2025-2026学年四川省成都市郫都区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1四川省成都市郫都区2025-2026学年高二上学期期中英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APanamaCity,PanamaForbeachvacationsthatgetyououtoftownandinviteyouandyourfamilytodiveintoculture,consideratriptoPanamaCity.Here,youwillenjoybeachesandcityexploring.BookyourstayattheWestinPlayaBonita,whereyoucanbookaroomstartingat$222anight.Therearevariousprograms,includingbeachOlympics,starobservationandSpanishlessons.Jupiter,FloridaThisplaceoffersyouqualitytimeyoucanspendwithyourlovedones.BookyourstayatJupiterBeachResort,withratesforafamilyoffourstartingat$207anight.Here,youcanshootbasketsatthebasketballcourts,takeadipinthepoolorteachyourchildrenbeachyoga.SanDiego,CaliforniaTheWestCoastisagreatspotforcheapbeachvacations,sotellyourfamilytopacktheirbagsforavisittoSanDiego.Acheap$10UberridefromtheairportwillhaveyoupullupattheKonaKaiResort.Here,afamilyoffourcanstayinaLuxeGuestRoomstartingat$159pernight.Yourkidscanpracticecannonballsatthepoolafteravisittotheworld-famousSanDiegoZoo.Kihei,HawaiiForwestcoasterswhoaregrowingboredwiththeirbackyard,flytotheislandsofHawaii.StayattheAstonattheMauiBanyan,withachargeof$179anightforafamilyoffour.Here,you’llseesomeofthebestsunsetsofyourlifewhileyourkidsplayinthePacific.Andifyousetaboutcookingafancymeal,you’llenjoysuitesthatcomewithafullkitchen.1.Whichplacebestsuitspeopleinterestedinastronomy?A.PanamaCity,Panama. B.SanDiego,California.C.Jupiter,Florida. D.Kihei,Hawaii.2.Whichofthefollowingcostsyouleastanight?A.WestinPlayaBonita. B.JupiterBeachResort.C.KonaKaiResort. D.AstonattheMauiBanyan.3.Whatdothefourattractionshaveincommon?A.Theyallhaveprivatebeaches. B.Theyareallintendedforfamilytrips.C.Theyallofferroomswithafullkitchen. D.Theyalloffercheapairporttransportation.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合家庭海滨度假的目的地，涵盖其特色活动、住宿价格及亲子服务等。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据PanamaCity,Panama中的“Therearevariousprograms,includingbeachOlympics,starobservationandSpanishlessons.(这里有丰富的活动，包括沙滩奥运会、观星和西班牙语课程。)”可知，巴拿马城的活动包含观星项目，适合天文爱好者。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据PanamaCity,Panama中的“BookyourstayattheWestinPlayaBonita,whereyoucanbookaroomstartingat$222anight.(预订WestinPlayaBonita的房间，每晚222美元起。)”、Jupiter,Florida中的“BookyourstayatJupiterBeachResort,withratesforafamilyoffourstartingat$207anight.(预订JupiterBeachResort，四口之家每晚207美元起。)”、SanDiego,California中的“Acheap$10UberridefromtheairportwillhaveyoupullupattheKonaKaiResort.Here,afamilyoffourcanstayinaLuxeGuestRoomstartingat$159pernight.(从机场搭乘便宜的10美元优步，你会在KonaKaiResort停车。在这里，一个四口之家可以入住每晚159美元起的豪华客房。)”和Kihei,Hawaii中的“StayattheAstonattheMauiBanyan,withachargeof$179anightforafamilyoffour.(住在毛伊岛Banyan的Aston，一家四口每晚收费179美元。)”可知，圣地亚哥的KonaKai度假村每晚159美元，价格最低。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据PanamaCity,Panama中的“Forbeachvacationsthatgetyououtoftownandinviteyouandyourfamilytodiveintoculture,consideratriptoPanamaCity.(如果你想去海滩度假，并邀请你和你的家人深入了解当地文化，可以考虑去巴拿马城。)”、Jupiter,Florida中的“Here,youcanshootbasketsatthebasketballcourts,takeadipinthepoolorteachyourchildrenbeachyoga.(在这里，你可以在篮球场投篮，在游泳池里泡一泡，或者教你的孩子做沙滩瑜伽。)”、SanDiego,California中的“TheWestCoastisagreatspotforcheapbeachvacations,sotellyourfamilytopacktheirbagsforavisittoSanDiego.(西海岸是廉价海滩度假的好地方，所以告诉你的家人收拾行李去圣地亚哥。)”和Kihei,Hawaii中的“Here,you’llseesomeofthebestsunsetsofyourlifewhileyourkidsplayinthePacific.(在这里，当你的孩子在太平洋上玩耍时，你会看到你一生中最美好的日落。)”可知，四地均以家庭为核心目标群体，均适合家庭旅行。故选B项。