必修三Unit4-Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars--天文学：恒星科学

必修三Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars——天文学：恒星科学基础盘点自测自评核心单词1.Theyarebothteachers.Otherwisetheyare____________(不同).2.Therearemanydifferent____________(方法)tosolvethisproblem.unlikemethods3．Wehavelearntthatoceanscovertwothirdsofthe____________(表面)oftheearth.4．Hehasfinishedhisnewbookanditwillbe____________(出版)nextmonth.surfacepublished5．Doyouthinkoureducation____________(制度)needsimproving?6．Iagreewithyouin____________(理论)，butpracticallyIdon’tthinkwehavethetimetodothat.systemtheory7．Thousandsofturtlesdragthemselvesontothebeachand____________(下蛋)theireggsinthesand.8．Inoticedherlookingatmewitha____________(迷惑的)stare.laypuzzled9．用harm的适当形式填空(1)Airpollutionwillgetworseandthiswillbe__________topeople，forexample，itcancausecancer.(2)Rubbishcanbechangedinto____________things.harmfulharmless(3)Don’t_______________youreyesbyreadinginthedimlight.10．Lastnightwehadadiscussion，whichbecamemoreandmore______________.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruse______________whateverhappens.(violent)harmviolentviolence高频短语1．________________及时，终于2．________________下蛋3．________________产生；分娩4．________________轮到某人；接着intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone’sturn5．________________阻止；制止6．________________挡住(光线)7．________________感到高兴；感到振奋8．________________既然9．________________突发；爆发10．________________密切注视；当心；提防prevent...fromblockoutcheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchout典型句式1．what引导的主语从句____________________(它会变成什么样)wasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Whatitwastobecome2．so...that...如此……以至于……Theearthbecame_______________________(如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.soviolentthat3．it作形式宾语的用法Thisproducedachainreaction，which___________________________________(使得生命得以发展)．madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop4．英语倍数表示法ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarried________________(两倍远)ontheearthandfellover.twiceasfaras主语从句1．(2012·福建四地六校联考)________isknowntousallisthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.A．As

B．ItC．ThatD．What单元语法解析：选D。考查主语从句。What在这里引导主语从句，选D项。此题要注意分析句子结构，如果题目改为：①________isknowntousall，theChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.该句空处应用As，As引导非限制性定语从句；②________isknowntousallthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.该句空处则应用It，It作形式主语。2．(2012·河南四市联考)________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A．What B．IfC．That D．Whether解析：选C。考查主语从句。That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；What引导主语从句时充当句子成分；If不能引导主语从句；Whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知C项正确。3．(2012·河北重点中学联考)________surprisesusmostisthatshedoesn’tevenknow________thedifferencebetweenthetwolies.A．What；where

B．All；whichC．What；that D．That；where解析：选A。考查名词性从句。句意为：让我们最吃惊的是她竟然不知道两者的区别在哪儿。“Whatsurprisesusmost”是主语从句，What在从句中作主语；“wherethedifferencebetweenthetwolies”是宾语从句，where表示的是抽象地点。4．(2012·福建质检)Itneveroccurredtohumansuntilthemid­1990s________someanimalscanbecloned.A．where B．thatC．when D．what解析：选B。考查名词性从句。本句中的It作形式主语，真正的主语是someanimalscanbecloned，根据名词性从句“缺什么，补什么”的原则,此处主语从句中不缺成分，所以只填连接词that，选B项。5．(2012·唐山二模)Itmakeshislifequitedifferent______hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.A．that B．whichC．what D．how解析：选A。考查主语从句。本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。考点串讲讲练互动单词精研1exist

vi.

存在，生存(教材P26)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。归纳拓展①(牛津P697)Theycan’texistonthemoneyhe’searning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。②Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblemingeography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。③Nooneknowshowthisworld

.没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。came_into_existence2puzzle

n.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材P27)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。归纳拓展辨析puzzle/questionpuzzle令人迷惑的、难以理解或回答的问题。question主观提出的或需解决、决定的问题。①(牛津P1616)Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。②Thepolicearestill

howtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。puzzling_about/over

③Scientistshavebeentryingtosolvethispuzzleforyears.多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。④(牛津P1616)Helooked

soIrepeatedthequestion.他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。puzzled3pull

n.&vt.

拉(力)；拖；牵引力(教材P30)Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pulldown拆毁；摧毁pullin(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pullout驶出；退出pullthrough康复；痊愈归纳拓展①Hepulledthedooropenandrushedout.他拉开门，冲了出去。②(牛津P1604)Thepolicecarsignalledtousto

.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。pull_in③Wewavedasthetrainpulledoutofthestation.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。④ThedoctortoldmethatIwould

.医生告诉我，我会康复的。pull_through【助记】跟踪训练Ⅰ.选词填空system；harmful；exist；climate；pull1．Iconsiderit________forstudentstoplaycomputergames.harmful2．AsfarasIknow，theyarepaidhardlyenoughto_______on.3．Afocusandconcernon________changeisentirelyappropriate.existclimate4．Youhavetoenteryourpasswordbeforeenteringthis______.5．Cheerup！Takemoreexerciseeverydayandyouwill________through.systempullⅡ.单项填空1．Ifwehadn’tworkedsohard，suchagoodsituationwouldn’thave________inourfactory.A．Survived

