2026春牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 7 International Charities 第 3 课时 Grammar导学案（学生版）

Unit7InternationalCharities第3课时grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲知识精讲一、基本概念主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：manypeoplespeakEnglish.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

例如：Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。（主动句）

Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。（被动句）二、基本分类被动语态的构成被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。

及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten

一般过去时：was／were＋eaten

一般将来时：willbe＋eaten

现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋eaten三、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

Allthepeoplelaughedathim.

---Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

---Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.四、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

---Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.

We

mustfinishthisworksoon.

---Thisworkmustbedonesoon.能力拓展能力拓展完成句子1．吃饭之前必须洗手。Yourhands________________________beforemeals.2．上公交车前必须向司机出示你的穗康码。YourSuikangcode________________________tothedriver________yougetonthebus.3．我们应该永远铭记中国的历史。TheChinesehistory________________________byusforever.4．昨天，这张桌子被搬到图书馆了。Thedesk________________tothelibraryyesterday.5．可怜的小狗遇到了善良的女孩儿，得到了细心照顾。Thepoordogmetakindgirland________________________wellbyher.分层提分分层提分题组A能力提升练6．LeiFenghasdied,buthisspiritsshould________byus.A．learn B．belearnt C．learns D．belearning7．Theyoungtrees______everyday,orthey’lldie.A．mustwater B．canbewatered C．mustbewatered D．shouldbewatering8．Thenewschoolinthisarea________nextyear.A．willbebuilt B．willbuild C．isgoingtobuild D．builds9．Thiskindofwatch________inItaly.A．canbuy B．bebuy C．canbebuy D．canbebought10．Anewcinema________here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A．willbebuilt B．isbuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．isbeingbuilt11．—AnewairportwillbebuiltinTantou,Longhui.—Goodnews!Butalotofgoodfarmland________.A．shouldbewasted B．cannotbewasted C．maybewasted D．mustwaste12．Manytreesandflowers________nextyeartomakeGuangzhoumorebeautiful.A．willplant B．willplanted C．beingplanted D．willbeplanted13．BadalingpartoftheMingGreatWall________manycenturiesago.Itisveryfamousintheworld.A．builds B．built C．isbuilt D．wasbuilt14．Themountains________withtreesinafewyears.A．arecovered B．arecovering C．willcover D．willbecovered15．Thequestion__________threehourslater.A．discussed B．willdiscuss C．willbediscussed D．isdiscussed16．—Thebook-displayhallisfilled________peopleatthemoment.—Ican’tevensqueezeinandit’ssaidalotofbooks________.A．with;havebeensoldout B．of;hadbeensoldC．with:hadsoldwell D．of;weresoldout17．—WerethoseChristmaspresents________thechildreninthehospital?—Yes,Heidiwill________atoycarasapresentthisyear.A．boughtfor;begivenB．buyto;giveC．boughtfor;begiventoD．bought;begiving18．—Petergotseriously________inthecaraccidentlastweek.—Yes,hedid.Andheis________inthehospitalnow.A．washurt;takengoodcare B．washurt;takengoodcareofC．hurt;beingtakengoodcareof D．hurt;takengoodcare19．—What________whenyou________thismorning?—Iwassmilingintothemirror.A．wouldyoudo;calledB．wereyoudoing;werewantedC．areyoudoing;werecallingD．wereyoudoing;wanted20．—Looseorsmallpartsoftoysmust________toddlers.—OK.Iwillmakesure________alltoysarestoredinasafeplacebeforetheycomein.A．keepfrom;ofB．bekeptaway;thatC．bekeptawayfrom;ofD．bekeptawayfrom;/21．Thiskindofflowersshould________everyday.A．water B．iswatered C．arewatered D．bewatered22．HongkouFootballStadium______soontobecomea“footballandsportslandmark”inShanhgai.A．wasrebuilt B．willrebuild C．willberebuilt D．rebuilt23．—Whenshallwegoandplaybasketball?—Notuntilthework________.A．isfinished B．finishes C．willfinish D．willbefinished题组B培优拔尖练24．InSwitzerland,thingslikeglassandplastic________intodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.A．separate B．separated C．areseparated25．Wearemade________moreconfidentbyourteacher.A．tobe B．being C．be26．Danny,youcangoouttoplay,butyourhomework________first.A．willfinish B．hasfinished C．finishes D．shouldbefinished27．Wewillflyakiteassoonasyourhomework________.A．finishes B．willbefinished C．hasfinished D．isfinished28．ItwasreportedthatnineChinesepeople________inaballooncrash（坠毁）inEgyptonFebruary26,2013.A．arekilled B．werekilled C．willkill D．havekilled29．—DoyouknowEa