BErinWillman,wholosthersightatfifteen,facedmanychallengesaspeopleoftentoldherwhatshecannotdo,butshewantedtoshowthemwhatshecando.Turneddownfromjobapplicationsduetoherblindness,Erindecidedtocreateherownpath.Withinayear,sheestablishedWhiteCaneCoffee,becomingitsCEOandprovingthatherdisabilitywouldnotstopherambitions.Beyondsellinghigh-qualitycoffee,thecompanyalsocreatesemploymentopportunitiesforblindanddisabledindividuals,equippingthemwithvaluableskillsandboostingtheirconfidence.Thecompany’scommitmenttoinclusivenessisevidentinitsuniqueproductlabeling:eachpackagefeaturessymbolsdesignedfortheblind,makingitoneofthepioneeringcompaniestolabelallproductsthisway.ThisaddressesErin’sbeliefthatvisuallydisabledindividualsshouldbeabletoshopindependently.Thecompanyprovidesjobsatalivablewage,offeringfreedomsandenrichingthelivesofemployeeswhoareoftenunfairlytreated.Erin’steamemphasizesthattheirmissiongoesbeyondwages—itinstills(注入)hopeanddemonstratesthevalueofeveryemployeeaspartofalargereffort.ProfitsfromWhiteCaneCoffeedomorethanjustsupportthestaff;theyalsocontributetoleaderdogtraining,communityworkwithchildren,andfund-raisingfornon-profits.Erinprioritizessocialimpactovermaterialwealth,aimingtouseherpositiontoimprovelives.Erinandherteamhopetocontinuetocreateadditionaljobs,whichwillhelpevenmorepeoplebecomeindependent.Tothatend,theyareworkingonsomeveryexcitingprojectstohelpgainthefootingnecessarytojumptothenextlevelasacompany.4.WhatmadeErindecidetostartherowncoffeecompany?A.Tomakealiving. B.Tohelpthoseinneed.C.Toshowherabilities. D.Toprovethedisabledarebetter.5.WhatmakesWhiteCaneCoffee’sproductsunique?A.Lowpriceofcoffee. B.Highqualityofcoffee.C.Freepackageforblindcustomers. D.Convenienceforblindcustomers.6.Howdoesthiscompanycontributetosociety?A.Byofferingwell-paidjobs. B.Byfoundingnon-profitorganizations.C.Byshowingthevalueofthedisabled. D.Byfocusingonthestaff’spersonalsuccess.7.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeErin?A.Honestandambitious. B.Competitiveandcautious.C.Determinedandconsiderate. D.Curiousandindependent.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了盲人女性ErinWillman克服困难，创办WhiteCaneCoffee，不仅实现个人梦想，还为盲人和残疾人提供就业机会，推动社会包容性的故事。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“ErinWillman,wholosthersightatfifteen,facedmanychallengesaspeopleoftentoldherwhatshecannotdo,butshewantedtoshowthemwhatshecando.Turneddownfromjobapplicationsduetoherblindness,Erindecidedtocreateherownpath.Withinayear,sheestablishedWhiteCaneCoffee,becomingitsCEOandprovingthatherdisabilitywouldnotstopherambitions.(艾琳·威尔曼在15岁时失明，她面临着许多挑战，因为人们经常告诉她她不能做什么，但她想向他们展示她能做什么。由于失明，艾琳在求职时被拒绝，她决定开创自己的道路。在一年内，她成立了白手杖咖啡公司，并成为其首席执行官，并证明了她的残疾不会阻止她的雄心壮志)”可知，为了展示她能做什么，让艾琳决定创办自己的咖啡公司。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thecompany’scommitmenttoinclusivenessisevidentinitsuniqueproductlabeling:eachpackagefeaturessymbolsdesignedfortheblind,makingitoneofthepioneeringcompaniestolabelallproductsthisway.ThisaddressesErin’sbeliefthatvisuallydisabledindividualsshouldbeabletoshopindependently.(公司对包容性的承诺体现在其独特的产品标签上：每个包装上都有为盲人设计的符号，使其成为以这种方式标记所有产品的先驱公司之一。这体现了艾琳的信念，即视力残疾的人应该能够独立购物)”可知，方便盲人顾客让白手杖咖啡的产品与众不同。故选D项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecompanyprovidesjobsatalivablewage,offeringfreedomsandenrichingthelivesofemployeeswhoareoftenunfairlytreated.Erin’steamemphasizesthattheirmissiongoesbeyondwages—itinstills(注入)hopeanddemonstratesthevalueofeveryemployeeaspartofalargereffort.(该公司提供工资可维持生活的工作，为经常受到不公平待遇的员工提供自由，丰富他们的生活。艾琳的团队强调，他们的使命不仅仅是工资，而是灌输希望，并展示每一位员工作为更大努力的一部分的价值)”可知，该公司通过展示残疾人的价值来对社会做贡献。