B．livedC．had D．existed解析：选D。句意为：如果我们不努力工作的话，我们厂是不会出现这么好的形势的。survive表示“幸存”；live表示“生活”；have表示“有”，都不符合语意。exist表示“存在”，符合语意。2．(2012·淄博模拟)________acertaindoubtamongtheworkersastothenecessityofthework.A．ItexistedB．ThereexistedC．TherehadD．Ithad解析：选B。句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。Thereexists/existed...有；存在；相当于Therebe...结构。3．(2012·台州模拟)Iwasluckyenoughtogetonthetrainbeforeit________.A．pulledonB．pulleddownC．pulledinD．pulledout解析：选D。句意为：我很幸运在火车出站前坐上了车。pullout出站；pullon穿上；pulldown拆毁；pullin进站。短语精释1intime及时；终于，总有一天(教材P25)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展ontime准时；按时innotime立即；马上atatime一次；每次atonetime曾经；一度attimes有时aheadoftime提前takeone’stime别着急；慢慢来①(朗文P2162)Willyoubebackintimefordinner?你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？②Thekidswillbeleavinghome

.孩子们很快就要离开家了。in_no_time③(朗文P2162)Ishouldbeback

theshow.我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。④Thecompanyfiredhimfornotcomingtoworkontime.那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。in_time_to_watch2inone’sturn

轮到某人；接着(教材P26)Thustheyhave，intheirturn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。归纳拓展inturn依次，轮流；反之，反过来byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事①Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。②Thecustomerpraisedthemanager,whointurnpraisedhisstaff.顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。③Alltheoriesarefrompracticeand

servepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。④Now

lookafterthechildren.现在轮到你照看孩子了。in_turnit_is_your_turn_to

3prevent...from阻止；制止(教材P26)Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。归纳拓展①Oncehehasmadeuphismind，noonecanpreventhimfromcarryingouttheplan.一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。②(朗文P1612)Guardsstoodatthedoorstopreventanyonefromleaving.守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。③Measureshavebeentakento

.已采取措施保护河水不受污染。protect_the_rivers_from_being_polluted4cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋(教材P31)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。归纳拓展①(牛津P327)GiveMaryacall;sheneedscheeringup.给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。②Idohopeshecan

andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！cheer_up③Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdsto

theirsportsteams.她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。④(朗文P282)Thecrowdcheeredtheirfavouriterider(on)．观众向他们最喜欢的骑士喝彩加油。cheer跟踪训练Ⅰ.选词填空intime；cheerup；watchout；prevent...from；givebirthto1．____________forhistemper！He’snoteasytodealwith.Watchout2．WheneverI’mupset，shealwayshasagoodideatomakeme____________.3．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto____________theculturalrelics____________beingdamaged.cheeruppreventfrom4．Itwasthestudyofhistorythat_________________thesocialscience.5．Ifyoudon’tdevoteyourselftoyourstudies，you’llneverfinishthem____________.gavebirthtointimeⅡ.单项填空1．Doyouthinkwe’llbe________tocatchthetrainifwegetupearly?A．inorder

B．soasC．intime D．incase解析：选C。句意为：你认为如果早点起床我们能及时赶上火车吗？inorderto与soasto表示目的，incase后接从句，用在此处不合适；intime及时，符合语意。2．Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnothingcan______himdyingoflungcancer.A．prevent B．keepC．protect D．prefer解析：选A。prevent...(from)doing为固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”。3．(2012·大连检测)Afterwefinishthedesigning，thecompany，________itsturn，shoulddotheconstructingwork.A．in B．onC．at D．for解析：选A。句意为：我们完成设计后就该由公司来进行建设了。inone’sturn固定搭配，意思是“轮到某人，接着”。4．—YouarealwayssittingtherewatchingTV.________，let’sgooutforawalk，shallwe?—OK，butjustamoment.Thefootballgameisjustover.A．Takeyourtime B．CheerupC．Takeiteasy D．Comeon解析：选D。考查交际用语。前半句句意为：你总是坐在那里看电视。走吧,咱们出去散散步，好吗？comeon在此表示责备或不耐烦，意为“来吧,得啦,走吧”。takeyourtime不着急；cheerup高兴点；takeiteasy别紧张。1(教材P31)“...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow_thatgravityhaschanged.”“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”句型精析【点津】

nowthat由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。①Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you’dbetterhavearest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。②

theweatherisfine，let’sgoforaride.既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。Now_(that)

③Nowyouhavegrownup，youcanmakeupyourmindbyyourself.你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。2(教材P31)ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。【点津】倍数的表达方式：(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A＋倍数＋thesize/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。,(4)A＋倍数＋what从句。①There

inourlibrary

inyours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。②Ourcityhasexperiencedtwiceasmuchrainthisyearasitdidlastyear.我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。are_five_times_more_booksthan③Myhouseistwicethesizeofmyparents’．我的房子是我父母的两倍大。④Theproductionnowis

itwastenyearsago.现在的产量是10