小升初英语复习课程讲义：被动语态

第六讲：被动语态

一、【考点解读】

动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要内容，因此在小升初英语考试中作为衔接内

容而出现，对于准初中生而言是难点和易错点。因此希望小升初的学生能认真结合解读，仔

细把握被动语态的学习要领，结合小升初的最新模拟真题，做到融会贯通，举一反三。

二、【知识讲解】

知识点1——被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态

表示主语是动作的承受者。

一、被动语态的构成

英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人

称和数量保持••致，并有时态的变化。

例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.

Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.

二、被动语态的用法

（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：

Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.

（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用

被动语态。例如：

Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.

（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主

语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词I。

或for。

例如：Thepianistgavethepupils（间接宾语）someadvice（直接宾语）

—►Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—>Someadvicewasgiventothe

pupilsbythepianist.

（4）在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语

补足语，动词不定式不加I。。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：Thebossmadetheirworktenhoursaday.—>Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.

Aboysawhimenterthehouse.—»Hewasseentoenterthehouse.

三、被动语态中谓语动词的原形是be+done

be随着时态的变化而发生变化。以下是主动语态和被动语态中谓语动词的形式：

名称主动语态谓语动词形式被动语态谓语动词形式

一般现在时态v/vsAm/is/are+done

一般过去时态VedWas/were+done

一般将来时态Will+vWillbe+done

现在进行时态Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done

现在完成时态Have/has+过去分词Have/hasbeen+done

2）情态动词

情态动词主动语态被动语态

can(not)

may(not)+dosth+bedone

must(not)

常见的句型结构：

Itis(was)agrccd(bclicvcd/dccidcd/hopcd/thought.....)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、

认为)......

Itis(was)wellknown(hat.....众所周知

Ilis(was)(akenforgrantedthat......被视为当然

Itmustberememberedthat.....务必记住...

Itmustrftbeforgottenthat.....千万别忘记...

Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that.....据说(报道、听说、告知、建议...)

注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：

一.带有感官动词和使役动词的句子如何变被动语态

动词主动形式被动形式

letletsbdosth(sb)belettodosth

makemakesbdosth(sb)bemadetodosth

seeseesbdosth(sb)beseentodosth

watchwatchsbdosth(sb)bewatchedtodosth

hearhearsbdosth(sb)beheardtodosth

二.有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态)

I)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,cometrue,failasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)系动词无被动语态：

appear,be,become,fall,feci,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,

3)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit.have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch»agreewith,arriveal/in.shakehands

with,succeedin.sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belong(o

4)系动词无被动语态：

appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,

turn

5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用丁被动语态。

Iwanttogonow.

三.主动表示被动的几种情况

1)有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。

这本书销路很好。Thisbooksellswell.

这本小说读起来很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell

肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.

止匕类词还有lock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw

2)有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。

Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.

Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuill.

3）介词短语作表语，主前表示被动。

Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.

Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.

Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.

三、【典例探究】

【例题】：

()1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.

AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willhold

()2.Intheartshow,alotoflaughtertoforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.

A.isgivingBwasgivenCwillgiveD

hasgive

()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itinmanyschoolsaround

theworld.

A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught

()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,as"People'sWriter".

A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards

()5.UsuallycomputerstosearchtheInternet.

A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used

()6.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

-Yes.ourclassroomeveryday.

A.itcleansB.wearecleansC.weclean

一般现在时

1［答案］Ao［解析］考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次“可见须用一般现在时

的被动语态，故排除了B、C、Do

2［答案］B。［解析］本题考查被动语态，句中aMWcnjoymcnl是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术

展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”

3［答案］D,［解析｝考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的

特性，不能用被动语态。

4［答案］A。［解析］选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。

5［答案］Co［解析］从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。

6［答案］C。［解析］考告被引谓态物作主语，•般要考虑被动谓态。但如果动词指的是物的特

性，不能用被动语态。

()7.•DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?

一Yes.Infact,it.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround.

A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute

()8.—Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.

—You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreto

protect(保护)theearth.

A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted

()9.Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingsto

cheerthemup.

A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided

一般i寸去时

7［答案］考查被动语态,物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，

不能用被动语态。

8［答案］B。［解析］从句意：“……自从，地球日，开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事

保护环境。”可知，“地球十'的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为wasstarted故

选Bo

9［答案JC。［解析］本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语

态的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings.”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。

四、【课堂运用】

【基础】

【练习1】

I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)

1.Over$30,000loiachildrun,hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmoiilhsago.