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ErinWillman,wholosthersightatfifteen,facedmanychallengesaspeopleoftentoldherwhatshecannotdo,butshewantedtoshowthemwhatshecando.(艾琳·威尔曼在15岁时失明，她面临着许多挑战，因为人们经常告诉她她不能做什么，但她想向他们展示她能做什么)”可知，Erin虽然失明，但面对挑战不屈不挠，决心向人们展示自己的能力，说明她意志坚定；以及根据第三段中“Thecompanyprovidesjobsatalivablewage,offeringfreedomsandenrichingthelivesofemployeeswhoareoftenunfairlytreated.(该公司提供工资可维持生活的工作，为经常受到不公平待遇的员工提供自由，丰富他们的生活)”和第四段“Erinprioritizessocialimpactovermaterialwealth,aimingtouseherpositiontoimprovelives.Erinandherteamhopetocontinuetocreateadditionaljobs,whichwillhelpevenmorepeoplebecomeindependent.(艾琳优先考虑社会影响，而不是物质财富，她的目标是利用自己的地位改善生活。艾琳和她的团队希望继续创造更多的就业机会，这将帮助更多的人变得独立)”可知，Erin不仅关注自己的成功，还致力于为盲人和残疾人提供就业机会，帮助更多的人变得独立，说明她体贴周到。因此，Erin可以用“意志坚定且体贴周到”来形容。故选C项。CIt’saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritagerestorersattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Theteamiscommittedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite.TheculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceovercenturiesontheancientSilkRoad.“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,istobetterpreservethecaves,whichpromotesthegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.Commonlyseen“diseases”affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandchipping(裂痕),aswellaserosion(侵蚀)thatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandmoistureofthecaves.Torestoreamuralrequiresamulti-talentedindividual,andrestorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofcraftandhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,tobeabletorecognizetheproblemsandtheircorrespondingcausesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,beforeformallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthecurrentsituationofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreatea“perfect”appearanceinrestoration.“Culturalrelicsarewitnessesofhistory,”explainsSu.“Whenyoupursuetheso-calledintact(完好的)lookforartisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”Caveconservationisaboutcontinuouslysolvingproblems.“Itneedsalong-termresearchtobetterpreservethecaves,overamuchwidertimespanthatgoesbeyondourlifetime,”Susays.Butatleast,theycankeepthecurrentlookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.8.WhydoestheDunhuangAcademyrestorethemurals?A.Topromoteculturalexchanges.B.TohelpstudytheancientSilkRoad.C.TospreadthespiritofDunhuangglobally.D.TokeepitonthelistofUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.9.Howdoestheauthorfeeltherestorationwork?A.Creative. B.Traditional. C.Risky. D.Demanding.10.WhatdoesSusuggestaboutrestoringmural?A.Itisadvisedtokeepitscurrentstate. B.Itissupposedtopursueaperfectlook.C.Itsmissingpartsshouldberestoredintime. D.Itcanberepaintedtofixitsappearance.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheSignificanceofMuralPreservation. B.TheArtisticCharmofMuralPaintings.C.TheMuralRestorationintheMogaoCaves. D.TheExperimentsonCaveConservation.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了敦煌研究院的文化遗产保护者对莫高窟文物的修复工作。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theteamiscommittedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite.TheculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceovercenturiesontheancientSilkRoad.“Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,istobetterpreservethecaves,whichpromotesthegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,”saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.(该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴的45,000平方米壁画和2,400多个彩绘雕塑。