2026《金版教程》高考复习方案英语人教经典版-UNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

一背记单词◎个人品质与情感1．adversityn.困境；逆境2．endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力3．vigourn.精力；力量；活力4．qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识5．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的6．envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌7．miserableadj.痛苦的，令人难受的8．selfishadj.自私的9．good/bad­temperedadj.脾气好的/坏的10．genuineadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的11．perseverancen.毅力；不屈不挠的精神12．resolvevi.&vt.决定；解决(问题或困难)n.决心13．loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的14．commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献15．motiven.动机；原因；目的◎探险旅行16．bitteradj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的17．expeditionn.探险；远征；探险队18．aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)19．stewardn.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员20．sinkvi.沉没；下降vt.使下沉21．voyagen．&vi.航海；航行22．navyn.海军；海军部队23．crewn.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人24．guidancen.指导；引导；导航25．roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的26．navigatorn.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者27．motorn.发动机adj.有引擎的；机动车的28．episoden.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲◎家居生活29．cupboardn.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜30．stoven.炉具；厨房灶具31．blanketn.毯子32．belongingsn.财物；动产33．banjon.班卓琴(乐器)34．cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的35．furnituren.家具36．recreationn.娱乐；消遣；游戏◎其他37．wagen.工资38．assignvt.分派；布置；分配39．crushvt.毁坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群40．abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃41．decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的42．crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的43．thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的44．barkvi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声45．rugbyn.橄榄球运动46．batn.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球拍击球；挥打；拍打47．dampadj.潮湿的；湿气重的48．nephewn.侄子；外甥49．corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的50．candidaten.候选人；应试者51．Confucianismn.孔子学说；儒家(学说)二词形变化1．endurev.忍耐→endurancen.忍耐力→endurableadj.能忍耐的2．qualifyv.具有资格→qualifiedadj.符合资格→qualificationn.资格3．enthusiasticadj.热情的→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地→enthusiasmn.热情4．assignvt.分派→assignmentn.分配；任务5．belongvi.属于→belongingsn.财物6．selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selfishnessn.自私7．perseverevi.坚持→perseverancen.毅力8．resolvevi.&vt.决定→resolutionn.决议9．crueladj.残酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地→crueltyn.残忍10．fortunen.运气→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地11．guiden.导游→guidancen.指导12．advertisevt.&vi.做广告→advertisingn.广告活动→advertisementn.广告13．loyaladj.忠诚的→loyaltyn.忠诚14．commitvt.犯(罪或错等)；使致力于→commitmentn.承诺；奉献→committedadj.尽心尽力的1．Hehaseducationalqualificationsandhenceheiswellqualifiedforthejobasatutor.(qualify)2．Heassignedmetothedifficultassignment,__soIcouldn'twasteanytime.(assign)3．TodayIamasenthusiasticaboutmyjobasthefirstdayandmyenthusiasmenablesmetotreatmyjobenthusiastically．(enthusiastic)4．Hecommittedhimselftoworkingdayandnight.Hiscommitmentwonhimagreatreputation.(commit)5．Undertheguidanceofthequalifiedguide,__wetraveledaroundtheplacesofinterestveryhappily.(guide)6．