Unit4 单元测试 （原卷版）

2/2Unit4单元测试（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAlbertEinstein(1879—1955)wasoneofthegreatestandmostoriginalscientificthinkersofalltime.BornofJewishparentsinGermany,hecompletedhiseducationinSwitzerlandandgothisPh.DattheUniversityofZurich.HewenttoliveintheUnitedStatesin1933becauseoftheriseofNazisminGermanyandHitler'spersecutionoftheJews.In1905,whilestillatZurich,hepublishedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,whichwasbasedonthingseveryonemayhavenoticed.Iftwotrainsarestandingalongsideeachotherandonetrainstartstomove,apersonsittinginthetrainmaywonderwhetherhisowntrainismovingortheotherismoving,andbeforehefindsoutwhatishappening,hecanseethatonetrainismovingrelativelytotheother.Fromthisandalsofromothermorecomplicatedfacts,Einsteincametotheconclusionthatallmotionisrelativeandthattherearereallynosuchthingsasabsolutemotion.Someoftheotherconclusionshedrewarethatnothingcangofasterthanlight,andthatifsomethingsuchasarulerwasmovingfasterandfasteritwouldseemtogetshorterandshorterasitsspeedwasnearthespeedoflight.By1915,EinsteinhadmadeknownhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity,HealsoimprovedonNewton'stheoryofgravity.Mostofhistheorieshavebeentestedandfoundtobetruethoughsomemaysoundstrange.Forhisimportantworkhewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics.1．In1933,EinsteinwenttoliveintheUnitedStatesbecause________A．helovedtheUSAmorethanhisowncountryB．hehadgotsomefriendstherewithwhomhecouldworktogetherC．hewantedtolivequietlyintheUSAD．hecouldnolongerworkinGermanywhenHitlercameintopower2．EinsteinpublishedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativitywhenhewas________.A．intheUnitedStatesB．inUlm,GermanyafterhegothisPh.DC．stillinSwitzerlandattheageoftwenty-sixD．stillattheUniversityofZurichattheageofthirty-six3．OneoftheconclusionsdrawnbyEinsteinisthat________.A．planesgofasterthantrainsandbuses B．peoplecouldn'trunasfastasvehiclesC．lightgoesthefastestofallthethings D．twotrainscangoindifferentdirections.BManyschoolsnowservebreakfastaswellaslunch.Alotofkidswhotakepartcanendupeatingtwobreakfastsoneathomeandoneatschool.Peopleareconcernedthatthesekidsmaybecomeoverweight.Infact,MarleneSchwartz,apsychologistwhostudiesthephenomenon(现象)ofoverweight,notesthat’snotwhatherdatahasshowninhernewstudy.Hergroupstudiedsome600middleschoolstudents.Overthreeyears,studentsinfifth,sixthandseventhgradeswereaskedabouttheirbreakfast.Throughoutthestudybout34to44percentofallstudentssaidtheyregularlyatebreakfastathome.Upto17percentoralmostoneineverysixkidsregularlyatebreakfastatschool.Overall,aboutoneinevery10kidsreportedhavingbreakfastbothathomeandatschool.Andeatinghabitschangedsomewhatasthekidsgotolder.Surprisingly,ateveryage,kidswhoatebreakfastwerelesslikelytobeoverweight.Thiswastrueevenforthosewhoatebreakfastathomeandatschool.Indeed,thestudyfoundnoevidenceofgreaterweightgainamongstudentswhoatedoublebreakfasts.Rather,itfoundthatstudentswhoskippedbreakfastwerethosemostlikelytobeoverweight.Skippingbreakfastmaysetpeopletobeover-hungrylaterintheday.Thensomeonemayeatmorefoodthantheirbodyneeds.Itmighttakethebrainlongertorealize“youhaveenoughfoodandcanstopeatingnow”.Iftrue,skippingbreakfastmayactuallyleadapersontoconsumetoomanycalories(卡路里)overtherestoftheday.“Earlierstudieshaveshownthistobethecase.Thetotalcaloriestakenin24hoursarelesswhenyoueatagoodbreakfast,”saysDianaCutts,whoworksattheUniversityofMinnesotainMinneapolis.“Eatinghealthilyinthemorningisreallywhatyouneedtohaveenergy.Skippingbreakfastisnotgoodforyourbodyandbrain.”4．WhichistrueaccordingtoMarleneSchwartz’sstudy?A．Oneineverytenkidshadbreakfastatschool.B．Eatinghabitsdidn’tchangeaskidsgotolder.C．Kidshavingbreakfastweremorelikelytobeoverweight.D．Havingdoublebreakfastsdoesn’tmeangaininggreaterweight.5．Whatmaycauseoverweightinchildrenwhoskipbreakfast?A．Thepoorfunctionofthebody.B．Eatingtoomuchlaterintheday.C．Eatingtoomuchunhealthyfood.D．Lackofcalory-burningexercise.6．WhatdoDianaCutts’wordstellus?A．Theimportanceofenergy.B．Theharmofcaloryintake.C．Theharmoflightbreakfast.D．Theimportanceofbreakfast.7．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Causesofchildhoodoverweight.B．Waystokeepahealthyweight.C．Skippingbreakfastmayleadtooverweight.D．