这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。“我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了更好地保护洞穴，这向世界弘扬了伟大的敦煌包容精神，激励了现代人，”敦煌研究院院长苏伯民说)”可知，敦煌研究院修复这些壁画的目的是向世界传播敦煌精神。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Torestoreamuralrequiresamulti-talentedindividual,andrestorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofcraftandhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,tobeabletorecognizetheproblemsandtheircorrespondingcausesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,beforeformallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.(修复壁画需要一个多面手，修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握手工技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果)”可推知，修复工作的要求是非常高的。故选D项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthecurrentsituationofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.(修复应尊重原作，以保持壁画的现状为目标，而不是重新粉刷)”和““Culturalrelicsarewitnessesofhistory,”explainsSu.“Whenyoupursuetheso-calledintact(完好的)lookforartisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning.”(“文物是历史的见证者，”苏解释说，“当你出于艺术的原因而追求所谓的完整外观时，你就会失去它们的关键意义。”)”可知，修复文物时应当保持其现状，而不是重新粉刷，追求完美。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritagerestorersattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.(这是一场与时间的赛跑，因为敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产修复人员都在努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力，莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产)”以及后文对修复工作的目的、要求等的介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是莫高窟的文物修复工作，所以C项“莫高窟的壁画修复”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。DEvolution(进化)canbringextraordinarymakeovers.Today’ssongbirdsevolvedfromthewinglessdinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomecreaturesseemtobeunchanged—inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,looksalmostthesameasits410-million-year-oldfossils.Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssomespeciesunchangedbyselectingforaveragequalities(stabilizingselection)ratherthanselectingformoreextremequalities(directionalselection)thatwouldcauseaspeciestochange.ButastudypublishedintheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAconflictswiththisidea,showingthatevolutionconstantlyoffersdifferentqualitiestothoseseeminglyunchanginganimalstoimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelongterm,though,“allthatevolutioncancelsout(相互抵消)andleadstonochange,”saysthestudy’sleadauthor,JamesStroud.Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedlizards(蜥蜴),allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.Theresearcherscaughtmembersoflizardgroupseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard’sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes,notingwhichindividualssurvived.Hesawclearerevidenceofdirectionalselection:somelizardswithuniquecharacteristics,suchasstickiertoes,survivedbetter.“Thestudyoffersagoodexplanation,”saysTadashiFukami,anecologiststudyingevolutionatStanfordUniversity.Manynewqualitiesareevolvingintheshortterm,buttheydon’tprovideacrucialadvantageoverthelongterm.Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchangedmaysimplyhavefoundthebestpossiblecombinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappenswhenthelizards’environmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisitthelizards.12.Whydoestheunderlinedword“makeover”refertoinparagraph1?A.Challenges. B.Benefits. C.Changes. D.Abilities.13.What’sthefocusofparagraph2?A.Acommonbelief. B.Anewdefinition.C.Unsolvedmysteries. D.Uniquecharacteristics.14.