Heperseveredwithhisviolinlessons.Itwashisperseverancethatenabledhimtobecomeadistinguishedviolinist.(persevere)三熟词生义1.sink[熟义]vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没[生义]v.坐下；消沉n.水槽2．abandon[熟义]vt.舍弃，抛弃，放弃[生义]vt.沉湎于3．thorough[熟义]adj.深入的；彻底的；完全的[生义]adj.(人)仔细的；缜密的；细致的4．rough[熟义]adj.粗糙的；粗略的[生义]adj.汹涌的，风浪很大的；崎岖的；艰难的5．episode[熟义]n.(小说的)片段；(电视剧)一集[生义]n.(人生的)一段经历6．commitment[熟义]n.投入；奉献[生义]n.承诺；保证1．Theyabandonthemselvestoplayingcomputergames.他们沉湎于玩电脑游戏。2．Theknifeforcuttingsausagewassittinginthesink.用于切香肠的刀在水槽里。3．Hepdusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfromaslowbutpnfuldeath.他用他的承诺回报了我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。4．He'shadareallyroughtimerecently.他最近真是困难重重。5．ThiswasanepisodeinmylifethatIwouldneverforget.这是我人生中永远不会忘却的一段经历。6．Asascientist,sheisnotbrilliant,butsheisthorough.作为一名科学家，她并非才华横溢，但一丝不苟。小积累wordfamilies1.－ance结尾的名词①endurance忍耐力；耐久力②perseverance毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神③allowance津贴，补助；限额④abundance大量，丰富；繁荣，富裕⑤acquntance泛泛之交；认识；了解⑥appearance出现，到来；外观2.常见不可数名词①furniture家具②advice建议③knowledge知识④progress进步⑤equipment设备⑥information信息3.“打电话”相关短语①ringsbup给某人打电话②callsbup给某人打电话③givesbaphone/call/ring给某人打电话④call/ring__back回电话⑤hold__on别挂断⑥ringoff/hangup挂断电话一词表短语/课文短语1．turn__sb__down拒绝(某人)2．make__fire生火3．give__off放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．be__enthusiastic__about对……充满热情5．set__off出发，启程6．(be)__free__to__do__sth自由做某事选用上面的短语填空1．Theflowersinthegardengave__offasweetfragrancethatattractedbutterfliesandbeesfromallaround,creatingalivelyandcolorfulscene.2．Eventhoughshehadanimpressiveresume,thecompanydecidedtoturnherdownforthepositionbecausetheywerelookingforsomeonewithmoreexperienceinthefield.3．Thesurvivalexpertshowedthegrouphowtomake__fireusingonlyabow,astick,andsomedryleaves,impressingeveryonewithhisprimitiveskills.4．Manypeopleare__enthusiastic__aboutonlineshoppingbecauseofitsconvenience.二写作词块1．(be)__full__of__vigo(u)r充满活力；生机勃勃2．keep__one's__spirits__up使某人精神振作3．go__from__bad__to__worse每况愈下4．under__the__guidance__of__sb在某人的指导下5．hold__on等一等；坚持住；继续6．flee__in__all__directions四处逃窜7．in__the__face__of__difficulties__and__danger面对困境与危险8．try__a__dozen__times尝试十几次9．sl__away远航10．inspire__sb__to__be__brave__and__determined激励某人勇敢且坚定11．deal__with__all__kinds__of__problems处理各种各样的问题12．an__episode__in__one's__life某人一生中的一段经历1．(教材P38)等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！(how引导的感叹句)How__everyone__will__envy__me__when__I__come__back__and__tell__them__about__the__amazing__places__I__have__been__to!2．(教材P40)只要你坚持下去，最终就会成功。(aslongas引导条件状语从句)It__will__eventually__lead__to__success__as__long__as__you__persevere.3．(教材P44)要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。(if引导虚拟条件句)If__it__weren't__for__sea__animals,__we__would__all__starve.4．(教材P45)最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。(such...that...“如此……以至于……”)When__we__were__finally__rescued,__we__felt__such__relief__and__joy__that__many__of__us__could__not__hide__our__tears.自主检测一、重点单词1．endurev.忍耐；忍受；持续；持久→endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力→endurableadj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的2．qualifyv.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualificationn.资格；资历；资格证书3．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地→enthusiasmn.热情；热忱4．assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn.分配；任务；作业；功课→assignableadj.可分配的；可指派的5．envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.羡慕的；嫉妒的→enviouslyadv.羡慕地；嫉妒地6．perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverancen.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神7．resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→resolutionn.决议；解决；坚定8．crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地→crueltyn.残忍；残酷9．guidev.带领；指导n.指南，手册；导游，向导→guidancen.指导；引导；导航→guidedadj.有指导的；有向导的10．loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyallyadv.忠诚地；诚实地→loyaltyn.忠诚；忠实11．commitvt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的12．belongvi.属于→belongingsn.财物拔高词汇—高分必备1.hardship/'hɑːdʃIp/n.困难，困苦2．obstacle/'ɒbstəkl/n.障碍，阻碍3．fortitude/'fɔːtItjuːd/n.勇气；不屈不挠4．courageous/kə'reIdʒəs/adj.勇敢的，无畏的5.decisive/dI'ssIv/adj.决定性的；坚决的，果断的6．boldness/'bəʊldnəs/n.大胆，勇敢7．slum/slʌm/n.贫民窟8．job­hopping/dʒɔb'hɔpiŋ/n.跳槽二、重点语块Eventhoughshewas__enthusiastic__about(对……充满热情)theiradventureplan,Johnhadtoturn__her__down(拒绝她)becausehewasn'tpreparedtoset__off(出发)justyet.Undeterred,shedecidedtomake__fire(生火)byherselfinthebackyardtokeep__her__spirits__up(使她精神振作).Asthefirecrackledandgave__off(释放出)warmthandlight,shefeltasenseofaccomplishment.Knowinghe'deventuallyjoinher,sheheld__on(坚持)toherdream,free__to__do(自由做)whateverittooktomakeitareality.三、重点句式1．只要我们人类并肩行动，就能共同创造一个更加美好的未来。(aslongas引导条件状语从句)As__long__as__we__human__beings__take__action__shoulder__to__shoulder,__wecancreateabetterfuturetogether.2．如果不是因为罗先生的耐心和鼓励，史蒂夫最终不会实现他的梦想。(if引导虚拟条件句)If__it__had__not__been__for__Mr__Rowe's__patience__and__encouragement,__Stevewouldn'thaveachievedhisdreamatlast.四、写作佳句1．【教材P38】船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。And__when__the__ship__sank,__our__hearts__sank__with__it.2．【教材P39】我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。We__have__been__struggling__for__days,__but__things__on__Elephant__Island__are__going__from__bad__to__worse.3．【教材P39】然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。However,__these__happy__memories__are__soon__interrupted__by__a__sudden__cold__rush__of__r.4．【教材P45】最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。When__we__were__finally__rescued,__we__felt__such__relief__and__joy__that__many__of__us__could__not__hide__our__tears.硬核考点考点1qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)bequalifiedforsth/todosth有……的资格/有资格做某事qualifysbtodosth/forsth使某人有资格做某事qualifyas...取得做……的资格havethequalificationfor/todo...有……/做……的资格qualificationin...在……方面的资格1.(2023·全国乙卷)Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.2．WithmyEnglishcompetenceandworkexperience,IamsureIhavethequalification(qualify)fortheposition.(写作佳句)3．Shegnedaqualificationinmarketing.4．我写这封信是为了申请我们学校杂志编辑的职位，我认为自己完全能够胜任这一职位。(写作佳句)I'm__writing__to__apply__for__the__job__as__an__editor__of__our__school__magazine__which__I__think__I'm__quite__qualified__for.考点2enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的beenthusiasticabout...对……极感兴趣；对……充满热情beenthusiastictodosth对做某事充满热情havetheenthusiasmtodosth有做某事的热情with(burning)enthusiasm＝enthusiastically热情地1.Inspiredbytheenthusiasm(enthusiastic)andencouragement,Davidquickenedhispaceinhighspirits.2．只要我们有追随梦想的热情，我们最终一定会成功。(写作佳句)As__long__as__we__have__the__enthusiasm__to__follow__our__dream,__wearesuretosucceedeventually.3.我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。Iamnot__only__enthusiastic__but__also__easy__to__get__along/on__with,__whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.4．