Eatingdoublebreakfastsishealthier.CScientistshavealwaysbeeninterestedinthehighleveloforganizationinantsocieties.Americanresearchershavewatchedantsbuildlife-savingraftstokeepafloatduringfloods.Theyalsohaverecordedhowantschoosetheirnextqueen—thefemalewhosejobistoproduceeggs.Newtechnologyishelpingtoimproveresearchers’understandingoftheinsects.Butthereisstillalottobelearned.FireantslivinginBrazilianforestsareperfectlyathomeinanenvironmentwherefloodingiscommon.Tosavethemselves,theinsectsconnecttheirlegstogetherandcreatefloatingrafts.Someantraftscanbeupto20centimeterswide.DavidHuisanengineerwiththeGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,alsoknownasGeorgiaTech,saying,"Ifyouhave100ants,whichmeans600legs,99percentofthoselegswillbeconnectedtoaneighbor.Sothey’revery,verygoodatkeepingthisnetwork."DavidHuandotherGeorgiaTechresearcherswantedtostudyantsandthesecretoftheirengineering.Theyfrozeantraftsandthenlookedatthemwiththehelpofcomputedtechnology,orCTimages.Thepicturesshowedthatlargerantsserveincentralpositionstowhichsmallerantshold.Thelargerantscreatepocketsofairthatkeeptheinsectsafloat.Scientistssaysmallrobotsormaterialsthatcanchangeshapecouldbeprogrammedinasimilarway,workingtowardsasharedgoal.ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityarealsostudyingants.TheyexaminedhowIndianjumpingantschoosetheleaderofthecolonywhentheylosetheirtopfemaleorqueen.8．Theauthortakesfireantsasanexampletotellus________.A．howantssurvive B．howantsseekfoodC．howantscommunicate D．howantslivetogether9．WhatcanweknowfromwhatDavidHusaidinparagraph4?A．Antsknowthewaytokeepintouchintheriver.B．Antsknowthewaytojointogetherclosely.C．Antsknowthewaytolookforeachother.D．Antsknowthewaytobuildalargeraft.10．Whydidthelargerantsserveincentralpositionsintheirantrafts?A．Tostresstheirimportance. B．Tohelpalltheantsfloat.C．Tofightagainsttheenemies. D．Todefendtheirtopfemale.11．Whatideasdotheantsgiveusaccordingtothepassage?A．Wecanusesimilar-shapedmachinesinfloodingareas.B．Wecancombinesmallrobotsormaterialsintolargerones.C．Smallandshape-changeablethingsmightworkjustlikeantsdo.D．Smallrobotsormaterialsintheshapeofantscanbemade.DReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,"Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth."Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishby2keepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktotherealandnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.12．Whydoes’theauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tostresstheimportanceofreading.B．Toexplainwhattheyare.C．Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.D．TointroduceBookCrossing.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it"inParagraph2referto?A．Anadventure:B．ThebookC．Apublicplace.D．Theidentificationnumber.14．WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?A．Passitontoanotherreader.B．Mailitback’toitsowner.C．Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.D．Meetotherreaderstodiscussit15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．OnlineReading:AVirtualTouryB．AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooksC．ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendLD．ABookGroupBringsTraditionBack第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Nobel,whowasborninStockholm,isagreatscientistfamousforhisdangerousexperiments.NobelstudiedintheUSAandthenRussiabetween1850and1859.____16____Asisknown,bombisdangeroustolife,butNobelwasworkingunderthatcondition.Onceabigexplosioninhislabcompletelydestroyedthelabandcausedsomedeaths.____17____Hereceivedcriticismandsatire,butheproceededwiththeworkratherthanlosingheart.From1860sto1880s,Nobelmademanyachievementsandhisinventionswerefirstusedinbuildingroadsanddiggingtunnels.Mostofthebombsweresaferandmorepossibletobecontrolled.Evenattheendofthe20thcentury,westillusedhismethods.____18____Hewasquicktoseeindustrialopeningsforhisscientificinventionsandbuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries.Indeedhisgreatnesslayinhisoutstandingabilitytocombinethequalitiesofanoriginalscientistwiththoseofaforward-lookingindustrialist.____19____Seldomhappy,hewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolife,andfromhisyouth,hehadtakenaseriousinterestinliteratureandphilosophy.Hisgreatestwish,however,wastoseeanendtowars,andthuspeacebetweennations,andhespentmuchtimeandmoneyworkingforthiscause.Tofollowhiswill,afundwassetuptoencouragepeopletomakegreatprogressinphysics,chemistry,physiology,medicine,literatureandpeace.