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudyofJamesStroud?A.Evolutioncauseslong-termphysicalchangesinlizardpopulations.B.Evolutionhelpslizardsdevelopnewspeciesovermillionsofyears.C.Evolutionpreventslizardsfromchangingtheirphysicalcharacteristics.D.Evolutionbringslizardsshort-termsurvivalqualitiesthatcanceloutovertime.15.WhatwillStroudprobablydointhefuture?A.Maketripstovisitlizardexperts. B.Summarizeaveragefeaturesoflizards.C.Revealthebestcombinationsofqualities. D.Examinelizardsunderextremeconditions.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“部分物种看似未经历进化”这一现象展开，先介绍相关背景与传统观点，再通过Stroud团队对蜥蜴的研究提出新解释，最后提及后续研究方向。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据后文“Today’ssongbirdsevolvedfromthewinglessdinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomecreaturesseemtobeunchanged—inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.(今天的鸣禽是从数百万年前漫游的无翼恐龙进化而来的。但有些生物似乎没有改变——换句话说，它们逃避了自然选择)”可知，进化意味着改变，而逃避了自然选择的物种则没有改变，推知makeovers应是“改变”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssomespeciesunchangedbyselectingforaveragequalities(stabilizingselection)ratherthanselectingformoreextremequalities(directionalselection)thatwouldcauseaspeciestochange.(长期以来，科学家们一直想知道这些物种是如何做到的。人们一直认为，自然选择通过选择平均品质（稳定选择）而不是选择导致物种变化的更极端品质（定向选择）来保持一些物种不变)”可知，整段核心围绕“自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择”这一“普遍认知”展开，因此段落重点是一种常见观点。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“ButastudypublishedintheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAconflictswiththisidea,showingthatevolutionconstantlyoffersdifferentqualitiestothoseseeminglyunchanginganimalstoimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelongterm,though,“allthatevolutioncancelsout(相互抵消)andleadstonochange,”saysthestudy’sleadauthor,JamesStroud.(但美国国家科学院发表的一项研究与这一观点相冲突，该研究表明，进化不断为那些看似不变的动物提供不同的品质，以提高短期生存能力。然而，从长远来看，“所有的进化都抵消了，不会导致任何变化，”该研究的主要作者JamesStroud说)”以及第四段“Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedlizards(蜥蜴),allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.(Stroud和他的同事们研究了蜥蜴，这些蜥蜴在2000万年的时间里都没有发生什么变化)”可知，进化给蜥蜴带来了短期的生存能力，但随着时间的推移，这些能力会被抵消。故选D项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sowhathappenswhenthelizards’environmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisitthelizards.(那么，当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈的变化时会发生什么呢？为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，Stroud仍在前往拜访蜥蜴)”可推知，Stroud未来可能会研究“环境剧烈变化（极端条件）下的蜥蜴”。故选D项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。InearlyOctober,TravisGiengertransportedahugepumpkinfromhishomeinMinnesotatotheWorldChampionshipPumpkinWeigh-OffinCalifornia.HispumpkinsettherecordforthebiggestoneevergrowninNorthAmerica.Howdocompetitivegrowersgettheirpumpkinstogrowtomassivesizes?___16___Gienger,whoteacheshorticulture(园艺学)atAnokaTechnicalCollege,beginsgrowinghispumpkinsinmid-April,startingwithseedsthathegrowsindoorsforthefirstfewweeks,whenMinnesota’ssoilistooicy.___17___Theycanabsorbsunlight,nutrientsfromthesoil,andwaterthere.“Attheirpeak,you’rewateringthemwithatleast600litersaday,”hesays.Dependingonthevariety,pumpkinplantscangrowuptoadozenfruitsonasinglevine(藤蔓).Buttomaximizesize,growersremoveallbutoneortwoofthesepumpkinsinordertodecreaseeachindividualfruit’scompetitionforresources.___18___Butwhatexactlyhappensinsideapumpkinasitgrows?Twofactorsdrivenaturalgrowth:celldivisionandcellexpansion.Celldivisionaccountsformostofthegrowthatthebeginningofafruit’slife.Thisperiodlastsforabout20daysinpumpkinplants.