必修4第三单元语法

必修4第三单元语法

1、-ing形式作表语

1)-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。如：

Herhobbyis

painting.

她的业余爱好是画画。

Myjobis

lookingafterthechildren.

我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。

2)–ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：

Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.

他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hiswordsareencouraging.

他的话很鼓舞人。2、-ing形式作定语

1).说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：

buildingmaterials

=materialsforbuilding建筑材料

drinkingwater

=waterfordrinking饮用水areadingroom

=aroomforreading阅览室

2).说明被修饰名词的性质和特征，如：

tiringmusic

=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult

=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果

3).表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.

我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。

Wecanseetherisingsun.1)单个-ing形式作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之前,-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：

Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.

=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.

他们住在一间面朝街的房子。Theman

standingthere

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Attention2)V-ing,过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：

Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.正在举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.昨天举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.明天要举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.Attention3、-ing形式作宾语补足语

1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.我发现地板上放着一个包。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.那老板让工人整夜地工作。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.

2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.

=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.3).能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:

a.感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.b.使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohave

keptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.1.The______boywaslastseen______nearthebankofthelake.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay解析：missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”。waslastseenplaying表示被看见时正在玩。高考链接2.MrSmith,______ofthe______speech,startedtoreadanovel.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring

解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。tired,moved,interestedexcited等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring,moving,interesting,exciting等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌倦了，所以开始读起一本小说来”。

Pleasereadthesentencescarefully,tryingtopickouttheerrorsandthencorrectthem.1.IamlookingforwardtovisitCharlieChaplinMuseuminSwitzerlandnextweek.visiting2.ManypeoplestillenjoyseeingCharlieChaplin’ssilentfilms.3.ThatcartoonpictureshowsCharlieChaplinwatchhimselfwatchingamovie.4.Charlie’snonverbalhumoroftenmakespeopleburstingwithlaughter.

√watchingburst

5.WeareallfondofCharlie’searlyfilms,whichwethinkaremoreinterested.6.ImissedtoseethebeginningofthefilmCityLightstheotherday.

7.Iwouldn’tmindtoseeTheGoldRushagainwithyoutonight.8.Charlie’sjobwasentertainpeople,wasn’the?interestingseeingseeingentertaining

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.torun

2.John’sbadhabitis_____withoutthoroughunderstanding.

A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading3.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.towait4.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.tosmile5.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.A.hurry B.hurrying C.tohurry D.hurried6.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.lay B.lain C.layingD.lying7.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosailC.sailing D.tohavesailed8.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.

A.needsrepairing B.needingrepaired

C.neededrepairing D.needingtoberepaired9.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.

A.flying;tosleep B.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleeping D.tofly;tosleep10.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______butthedoor_______.A.beingon;shut