上周六上午8点30分比赛开始前，所有参与者都热情高涨地聚集在一起。(写作佳句)Enthusiastically/With__burning__enthusiasm,__all__the__participants__gathered__before__the__competition__started__at__8：30__am__last__Saturday.考点3assignvt.分派；布置；分配assignsb(todo)sth指派某人(做)某事assign...tosb把……分派给某人onassignment执行任务；工作assignmentbook作业本1.Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.2．Youwillneedtocompletethreewrittenassignments(assign)persemester.3．在我们学校一年一度的文化节上，老师决定给每个小组分配一个不同的国家来研究和展示，以确保所有学生都有一个多样化的教育体验。(写作佳句)Forourschool'sannualculturalfestival,theteacherdecidedtoassign__each__group__a__different__country__to__research__and__present,__ensuringadiverseandeducationalexperienceforallstudents.考点4sink(sank/sunk,sunk,sinking)vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没n.洗涤槽，水槽one'sheart/spiritssink(s)某人心情沉重；某人情绪低落besunkin陷入……；沉浸在……sinkdown沉没asinkingfeeling/ship不祥之感/沉船1.Whentheoldmanheardthehorriblenews,hisheartsank/sunk(sink),neversayingaword.(写作佳句)2.Foralongtime,hejuststaredattheblankbeforehim,merrily,sunk(sink)insweetmemoriesinthepast.3．刺耳的话使她陷入绝望的深渊，她的心一沉，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。(写作佳句)The__harsh__words__sent__her__into__the__depths__of__despr__and__her__heart__sank/sunk,__tears__streaming__down__her__cheeks.【北师版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】Mymouthfilledwithwater;Istruggledagnstbeingdrawndeeper,deeperdown.SuddenlyIfeltmyselfquicklydrawnuptothesurfaceofthesea.海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不让自己越陷越深。突然，我感觉自己被快速地拉出水面。考点5abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；陷入；沉湎于(某种情感)n.放任，放纵abandononeselfto(doing)sth＝sbbeabandonedto(doing)sth某人陷入/沉湎于(做)某事abandon(doing)sth放弃(做)某事abandonsth(tosb)(不顾责任、义务等)遗弃某物(给某人)abandonship/smoking弃船/戒烟withabandon放纵地；放任地beabandonedto沉溺于1.Theystoppedbesideabatteryofabandoned(abandon)guns.2．Wesang,danced,andlaughedwithabandon,forgettingthetroublesinourlives.(写作佳句)3．Theyhadtoabandontheirlandsandpropertytotheinvadingforces.4．Iabandonedmyselftocomputergames.Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend­of­termexamination.→Abandoning__myself__to__computer__games,__Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend­of­termexamination.(现在分词短语作状语)→Abandoned__to__computer__games,__Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend­of­termexamination.(过去分词短语作状语)考点6guidancen.指导；引导；导航looktosbforguidance求某人指点迷津undertheguidanceofsb在某人的指导下vocational/careerguidance就业指导atravelguide旅游指南atourguide导游1.Withoutyourrecognitionandguidance(guide),Icouldn'thavewrittenthisarticle.2．即使在今天，他的思想仍然指导着中国乃至世界各地的个人和社区。(写作佳句)Eventoday,hisideascontinueto__guide__individuals__and__communities__in__China__and__beyond．3．他在教练的指导下每周进行四天以上的锻炼。Hedidexerciseunder__the__guidance__of__a__trner__for__more__than__four__days__a__week.考点7makefire生火make其他相关短语/搭配：makeit成功；及时抵达；走完；好转makeone'sway(to/toward...)(向……)前进/行进makesense有道理，讲得通makesenseof明白，理解tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是makealiving谋生；维持生活makeup弥补；组成，构成；编造makeout辨认出；理解makea/thedifference有影响；有价值；有意义makefor走向；导致makesure确保1.(2024·浙江高考1月)However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextratobenefitfrompricereductionsdoesn'tmake__sense.2．Withover2，500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemake__surethereisalwaysabikeavlableforyou.3．(2023·全国甲卷)我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的突突的声音。