___19___Pumpkincellswillexpanduntilaround50or60daysafterpollination(授粉).___20___Somevarietiesofpumpkinshavebeenbredspecificallytomaximizetheirsize.Still,thereisgeneticvariationevenamongpumpkinsofthesamevariety.Thishasledtocompetitionforthebestseeds.Followingeachharvest,manygrowersauctionoff(拍卖掉)theseedsfromtheirbiggestpumpkins,whichwillthenbeusedforthefollowingyear’splantings.A.Biologyhastheanswers.B.Geneticsalsoinfluencespumpkingrowth.C.Thefollowingtipswillgiveyouaheadstart.D.Whenitstops,cellexpansionwillthentakeeffect.E.Onceitwarmsup,theplantsaretransferredoutside.F.Growersextendthegrowthperiodforaslongaspossible.G.Growersalsoremovetheweedsintheareaforthesamereason.【答案】16.A17.E18.G19.D20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过种植者TravisGienger的案例，从生物学角度解释了巨型南瓜的培育方法。【16题详析】前文“HispumpkinsettherecordforthebiggestoneevergrowninNorthAmerica.Howdocompetitivegrowersgettheirpumpkinstogrowtomassivesizes?(他的南瓜创造了北美有史以来最大南瓜的记录。有竞争力的种植者是如何让他们的南瓜长得很大的呢？)”提问如何种出巨型南瓜，后面段落主要从生物学角度进行解释，因此A项“Biologyhastheanswers.(生物学有答案。)”符合语境，给出问题的回答，承接前文的问题，统领后文的具体解释。故选A。【17题详析】前文“Gienger,whoteacheshorticulture(园艺学)atAnokaTechnicalCollege,beginsgrowinghispumpkinsinmid-April,startingwithseedsthathegrowsindoorsforthefirstfewweeks,whenMinnesota’ssoilistooicy.(在Anoka技术学院教授园艺学的Gienger从四月中旬开始种植南瓜，在明尼苏达州土壤过于冰冷的前几周，他先在室内种植种子。)”提到天气寒冷时Gienger先在室内培育种子，后文“Theycanabsorbsunlight,nutrientsfromthesoil,andwaterthere.(它们在那里可以吸收阳光，并从土壤中吸收养分和水分。)”描述植物在户外的生长细节，因此E项“Onceitwarmsup,theplantsaretransferredoutside.(一旦天气变暖，植物会被移栽到室外。)”符合语境，提到天气变暖时移栽这一步，承接前文的室内培育，过渡到后文的描述，其中的theplants是后文They指代的对象。故选E。【18题详析】前文“Dependingonthevariety,pumpkinplantscangrowuptoadozenfruitsonasinglevine(藤蔓).Buttomaximizesize,growersremoveallbutoneortwoofthesepumpkinsinordertodecreaseeachindividualfruit’scompetitionforresources.(根据品种的不同，南瓜植株可以在一根藤上长出12个果实。但为了最大限度地扩大南瓜的大小，种植者只保留一两个南瓜，以减少每个果实对资源的竞争。)”提到种植者只保留1到2个南瓜以减少资源竞争，因此G项“Growersalsoremovetheweedsintheareaforthesamereason.(出于同样原因，种植者也会清除杂草。)”符合语境，提到清除杂草这一做法，和前文构成递进关系，其中的thesamereason指代前文的“减少资源竞争”。故选G。【19题详析】前文“Celldivisionaccountsformostofthegrowthatthebeginningofafruit’slife.Thisperiodlastsforabout20daysinpumpkinplants.(细胞分裂是果实生长初期的主要过程。这个时期在南瓜植株中持续大约20天。)”指出南瓜生长初期依赖细胞分裂，后文“Pumpkincellswillexpanduntilaround50or60daysafterpollination(授粉).(南瓜的细胞会一直扩张，直到授粉后大约50～60天)”转而介绍南瓜的细胞扩张，因此D项“Whenitstops,cellexpansionwillthentakeeffect.(当它停止后，细胞扩张开始起作用。)”符合语境，介绍细胞扩张的开始时间，承前启后，其中的it指代前文的Celldivision。故选D。【20题详析】后文“Somevarietiesofpumpkinshavebeenbredspecificallytomaximizetheirsize.Still,thereisgeneticvariationevenamongpumpkinsofthesamevariety.(一些品种的南瓜是专门培育的，以最大限度地提高它们的大小。尽管如此，即使在同一品种的南瓜之间也存在遗传变异。)”讨论南瓜品种选育和基因竞争，因此B项“Geneticsalsoinfluencespumpkingrowth.(遗传因素也影响南瓜生长。)”符合语境，指出遗传因素的影响，统领后文的讨论。故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。EvenbeforeIopenedmyeyesIcouldtellthatthingshadgonewrong.Iwas___21___allover,butitwasnotthatserious.Checkingmybody,Iwasclearly___22___andcouldfeelmylegsdespitethepain,soitwasacceptable.Lyingthere,Ifeltstrangelycalmanditnever___23___methatIshouldtryandgetup.IknewI’dbetterkeepstill(不动),oritmightcausemore___24___tome.Thinkingalot,Ifoundmyselflucky,becauseI___25___onmybackwithmybackpack___26___mybody.Ilaytherealone,waitingfor___27___.Everythingwassilent.Suddenlyonevoicebrokethe___28___andgotlouderwitheveryrepetition.