatwouldbe!”HealsoexplainshowAIcouldbenefitusbylistingvariousapplicationsofAI,suchashealthcareandmachinetranslation.However,whilelookingforwardtoitspotential,heisclearlyconcernedaboutthepossibledangersofAI.HeasksaseriesofquestionsaboutthefutureofAIandquotesStephenHawkingtoshowthepotentialdangers.Intheconclusiontheauthoralsowarns,“WeneedtomakesurethatwewillnotfallvictimtoAI.”ApplyingtherulesCirclethemistakesandcorrectthemintheblanks.1.Thespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations._____________________________________________________2.Whethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependonhowmuchtimeittakes.________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Itwasnotclearhowlonghewillstayonthespacestation.____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Thatthespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.Whethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependsonhowmuchtimeittakes.Itwasnotclearhowlonghewouldstayonthespacestation.Itisnotclearhowlonghewillstayonthespacestation.B1TheauthorisexcitedbutalsocautiousaboutAI.Heusestheexampleofhavingarobotdoallyourworkforyouandsays“Howcoolthatwouldbe!”HealsoexplainshowAIcouldbenefitusbylistingvariousapplicationsofAI,suchashealthcareandmachinetranslation.However,whilelookingforwardtoitspotential,heisclearlyconcernedaboutthepossibledangersofAI.HeasksaseriesofquestionsaboutthefutureofAIandquotesStephenHawkingtoshowthepotentialdangers.Intheconclusiontheauthoralsowarns,“WeneedtomakesurethatwewillnotfallvictimtoAI.”4.WhatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.ThatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ThatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.WhatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.ApplyingtherulesB2ThepassagebelowisabouttheChineseLunarExplorationProgram.Completethepassagewiththecorrectsubjectclausesintheboxbelow.ThereisoneclauseyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks.TheChineseLunarExplorationProgramisalsoknownastheChang’eProgram.RunbytheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,China’sspaceagency,itcomprisesthreestages:orbiting,landingandreturning.Theprogram’sfirstspacecraft,Chang’e1

lunarorbiter,waslaunchedinOctober2007.ItsuccessfullyorbitedandscannedtheMoon.(1)______wasthatChang’e2reachedtheMoonwithinjustfivedays.Withbettertechniquesandequipment,Chang’e2completedamoredetailedscanoftheMoonbeforeheadingintodeepspace.ThesuccessofthetwospacecraftshowedtheworldhowfarChineseexplorationhadcome.Itwasevident(2)________.ebDecember2013witnessedtheChinesespacecraft’sfirstsoftlandingontheMoon.ThelandingofChang’e3

provedtobeasuccessand(3)_______wasplaintosee.InJanuary2019,Chang’e4

succeededinlandingonthefarsideoftheMoon.InDecember2020,Chang’e5successfullycollectedandreturnedlunarsamples.Chinahassuccessfullycompletedthethreestagesoftheprogram.However,(4)_______isanybody’sguess.acahowitlaidthefoundationforfutureexplorationbthat

thedatagatheredbythemprovidedvaluableinformationcwhatadvancesChinawillmakeinthefuturedwhyChinaisoneoftheworldleadersinspaceexplorationeWhatamazedthewholenationinOctober2010FillinthetableSpacecraftTimeoflaunchMajorachievementsChang’e1Chang’e2Chang’e3Chang’e4Chang’e5FillinthetableSpacecraftTimeoflaunchMajorachievementsChang’e1Chang’e2Chang’e3InOctober2007ItcompletedamoredetailedscanoftheMoon.ItlandedontheMoon.InDecember2013InOctober2010ItsuccessfullyorbitedandscannedtheMoon.FillinthetableSpacecraftTimeoflaunchMajorachievementsChang’e4Chang’e5InJanuary2019Itsuccessfullycollectedandreturnedlunarsamples.InDecember2020ItsucceededinlandingonthefarsideoftheMoon.1.超出我们预料2.月球车3.包括三个阶段4.绕，落，回5.显而易见6.谁也说不准的事UsefulExpressionsonpage21beyondourexpectationslunarprobecomprisethreestagesorbiting,landingandreturningItisevidentthat...anybody’sguess1.That2.What3.that4.that5.What6.Whether7.Where8.whether9.Why10.whoeverConP64D1.where2.injury3.However4.of5.which6.What7.recovery8.incredibly1._____thefactorywillemploymorenewworkersistrue.2．Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson_________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.3.____theboydistractsf