Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructuresRestrictiverelativeclausesReview——定语从句1.当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词2.通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling3.定语从句的必备两要素ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling①先行词（名词或代词）②关系词（关系代词that/which/who/whom/whose/as

关系副词when/where/why…）指人relativepronouns关系代词who(主语，宾语)whom(宾语)whose(定语)that(主语，宾语)whose(定语)that(主语，宾语)which(主语，宾语)指物一、关系代词如何确定关系代词？方法：还原法把先行词还原到定语从句中去,看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词．例一：

Thestudents________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.____________don’tstudyhard.Thestudents主语，而且指人who/that例二：

Thewoman_____________yousawintheparkisourChineseteacher.yousaw____________

inthepark.thewoman宾语，而且指人(whom/who/that)注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略．如何来确定引导词?例一：

Themines______Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.Iworked_________________.

inthemines地点状语

where/inwhich例二：

Thereason________Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.Igotajob_______________.

forthereason原因状语

why/forwhich例三：

Thetime＿＿＿＿IjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.IjoinedtheANC______________.

atthetime时间状语

when/atwhich例四：Thegovernmentbuilding＿＿＿＿wevotedwasverytall.Wevoted________________.

inthebuilding地点状语

where/inwhich例五：Thedate＿＿＿＿＿Iarrivedwaslateatnight.Iarrived________________.

onthedate时间状语

when/onwhich1.关系代词的确定

当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句，例如：Doyouknowthegirlwith________ourteacheristalking?

当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，例如：Thisistheroomin___________mygrandmotherusedtolive.whomwhich二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句2.介词的确定

2.1根据先行词的搭配关系：1)Istillremembertheday______________Imetyou.

2)Iwillneverforgetthefarm_____________Iworkedwithyou.3)Themoney______________youweretobuyfoodisgone.

onwhichonwhichwithwhich(ontheday在那天)(onthefarm在农场)(withthemoney用钱)二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句2.介词的确定

2.2

根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯Doyoulikethebook______________shespent$10?

2)Doyoulikethebook______________shepaid$10?3)TheWestLake,______________Hangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.onwhichforwhichforwhich二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句2.介词的确定2.3根据句子的意思来确定1)Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。

2)Thisistheman_______whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句2.介词的确定2.4表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词“of”1)Hehastwosons,_____________graduatedfromPekingUniversity.他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。

2)Tomwrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalf__________wereaboutcampusculture.汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。bothofwhomofwhich二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词的用法关系代词指代定语从句中所充当的成成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose1.ThisisthehousewhereIlived20yearsago.2.Istillrememberthe

day

whenIfirstmethim.3.Canyoutellmethereason

whyyouliedtome?1.观察先行词有什么特点？2.从句中缺少什么成分？三、关系副词when的用法①When引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich

(when)Ijoinedtheteam.I’llneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheteamonthatday.when作时间状语★不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分I’llneverforgettheday______Ilivedinthemountains.I’llneverforgettheday_______________Ispentinthemountains.whenthat/which/省略when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词

time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion时刻，age年代，period阶段,stage时期，interval间隙等词,并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词

(in/on/during)+whichI’llneverforgetthemoment

inwhich(when)Istudiedintheclassroom.where的用法②

Where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。Theschoolwhere(inwhich)mysonstudiesisnearapark.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.

分解where作地点状语★不能看到地点就用where,要看从句缺什么成分Thisisthehouse_______hewasborn.Thisisthehouse_____________wassetupbyhisparents.wherethat/whichwhere还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。Theyhavereachedthepointwhere

theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.Theirchildisatthestagewhere

shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.why的用法③Why引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+which”来替换。Doyouknowthereason(forwhich)whyheissoupset?Doyouknowthereason.Heissoupset.

why作原因状语★不能看到reason就用why，要看从句缺什么成分Thisisthereason

_____hewaslate.Thisisthereason____________hetoldusforhisbeinglate.

whythat/which关系副词相当于被代替的先行词在从句中作成分in,at等介词+which表示地点的名词at,in,on,during等介词+which地点状语表示时间的名词时间状语for+whichreason原因状语wherewhenwhyExercises1.Doyoustillrememberthefirstday______youwenttohighschool?2.IpaidavisittoFudanUniversity_______myfatherstudiedthirtyyearsago.3.Doyouknowtherealreason______Annedidn'tgototheget-together?4.TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazinefor_______

youasked.whenwherewhywhich5.Peterputhimselfinasituation_______hehadtoleavethecompany.6.Therewasatime______mydaughterwascrazyaboutpopmusic.7.Therestaurant_______Ihaveeatenawonderfulmealisgoingtoclosedown.8.Therearetwomainreasons______thissituationhasbeenallowedtocontinue.wherewhenwherewhyThisisthecollege________________Ivisited.Thisisthecollege________________Istudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday________________wespenttogether.I’llneverforgettheday___________Igotmarried.Thisisnotthereason

_____________

Iwanttolistento.Thisisthereason__________hegave.Thisisthereason___________Iloveyou.(that/which)

where

(that/which)when(that/which)which

why1、Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.2、Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.3、TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.4、MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_______,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.5、Heisoneoftheexperiencedengineersinthisfactory________hardworkwasrepaidwiththedevelopmentofthefactory.6、Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses______arebuiltclosetoeachother.7、Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction____________hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.thatwhosewhichwhichthatofwhichwhere8.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which9.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.what10.Thecomputer________lastweekhasgonewrong.A.whichIboughtitB.IboughtC.whatIboughtD.Iboughtit11.Pleasegivemethereason______youwerelatethistime.A.thatB.whichC.whyD./DABCExercise1.Doyouexpecttovisitthemuseum_______isunderconstruction?2.Thisistheperson____________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.3Thegirl____________graduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.4.Ilikethosebooks____________topicsareabouthistory.5.Anystudent____________familyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.6.I'dliketotellyousomething_______mightmakeyousurprised.that/whichwho/whom/thatwho/thatwhosewhosethatExercise1.Doyoustillrememberthefirstday______youwenttohighschool?2.Therestaurant_______Ihaveeatenawonderfulmealisgoingtoclosedown.3.Doyouknowtherealreason______Annedidn'tgototheget-together?4.Peterputhimselfinasituation_______hehadtoleavethecompany.5.Therewasatime______mydaughterwascrazyaboutpopmusic.6.I’llneverforgetthemoment_______Istudiedintheclassroom.whenwherewhywherewhenwhenExerciseIwillalwaysrememberthehours_____________welivedtogether.2.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours____________wespenttogether.3.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage______________heonceworked?4.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage______________heoncevisited?5.Mandelawastheblacklawyerto________Iwentforadvice.6.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,for_______Iwasgrateful.1.when/inwhich2.which/that3.where/inwhich4.which/that5.whom6.whichExercise7.Thisistheveryroom_______Isleptinthatevening.8.Therearecases_______________theword“kid”isusedasaverb.9.I’matanage___________Idon’tknowwhatloveis,butyoursweetsmilestilltouchesme.10.Itisthefirstfictionfilm_____Ihaveeverseen.7.that8.where9.when10.thatExercise10.Itisthefirstfictionfilm_____Ihaveeverseen.11.Thedoctorhasthreedaughters,twoof______areteachers.12.Thedoctorhasthreedaughters,andtwoof_____areteachers.13.Peter,________youmetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.14.Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewaslittlenervous,_____wasunderstandable.15.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.10.that11.whom12.which13.whom14.which15.AsExercise16.Doyourememberthescene________CaoCaoandLiuBeiweredrinking?17.________ismentionedabove，paperisfirstmadeinChina.18.Heissu