Thefirsttimewestayedthere,weheardthechug­chug­chugofamotorbikemaking__its__way__down__the__hill__toward__us.4．更糟糕的是，当我回到座位上时，我踩空了，重重地摔在楼梯上。(写作佳句)To__make__matters__worse,__whenreturningtomyseat,Imissedmystepsandfellheavilyonthestrs.考点8if引导虚拟条件句1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用如下：虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设(1)动词的过去式(2)wereto＋动词原形(3)should＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形2.if在虚拟条件句中的省略在if引导的虚拟条件句中若出现should,had,were，可省去if，并将主语与这些词倒装。Ifthedoctorhadcomeyesterday,theboywouldbefinenow.＝Hadthedoctorcomeyesterday,theboywouldbefinenow.1.Iffoodwastewere(be)acountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.2．Ifthenewsafetysystemhad__been__put(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.3．Ifitwere__to__rn/should__rn/rned(rn)tomorrow,Iwouldn'tgotothegrocerystore.4．要不是你的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。(写作佳句)If__it__hadn't__been__for__your__help,__Iwouldn'thavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.＝Had__it__not__been__for__your__help,__Iwouldn'thavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.(if虚拟条件句的省略)【外研版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】Inthesameway,weneedstruggletogrowstrongandsurvive.Wemustgothroughsomedifficultthingsifwereallywishtospreadourwingsandfly.同样，我们也需要奋斗才能茁壮成长和生存。如果我们真的想展翅飞翔，就必须经历一些困难。强化训练一、单句语法填空1．Itisthroughcommitment(commit)andsweatthatIcanmakeadifferencewithinmyselfinsideandout.2．Theenterpriseshavethoroughly(thorough)implementedwhattheyhavepromisedtothepublic.3．Myheartsank/sunk(sink)whenIwasinformedthatmymoderatereformsendedupinflure.4．Wehaveresolvedto__reduce(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.5．Asaconsequence,ifyouareenthusiasticaboutEnglishandhaveasharpmind,don'thesitatetojointhedebateteam.6．Iamenvious(envy)ofyou,becauseyouareleadingsuchacosyanddecentlife.7．Asisknowntoall,hehasremnedloyaltohispoliticalprinciplesandhewillneverbetrayhismotherland.8．Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.9．Dozensofqualified(qualify)studentstookpartinthecampgnandpractisedfrequentlyundertheguidance(guide)ofsomeexperiencedwritersandteachers.10．Toourconcern,somestudentsareabandoned(abandon)toplayingcomputergames.二、熟词生义1．Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether.承诺2．Martinwouldbeagoodjudge;hewascalmandthorough.细心的3．Inadditiontoitsroughpeaks,greenvalleysanddramaticcliffs,itisalsodottedwithrockandcaveartthousandsofyearsago.崎岖的4．Tomysadness,mysonwasabandonedtosmokinganddrinking.沉湎于5．Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesinkandputintheothersliceofbread.水槽三、构词法词缀含义例词­able……的；可……的，能够……的miserable,__dependable,movable,preventable,reasonable,capable,affordable写出下列黑体词的含义1．Sheiscapableofcompletingthisprojectonherown.有能力的2．Hisexplanationforbeinglatewasreasonableandacceptedbyeveryone.合理的3．Thenewsmartphoneisaffordableformanypeoplethankstoitscompetitiveprice.负担得起的4．Itookaseriesofbadlypdsecretarialjobswhichmademereallymiserable.痛苦的5．Hewasagoodfriend,adependablecompanion.可以信赖的6．Fortythousandchildrenadaydiefrompreventablediseases.可预防的四、补全句子1．这些年来，我在美国参加了几个交流项目，所以我相信我有资格担任这个职位。(qualify)Theseyears,IhavebeenonseveralexchangeprogramsinAmerica,soIbelieveI__am__qualified__for__the__position．2．实话说，我真羡慕你获得了“优秀毕业生”的称号，我应该向你学习。