___29___,Iheardmyname.ItwasNick,mybrother!Hisvoiceseemedalongwayup.ThoughItriedtolookup,Icouldn’t___30___hisfiguresincemyeyesfeltalittlehurt.AllIcould___31___weresmallgreentreesfaraway.Undoubtedly,itwasanincredibly___32___climb.HowwasIgoingtogetout?WithNick’svoicecontinuing,I___33___toremaincalm.Hewas___34___thesamething—“Ollie,everythingwillbeOK.Helpisontheway!”Itriedhardto___35___himbut,totellthetruth,itwasn’tuntilIheardtheunmistakablesoundofahelicopterdrawingnearthatIreallydidbelieve.21.A.bleeding B.aching C.cold D.wet22.A.begging B.hiking C.standing D.breathing23.A.warned B.struck C.reminded D.confused24.A.damage B.oxygen C.addiction D.anger25.A.landed B.faced C.moved D.struggled26.A.guiding B.lifting C.supporting D.covering27.A.rescue B.signal C.sponsor D.operation28.A.embarrassment B.journey C.silence D.record29.A.Horribly B.Hurriedly C.Originally D.Eventually30.A.giveout B.makeout C.makeup D.putup31.A.see B.touch C.ignore D.obtain32.A.disappointing B.rewarding C.exciting D.difficult33.A.hesitated B.refused C.managed D.promised34.A.demonstrating B.repeating C.expecting D.acting35.A.assist B.seek C.leave D.believe【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.A26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在遭遇困境后，保持冷静并等待救援的经历，展现了面对困难时保持乐观和寻找积极面的重要性。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我浑身都痛，但不那么严重。A.bleeding流血的；B.aching疼痛的；C.cold寒冷的；D.wet潮湿的。根据后文“Checkingmybody,Iwasclearlyandcouldfeelmylegsdespitethepain,soitwasacceptable.”可知，作者身体不适，感到疼痛。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：检查我的身体，我显然还有呼吸，尽管疼痛，但我能感觉到我的腿，所以这是可以接受的。A.begging乞讨；B.hiking远足；C.standing站立；D.breathing呼吸。根据前文“butitwasnotthatserious”和“couldfeelmylegsdespitethepain,soitwasacceptable”可知，尽管很疼，但还能接受，说自己还有“呼吸”是幽默的表达。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：躺在那里，我感到奇怪的平静，我从来没有想过我应该试着站起来。A.warned警告；B.struck突然想到；C.reminded提醒；D.confused使困惑。根据前文“Ifeltstrangelycalm”和后文“IknewI’dbetterkeepstill”可知，作者知道自己最好保持不动，没有想过要试着站起来；itneverstrucksb.that...是固定句型，意为“某人从未想到……”。故选B项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我最好保持不动，否则可能会对我造成更大的伤害。A.damage损害；B.oxygen氧气；C.addiction上瘾；D.anger愤怒。根据前文“IknewI’dbetterkeepstill”可推知，作者知道自己最好保持不动，因为可能会对自己造成伤害。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：想了很多，我发现自己很幸运，因为我仰面着地，背包支撑着我的身体。A.landed着陆；B.faced面对；C.moved移动；D.struggled挣扎。根据前文“itnevermethatIshouldtryandgetup”可推知，作者倒在地上，此处指幸运的是仰面着地，背包支撑着他的身体。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：想了很多，我发现自己很幸运，因为我仰面着地，背包支撑着我的身体。A.guiding引导；B.lifting举起；C.supporting支持；D.covering覆盖。根据前文“becauseIonmybackwithmybackpack”可知，作者仰面着地，所以应是背包支撑着他的身体。故选C项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我独自躺在那里，等待救援。A.rescue救援；B.signal信号；C.sponsor赞助；D.operation操作。根据前文“EvenbeforeIopenedmyeyesIcouldtellthatthingshadgonewrong.Iwasallover,butitwasnotthatserious.”可知，作者出了意外，所以应是等待救援。故选A项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，一个声音打破了寂静，且随着每一次重复，声音变得越来越大。A.embarrassment尴尬；B.journey旅程；C.silence寂静；D.record记录。根据前文“Everythingwassilent.”可知，一切都很安静，所以是一个声音打破了寂静。故选C项。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我听到了我的名字。A.Horribly可怕地；B.Hurriedly匆忙地；C.Originally最初；D.Eventually最终。根据前文“gotlouderwitheveryrepetition”及后文“Iheardmyname”可知，声音越来越大，最后作者听到了自己的名字。故选D项。【30题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然我试图抬起头来，但我还是看不清他的身影，因为我的眼睛有点疼。A.giveout发出；B.makeout辨认出；C.makeup组成；D.putup张贴。根据后文“sincemyeyesfeltalittlehurt”可知，由于眼睛疼，所以看不清。故选B项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所能看到的只有远处的小绿树。A.see看见；B.touch触摸；C.ignore忽视；D.obtain获得。根据前文“Icouldn’thisfiguresincemyeyesfeltalittlehurt.”和后文“smallgreentreesfaraway”可知，作者看不清，只能看到远处绿色的小绿树。故选A项。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这是一次难以置信的艰难攀登。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.rewarding有回