Unit 1 Learning about language 课件-2022-2023学年高二英语同步课件（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit1UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSTopracticethevocabulary.Tolearntousepredicativeclauses.Tomakesentencesusingpredicativeclauses.Canyouguessthemeaningofthisword?Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis肺尘病

pneumono-(oflung肺的)，ultra-(toanextremedegree非常)，micro-(small微小的)，scopic-(ofviewingorobserving观察或注意的)，silico-(ofsilicon硅的)，volcano-(mountainthatreleaseslavaandash火山的)，coni-(ofdust尘土的)，-osis(stateofadisease疾病)Nowdoyouthinkitpossibleforyoutoguessthemeaningoftheword?Itisalungdiseasecausedbyinhalingveryfineashandsanddust.Findthewordsfromthepreviouspageswiththefollowingprefixesorsuffixes.Thenaddtwowordsforeachprefixorsuffix,andexplaintheirmeanings.PrefixWordsPrefixWordsre-

micro-

dis-

trans-

reunite,revise,recover,react,recalldiscover,disappear,dislike,disablemicroscope,microwave,microphonetransform,transport,transplant前缀释义单词re-reviewreturndis-disagree

micro-microscopetrans-transporttransnationalagainbacknotsmallchangeacross,over,beyondSuffixWordsSuffixWords-ory

-ial

-ion

-ology

contradictory,advisory,compulsoryinfection,contribution,extinction,reaction,congratulation,collectionsubstantial,official,financial,commercialepidemiology,physiology,biology后缀释义单词-orysensory-ioncollection-ialbeneficial

-ologysociologyoforrelatingtoactionorprocesshavingthecharacteristicsofabranchofknowledgeMakephrasesbycombiningthewordsintheleftboxwiththoseontheright.Thencompletethesentencesusingthesephrases.1.Manyscientists_____________theviewthatitishumanactivitythathascausedglobalwarming.2.Hewasto___________theaccidentbecausehedroveonthewrongsideoftheroad.subscribesuspectblamelinksubscribetoblamefortooffor3.Theman_____________beingbehindtherobberywasseencrossingthestreet.4.Sinceheartdiseaseisoften___________ourlifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.suspectedoflinkedtosubscribesuspectblamelinktoofforItisnotunusualforanathletetobewellknownwhileheisactive,andquicklyforgottenwhenhisathleticcareerisover.2.I'msureshe'lldealwiththechangesverywellbecauseshe'sveryadaptable.Replacetheunderlinedpartswithsuitablewordsfromthebox.ahouseholdnamehandleraw,ahouseholdname,substantial,statistics,handle3.Hewasreadytoservedinnertohisfriendswhenherealisedthathehadforgottentoturnontheovenandthemeatwasnotcookedyet.4.Heusedhisgreatinfluencetochangethethinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue.5.Scientistshavecollectedmoredatathanexpectedtoprovethetheory.rawsubstantialstatisticsraw,ahouseholdname,substantial,statistics,handleBritishscientistsbelievetheymayhavefoundawaytofightthecommoncold.Itblocksakeyproteininthebody'scellsthatisto_______forthespreadofcold-causingvirus.Targetingthehostratherthanthe_________wasabitnon-traditionalbutmadesensebecauseitwastrickytotargetthevirus.Readthispassageaboutmedicalscience.Completeitusingthewordsbelow.blameinfection,multiple,decrease,severe,transform,proof,blame,substantialinfectionCold-causingvirusarenotonlyof_________kinds,theyalso___________rapidly,meaningtheycanquicklydevelopresistancetomedicine.Researchersareworkingonmakingaformofmedicinethatcanbetakendirectlyintoone'slungs,to_________thechanceofsideeffects.Thoughthesescientistshavemade__________advancesintheirresearch,further_______isneededtomakesuresuchdrugsarenotso_________thattheyharmthebody.multipletransforminfection,multiple,decrease,severe,transform,proof,blame,substantialdecreasesubstantialproofsevereThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.DiscoverypredicativeclauseUnderstandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceiswhatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.―BillGatesThenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobewhengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.―AlvinTofflerThedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtisthathealthisthecurefordisease.―AshleyMontaguResearchiswhatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.―WernhervonBraunChoosethePredicativeClause.判断表语的主要依据就是表语在系动词之后。状态类：be动词，seem,appear,keep,remain,stay…感观类：look,smell,taste,sound,feel…变化类：become,get,turn,grow,fall,come,go…LinkingverbsUnderlinealltheexamplesinthereadingpassagewherenounclausesareusedasthepredicative.Thenstatetheirmeaningandfunctions.Onetheorywas

thatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwas

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Itseemed

thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Thetruthwas

thatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句必须用陈述语序。e.g.Thequestioniswhobrokethevase.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.PredicativeClauses(表语从句)表语从句的引导词连接词连词在从句中不作成分that,whether,asif,asthough,because…连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever…连接副词在从句中作状语when,where,how,why…e.g.

Thetroubleis

thatIhavelosthisaddress.Thequestioniswhethertheywillgobyplaneorbytrain.Itsounds

asif/thoughsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.Thisis

becausetheweatherhereiscoldandwet.That's

whyTonygotangrywithme.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Thequestionis

howwecanfindthesuitablemanforthejob.表语从句要点归纳1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

e.g.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.2.that引导表语从句时,在句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,无实际意义,一般不能省略。

e.g.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.3.whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，空间，到底”，在句中不作任何成分。

if不能引导表语从句。

e.g.Thequestioniswhetheryourunclewillofferhelptous.4.连接代词ho,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有词义。

e.g.Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.5.连接副词where,when,why,how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。

e.g.Thequestioniswhentheywillstarttheproject.

Thequestionishowhedidit.6.Thatisbecause...

指原因或理由；Thatiswhy...

则指由于某种原因所造成的后果。

e.g.Brucedidnotwatchthegamelastnight.Thatwasbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.

Bobhadseenthefilmbefore.Thatwaswhyhedidnotseeityesterday.7.需使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在advice,suggestion,order,proposal等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。

e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Answerthefollowingquestionsusingtheinformationfromthereadingpassageaswellasthepredicativeclauses.WhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld?→WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.1.WhatwasSnow'sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?Snow'sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondonwasthat____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________.2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?

WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhy________________________________________________________________________________________________________.thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaystheoutbreakofcholerahadcausedover500deathswithintendays3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap?TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwerewhere___________________________________________________.4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced?Snow'sfindingwasthat______________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________.allthosewhodiedhadlived/allthedeadpeoplehadlivedthewaterpumpwastoblameforthespreadofcholera/thepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms/waterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywasteDavidistalkingtoMariaabouttheirscientificresearchproject.FirstcompleteDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox.ThenputDavid’slinesinthecorrectorderandpractisetheconversation.asif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherA.Absolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas________happenedattheinitialstageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.whatB.Yes,itis.Anditseemed_______allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas_____wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C.Exactly.Theproblemwasnotabout________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding_______________theorytodependupon.asifthatasif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherwhich/what/whosewhetherD.Werealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather______wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E.You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas______wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.which/whathowasif,that,what,who,when,how,why,whose,which,whetherwhyMaria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:

Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:

Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance. A.Absolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.C.Exactly.Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhosetheorytodependupon.David:Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:

B.Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.E.You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:

D.Werealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!I.

根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。1.Ourrecentf________areinlinewiththoseofanearlierstudy.2.Atthei________stageoftheprojectnoteveryonehadaccesstoacomputer.3.Ascientistmustproduces________evidenceinsupportofatheory.findingsinitialsolid

4.Thisworkinvestigatesexisting_______________________________________________(思维能力的理论框架).5.Allv________havesometypeof________(蛋白质)ontheoutsidecoatthatrecognizestheproperhost________(细胞).theoreticalframeworks

ofthinkingskillsviruses;protein