(envy)Honestlyspeaking,I__do__envy__you__getting__the__title__of__the__Excellent__Graduate__and__I__should__follow__your__example．3．她心情沉重，突然感到很悲伤，忍不住落下泪来。(sink)Her__heart__sank/sunkandshefeltseizedbyaburstofsadness,unabletoholdbackhertears.4．我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。(makeit)I__don't__think__we'll__make__it,__butlet'stryanyway.5．为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，并换位思考。(resolve)To__resolve__conflicts,__we__should__learn__to__communicate__more__and__put__ourselves__in__others'__shoes.6．如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。(if引导的虚拟条件句)If__I__were__a__dustman,__I__would__make__our__city__cleanerwithnorubbishlyingonthestreet.五、长难句分析(2024·全国甲卷)Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialdprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.句意：政府在努力找出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。分析：不定式短语toaddresstheproblem作名词measures的后置定语；particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver为地点状语；arranging...和expanding...为并列的动名词短语，作介词including的宾语。读写用—素养提升一、加强语言运用——明晰考向以阅读促运用(2024·浙江高考1月)Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily­sizethisandmulti­buythat.However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextra__56__(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome__57__youcan'tusewhatyou'veboughtwhileit'sstillfresh.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway__58__willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that's__59__they'llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(单独)customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__60__(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,thoughit'snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes__61__(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn'twanttoeatthemeveryday.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__62__(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks__63__(design)withtwohalvescontningseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,__64__otherstaysfresh.Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward­looking__65__(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.56．______57.______58.______59.______60．______61.______62.______63.______64．______65.______篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商家各式各样的促销手段。56．答案：tobenefit解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处指多买一件来享受降价，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tobenefit。57．答案：or解析：考查连词。either...or...为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。58．答案：that/which解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。59．答案：what解析：考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作promote的宾语，意为“……的事物”。故填what。60．答案：criticism解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，且criticism“批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。61．答案：beoffered解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语they指代前文中的sausages，与动词offer之间为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填beoffered。62．答案：havestarted解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Overthelasttwoyears”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语somesupermarkets为复数，助动词应用have。故填havestarted。63．答案：designed解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语packs与动词design之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。64．答案：the解析：考查冠词。one...theother...为固定搭配，意为“一个……，另外一个……”。