____20____A．Afterhisreturn,hestartedresearchingintobombs.B．Afterthathehadtoexperimentonaboatinalake.C．Everyoneknowsthestoryofhisfamousinvention.D．That'stheNobelPrizewhichmeansgreathonortoascientist.E．NobelhadmanypatentsinBritainandotherEuropeancountries.F．Mostofhistheorieshavebeentestedandfoundtobetruethoughsomemaysoundstrange.G．ButNobel'smainconcernwasneverwithmakingmoneyorevenwithmakingscientificdiscoveries.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）OnemorningwhenIwasvisitingapoorwoman,Inoticedherdogwassufferingfromaterriblecaseofmange(癞疥).Iaskedwhyshedidn’t____21____himandshetoldmetherewasnothingshecoulddoaboutitforbeingshortof___22___.MyheartbrokeasIwatchedhimslowlytryingtostandhis____23____fromtheillness.IaskedherifshewouldmindifItriedto

___24___him.ItoldherIwouldtrytogetsome____25____tomakehimfeelcomfortable.Insteadofgoingtoa___26___chemist’sshop,Iwenttothelocalanimaldoctorandtoldhimwhatthedog____27____likeandhetoldmewhatIneeded.WhenI____28____tothewoman’shomeIaskedherifshewouldbesureto____29____thedoginthemedicineliquideverydayuntilitwas_____30_____.TwoweekslaterwhenIreturnedtothehouse,this_____31_____littleballofdogwithredfur____32____meatthedoor.Itwashim,shakinghistail_____33_____.Ismiledandtoldthewomanshedidagreat_____34_____.IcalledthedogFirecrackerbecausehisfurwassoredandlively.EverytimeIwenttoherhome,Firecrackeralwaysgreetedmewithawaveofhistail.Thatwasthebest$16I______35______spent.21．A．feed B．sell C．treat D．donate22．A．time B．ability C．food D．money23．A．pain B．noises C．looks D．hopelessness24．A．change B．please C．help D．buy25．A．medicine B．love C．water D．milk26．A．rural B．food C．strange D．regular27．A．sounded B．looked C．smelled D．felt28．A．returned B．hurried C．rushed D．turned29．A．raise B．protect C．walk D．bathe30．A．cutdown B．takenapart C．usedup D．paidoff31．A．weak B．funny C．energetic D．naughty32．A．drove B．ignored C．attacked D．recognized33．A．honestly B．carefully C．anxiously D．happily34．A．service B．job C．favor D．attempt35．A．even B．never C．ever D．then第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）Famousscientistasheis,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfa______36______.Asayoungman,YuanLongpingsawthegreatneedforincreasingtherice______37______.Atthattime,_____38_____(hungry)wasadisturbingprobleminChina.Hewantedtoincreasericeharvestswithout______39______(expand)theareaofthefields.In1973,aspecialstrainofricemadeitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthe_____40_____inthesamefields._______41_______tohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Heisnow______42______(circulate)hisriceknowledgeinlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvestsandhewantstoexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Thoughhehas______43______(struggle)forthepastfivedecades,DrYuanisquite______44______withhislife.Inhissparetime,heenjoys______45______(listen)toviolinmusic,playingmah—jong,swimmingandreading.第三部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国学医的朋友Jim想请你介绍中国科学家钟南山。请你根据以下要点给Jim回信介绍钟南山。出生年月及地点1941年出生于江苏省南京市。他是中国最著名的科学家和医生之一。主要经历及成就1.1960毕业于北京医学院医学专业，并于1979年出国进修。2.2003年带头积极加入抗击非典的战斗，阻止了疫情的蔓延。3.2019年，武汉爆发新冠肺炎。84岁高龄的他，尽管知道很危险，仍然又一次站到了抗疫战争的最前线。4.2020年获得“共和国勋章”注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.参考词汇：北京医学院BeijingMedicalCollege

非典SARS新冠肺炎COVID—19

疫情：epidemic共和国勋章theMedaloftheRepublicDearJim,KnowingthatyouareinterestedinAcademicianZhongNanshan,I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouthim._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。TheLessoninDesignItwasFridayafternoon.Onthewayhomefromschool,Andystudiedthefabrics(面料)andcolorsoftheotherstudents’clothes.Everyoneworethesamebasicoutfit-jeansandsomesortofshirt.Nothingoutoftheordinary,nothingattractiveorstylish.Beingfromafamilyoftailors(裁缝),Andyhadlearnedhowtomakeandchangeclothesoveryears.Buthewantedtobemorethanjustatailor.WhenAndyarrivedathisfather’stailorshop,hewatchedhisfather-pins(大头针)inhismouth,measuringtapehangedaroundhisneck—expertlyrepairpants.Andy’sfatheralwayssaid,“Often,whenpeoplelookbetter,theyactbettertoo.”ThatwasexactlythereasonwhyAndylongedtocreatesomethingofhisown,somethingdifferent,somethingexceptional.“Andy,there’ssomethingIwanttogiveyou.”Andy’sfatherpeeredoverhiseyeglassesandaskedAndytofollowhimtothebackroom.Onthecornerofalargeworktablesat