A)israisedB)wasraisedC)willberaisedD)hasbeenraised

2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmokingverysoon.

A)madeB)willmakeC)weremadeD)willbemade

3.Manyhousesinthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!

A)weredamagedB)damageC)weredamagingD)damaged

4.1hatbuildingispartofShanghai'shistory.Itmanyyearsago.

A)builtB)buildsC)isbuiltD)wasbuilt

5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.

A)pulldownB)willbepulleddownC)willpulldownD)arepulled

down

6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor.

A)waslockedB)islockedC)willbelockedD)shouldbe

locked

7.HalfoftheBeijing'sprivatecarsofftheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.

A)orderB)areorderedC)orderedD)wereordered

8.Thegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.

A)weretaughtB)willbetaughtC)aretaughtD)havebeen

taught

9.TomandhissistertothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.

A)haveinvitedB)wereinvitedC)wereinvitingD)invited

10.—Doyoubelieve(herearealiens?

"I'mafraidnot.Idon'tthinkaliensinspace.

A)canfindB)canbefoundC)canbefoundedD)can'tbefound

11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilittwiceorthreetimes.

A)explainsB)isexplainedC)willbeexplainedD)hasexplained

12.—PeoplesaythesubwaybuildinginHarbininafewyears.

一Sounds.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.

A)willfinish;interestingB)isfinished;interested

C)willbefinished;interestingD)wouldbefinished;interesting

13.—Iwaulloknowwlicuhaveafieldtrip.

—We'llhaveitwhenallthework.

A)youare;willfinishB)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinishedD)youwill;isfinish

14.Oh.thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit?

A)builtB)wasbuiltC)hasbuiltD)hasbeenbuilt

15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—Fmsorry,butIwhentomeet.

A)don'ttellB)didn'ttellC)haven'ttoldD)wasn'ttold

16.Thethiefonthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.

A)willbecaughtB)iscaughtC)wascaughtD)hasbeen

caught

17.BlackteainChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.

A)inventedB)wasinventedC)isinventedD)isinventing

【答案】B;2.D;3.A;4.D5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A；9.B;10.B;11.B;12.C;13.C;14.B;15.

D;16.C;I7.B

【练习2】

I.Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.

1.YangpuBridge(build)in1993.

2.Moremoney(spend)oneducationnextyear.

3.Alotofwater(waste)everyyear.It'saseriousproblem.

4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.

5.Whenwegotto(helop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe(tell)lobeearlierthenext

time.

6.“Remember,nobody(allow)toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,''theassistant

saidtothenewstudents.

7.Largeamountsofinformation(store)inthecomputer.

8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar(paint).

9.Thewoundedsoldiers(operate)onnow.

10.Hundredsof(hebooks(borrow)fromthelibraryin(hepastthreedays.

11.1(tell)thatJimwouldcomebackfromNev/Yorkintwodays.

12.Themanagersaidtheprojectbytheendoftheyear,(complete)

13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarassoonaspossible,(mend)

14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketsout.(sell)

15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.Hetobeagreatleader.

(consider)

16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthatonthefloorof

thehall,(drop)

17.Heisoftenmadethetableafterdinner,(clean)

【答案】1.wasbuilt;2,willbespent;3.iswasted4.wouldbesent;5.arctold;6.isallowed;

7.isstored8.hadbeenpainted;9.areoperated;10.havebeenborrowed;11.wastold12.

wouldbecoinplutud/wouldhavebeencumpluicd;13.wouldbeinundcd;14.hadbeensold;15.

hadbeenconsidered;16hadbeendropped;17.toclean

【巩固】

【练习1】

1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfounded

C.isfoundedD.wasfound

2EnglishinCanada.

A.speaksB.arcspokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

3ThisEnglishsong__bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensang

C.isoftensangD.isoftensung

4Thiskindofcar__inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

5Newcomputers__allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.arcusingC.arcusedD.haveused

答案：L5BDDDC

【练习2]

1Ourroommust__clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

2-I'dliketobuythatcoat."I'msorry.__.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

3Anewhouse__atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

4Thekey__on(hetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

5Doctors__ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.arcneedingC.arcneededD.willneed

6Hisnewbook__nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

答案：1-6BCBBCA

【拔高】

【练习1]

1Japanese__ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arcspoken

C.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

2Thesepapers__yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

3Thesportsmeet__behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

答案：1-3ABB

【练习2]

1-Myshoesarewornout..