故填the。65．答案：ones解析：考查代词。someof后应用复数。故填ones。熟记词汇的固定搭配1．英语中有许多固定的词汇搭配，如动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语等。在语法填空中，这些固定搭配往往是解题的关键。2．需要熟记常见的词汇搭配，并在解题时灵活运用。二、读后续写——必备微技能高品素材人物活动1．常常发生的事：afrequentoccurrence2.透过窗户看：peerthroughthewindow3．需要紧急处理：requireurgentattention4.经历坎坷：gothroughupsanddowns5．靠着桌子：leanagnstthedesk6.翻书：flipthroughthepages7．在会上发表演讲：addressameeting8.有某人的电话：sbbewantedonthephone9．皱眉深思：frowninconcentration10.将自己沉浸在某事中：immerseoneselfinsth11．交叉双臂：foldone'sarms12.跟某人通电话：speaktosboverthephone13．盘腿坐在地板上：sitcross－leggedonthefloor14.通知某人某事：informsbofsth15．让某人记忆犹新：remnfreshinone'smemory16．一件有益身心的事情：anenchantingmentalandphysicalbusiness17．省钱省时间：belesstime­consumingandmoreeconomical18．辛劳的任务：anarduous/apnstaking/alaborioustask19．一次真正难忘的经历：atrulymemorableexperience20．回忆高中生活的美好时刻：recallthesweetmomentofone'shighschoollife高效课时作业Ⅰ.阅读A(2025·黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学高三月考)DearJack，Irememberthemoment—ittrulyhitmethatyourautism(自闭症)lastedforever.Ihadalreadymentallyplannedourtripsupnorthwiththeboys.Iwasgoingtospendendlesshoursplayingbaseballwithyou—likeGrandpadidwithme.WhenwesdgoodbyetokindergartenIknewitwasreal.Ispentsometimebeingsad.Nowyouare8.Youstillhavenowords.Wehaveneverhadoneofthosefather­sonmomentsIpicturedwhenyouwereababy.ButI'mlearningthat'sOK.Istillhaveunbelievablethingstoofferasyourdad,eveniftheyweren'tthethingsIoriginallyexpected.Youhavetaughtmetobepatient.Youhavetaughtmethatit'sOKtobedifferentandtobesadwhenlifedoesn'tgoasplanned.YouhavetaughtmethatitisOKtotalkaboutthosefeelingsandfightforwhatisright.Standupandsaythisiswrong,andencourageotherstostandupforyouandsaythesame.Myjobonthisearthistocreateaworldforyouandotherkidslikeyou.Bethevoiceyoudon'thave,andbuildthekindofcommunitywhichIwanttoseeyougrowupin.Iusedtoshyawayfromcontactingpeoplewithdisabilitiesorjustnotconsiderthem.Beforeyouwereborn,IwassocaughtupinmyownworldthatIprobablywouldn'thaveevennoticed.Now,Iseethingsdifferently.Inotice.Youdidthatforme.Andhopemyexamplewilldothatforothers.YourmomandIhavespent8yearstryingtofindyourvoice.Andhonestly,wedon'tknowifweeverwill.IpromiseyouIwillspendmylifekeepingyousafeandmakingthisworldbetterforyou.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇父亲写给自闭症儿子的信。1．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor?A．HeisatalosswhattodotohelpJack.B．HeistoblameforJack'spresentcondition.C．Hehaschangedhisattitudetothedisabled.D．Hehasn'tacceptedtherealityuptonow.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Iusedtoshyaway...seethingsdifferently.Inotice.”可知，作者在儿子出生之前常回避与残疾人接触，现在，他注意到了残疾人，即作者改变了对残疾人的看法。故选C。2．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthetext?A．Ashamed. B．Caring.C．Regretful. D．Indifferent.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IpromiseyouIwillspendmylifekeepingyousafeandmakingthisworldbetterforyou.”可知，作者承诺会保护儿子的安全，让这个世界为儿子变得更美好，由此可推知，作者是以一种关爱的口吻写这封信的。故选B。3．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A．Science. B．Entertnment.C．Sports. D．Relationship.答案：D解析：推理判断题。本文是一篇父亲写给自闭症儿子的信。文章与家庭成员间的情感有关，由此可推知，文章可能会出现在杂志的Relationship(关系)专栏。故选D。B(2025·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第十一中学高三期中)Itwasthemen'sskatingfinalsoftheWinterOlympicswhenIwas16.SomedayI'dbeintheOlympics.Infact,itwasmydream.ThatnightIlayonourlivingroomfloorexcitedlywatchingthebattlebetweentheBrians:AmericanBrianBoitanofacingBrianOrserinCanada.Bothofthemhadbeenworldchampions.Bothofthemdeservedtowin.NaturallyIwasforBrianBoitano,anorthernCalifornianlikeme.Wehadskatedonthesameice.Iheldmybreathinamazement.Boitanoperformedsuccessfully.Thegoldmedal!Ijumpedintherwhenhisscorewentup.ButwhathappenednextiswhatI'llneverforget.BrianBoitanosatinfrontofthecamerawithhiscoach,surroundedbyagroupofjournalists.Hewastalkingabouthiscareerandhismedal,talkingtothewholeworld.Aterriblesinkingfeelingwentthroughme.IcouldneverbeintheOlympics,Ithought.Icouldnottalkinpubliclikethat.Justtheideaofapressconferenceterrifiedme.IlovedskatingpartlybecauseIdidn'thavetotalk.Icouldexpressmyselfwithmyjumpsanddancesbetter.Ididn'thavetostandupandgiveaspeechlikesometeachersexpected.IcouldfeelthebloodrushtomyfaceifIthoughtateacherwasgoingtocallme.Istaredatmyshoes.IwassureI'dmakeafoolofmyself.ThenextdayIwasattherink(溜冰场)asusual.Iwaspractisingacombinationofjumpsthathadonceseemedimpossible.Iworkedveryhardthenextfewyears—ontheiceandespeciallyoff.AfterjournaliststalkedtomeandalthoughmyheartpoundedeverytimeIspoketothem,Igottoknowthem.Theybecamefamiliarfaces.Andtheygottoknowme.SowhenmybigmomentcamefouryearsafterBrians,Iwasready.SometimesIthinkmybiggestaccomplishmentwasnotwinningthegoldbuttalkingtothepressafterwards.Whenyoudothethingyoufearmost,youputanendtofear.Fearcanstopyoudeadinyourtracks.Fearcankilladream.Whatareyouafrdof?Whatscaresyoumorethananythingelse?Thisyear,walkrightuptoitandconquerit,stepbystep.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者克服自己的恐惧，敢于在公众场合发言的一次经历，并通过这次经历明白了要勇于面对生活中的恐惧。4．Whatinformationcanwegetfromthesecondparagraph?A．Theauthorlivedahardlife.B．TheauthorcomesfromCanada.C．TheauthoronceskatedwithOrser.D．TheauthorwishedBoitanotowinthematch.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“NaturallyIwasforBrianBoitano,anorthernCalifornianlikeme.”可知，作者支持BrianBoitano(布莱恩·博伊塔诺)，希望他可以赢得比赛。故选D。5．Whatisoneofthereasonswhytheauthorlikedskatingaccordingtothepassage?A．Shecouldbuildupherbodytobehealthier.B．Itcouldhelphertogetclosertoheridol.C．Shecouldbetterexpressherselfwithbodylanguage.D．Thepossibilityofherbeingaworldchampionwasgreat.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ilovedskating...withmyjumpsanddancesbetter.”可推知，作者喜欢滑冰的一部分原因是滑冰不用讲话，使作者可以用跳跃和舞蹈更好地表达自己。故选C。6．Whattheauthorfeltthemostsatisfiedwithisthat________．A．sheliveduptohercoaches'expectationsB．shebecameaworldchampionasplannedC．shemanagedtoovercomeherinnerfeareventuallyD．shehandledthebalancebetweenhercareerandlife答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sowhenmy...putanendtofear.”可知，四年后获得金牌时，作者感觉自己最大的成就是赛后接受记者采访，即她成功战胜了内心的恐惧，敢于在公众场合发言。故选C。7．Whatdoestheauthormnlywanttotellus?A．Faceafearbravely.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Badtimesmakeagoodman.D．Flureisthemotherofsuccess.答案：A解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者战胜内心恐惧，在冬奥会获金牌后能够成功面对赛后采访的故事。由此可推知，作者旨在通过自身经历告诉我们应勇敢地面对恐惧、战胜恐惧。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2025·四川省内江市第六中学高三月考)Sevenyearsafteraterriblefallleftmeparalyzed,hereIwas,withmytwoteammates,onthewaytobecomingthefirstall­disabledteamtocrossEurope'slargesticecap,theVatnajökullglacier,unsupportedandunassisted.Ayearbefore,whenMcCannfirstsuggestedmakingthe100­miletrip,Iwasexcitedbythe__1__ofreachingthislostworldofmountnsandice,yet__2__aboutwhetherI'dstruggle.ButIwaseagerfor__3__andsignedo