A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?

2thewaluhbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedil.

A.DocsB.HasC.IsD.Arc

3thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

答案：1-3ABA

五、【课后巩固】

【习题1】

1Why__totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

2Whowasthebook__?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

3Where__theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

答案：1-3BDB

【习题2】

1.—Howlongatthisjob?

—Since1990.

A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployed

C.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed

2.一Whathappenedto(hepricelessworksofart?

A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake

B.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem

C.Theydestroyedintheearthquake

D.Theearthquakedestroyedthem

3.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinner

(able20yearsfromnow.

A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havelo

C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto

4.——Duyouliketheuialcrial?

—Yes,itverysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

5.1needonemorescampbeforemycollection.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

6.Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwe'rereadytostart.

A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted

7.Hundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.

A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose

8.Anewcinemahere.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.

A.willbebuiltB.isbuihC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt

9.Aftertheclass>thestudentswentoutof(heclassroomonebyone,butonlyMary

A.leftB.hadleftC.wasleavingD.wasleft

10.Theteacher(old(hestudentsthattheytobeusefulmento(hecountry.

A.wereallexpectedB.wereallexpecting

C.allwereexpectedD.allexpected

11.Heinashowerlastnightandgotwetthrough.

A.caughtB.wascaughtC.hadcaughtD.caughtup

12.Thethiefwhenhewasstealingawalletfromawoman.

A.happenedtonoticeB.wastakenplacetonotice

C.washappenediobenoticedD.happenedtobenoticed

13.Heandwasmadetorepeatit.

A.didn'tunderstandB.didn'tbeunderstood

C.wasn'tunderstandD.wasn'tunderstood

14.Thepupilshereallkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfewweeks.

A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoing

C.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing

15.一WhatwereyoudoingwhenTomcametoseeyou?

—Ionmyovercoatandtovisitafriendofmine.

A.havejustput;leavingB.wasput;wasleft

C.hadjustput;wasleavingD.waspulling;left

16.Theysaidgood-bye,hardlyknowingthattheyagain.

A.werenevermetB.willnevermeetC.nevermetD.werenevertomeet

17.一Whathappenedlothepostman?

一Idon'tknow.Hearoundhereforalongtime.

A.hasn'tseenB.didn'tseeC.wasn'tseenD.hasn'tbeenseen

18.Don'tgetthatinkonyourshirt,torit.

A.won'twashoutB.won'tbewashedout

C.isn'twashedoutD.doesn'twashaway

19.—DoyouknowanyoneinParis?

—No.I'llmakefriendsonce.

A.I'msettledB.ihavesettledC.I'llbesettledD.I'msettling

20.Nothavingfinishedhishomework,towatchTV.

A.MotherforbadehimB.sohewasforbidden

C.andhewantedD.hewasforbidden

21.—Bob.youonthephone.

A.areneeded:I'mcomingB.arewanted;Coming

C.arccalled:I'llcomeDarcrungup:Thanks

22.E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.

A.isbeingplayedB.areplayingC.haveplayedD.isplaying

23.Jacksontoworkingovernmentofficethoughhehatedservingthere.

A.wantedB.waswantedC.waswantingD.hadwanted

24.Yourcoughoughtbeforeitgetsworse.

A.toseeB.tobeseenC.toseetoD.tobeseento

25.—I'mgoingawayfortheweekend.

—Butyouyououttodinnerwithme.

A.say;willcomeB.say;came

C.said;wouldcomeD.havesaid;willmade

26.1don'tknowwhatdecisionsattheconferenceasJohnhasn'treportedtomeyet.

A.wouldmakeB.willniiikcC.arcmadeD.weremade

27.—Wouldyouhavecometohishelp,hadyoubeenfree?

一Yes.ButIengaged.

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe

答案：LB从答语Since1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示”从过去一

直到现在”，因此本空用现在完成时。

2.A本题考0:时态语态与习惯表达。第•个说话人问的是发生在thepricelessworksofart的

事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将they放在主语的位置上，they与destroy间为被动关系,

在这里叙述过去的事情，为此最佳答案是A。

3.A在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还要注意cityr.oises

和keep是被动关系

4.C从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结