2025北京首师大附中高二（下）开学考英语试题及答案

高中2025北京首都师大附中高二（下）开学考英语本试卷共11页，150分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：听力理解(共三节，共30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthemanandwomanprobablydo?A.Staywheretheyare.B.Goforawalk.C.Gotoacoffeeshop.2.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Askingforhelp.B.Makinganappointment.C.Givingadvice.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodonow?A.Preparetheschedule.B.Talkabouttheschedule.C.Takearest.4.WhatdoesthewomanfeelabouttheU.S.?A.Bored.B.Curious.C.Disappointed.5.WhenwillthewomanmeetwithMr.Smith?A.At12:00p.m.B.At1:30p.m.C.At2:00p.m.第二节(共7小题;每小题2分，共14分)听下面3段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatdoesthemanrecommend?A.Achocolatecake.B.Anapplepie.C.Someicecream.7.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Waiterandcustomer.C.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inabank.C.Inapostoffice.9.Howlongdoesoverseasmailtake?A.About2weeks.B.3businessdays.C.1businessday.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whathasthewomanbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime?A.Herstudy.B.Herfuture.C.Hersafety.11.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttobeaflightattendant?A.It’sboring.B.It’sexciting.C.It’sdangerous.12.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A.Ateacher.B.Aninterpreter.C.Abusinesswoman.第三节(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面一段独白，完成第13题至16题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。WeatherSuggestionsThisafternoon,therewas13rainandbigstorm.Beginclean-upafterthestorm.Fridaywillbewarmand14duringthedayandcoolatnight.Takeajackettowork.OnSaturday,theweatherchangesfromnicetorainy.Dosome15inthemorning.OnSunday,itwillbecoldandwindy.Don’tforgetbootsandjacketswhengoingtothe16第二部分：知识运用(共两节，每题2分，共40分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MakingMyOwnBicycleItwasaSaturdaymorning.JamesandIwereattheBambooBicycleClub,readyforourbamboobicyclebuildingcourse.Thefirststepwassettingupthestructureforholdingtheframe(骨架)inplace.Afterthatweweretoldto___1___thebambootobeofuse,whichwasadelicatejob.Therewereseveralthingsto___2___.Ofcourse,findingpiecesthatwerethecolorwewantedwasjustasimportant.Therestoftheafternoonwasspent___3___eachpieceoftheframeintothestructure.Bambooisfairlyflexible,andthisparticular___4___meantthatsomeadjustmentswerereallynecessary.Oneproblemliningupthetwochainscauses___5___madeourframeuseless.Luckily,however,aftersomecareful___6___,weconfirmedthatitwasalright.Therewasjustenoughspacetofitawheel.OnSundaymorningwereturnedtotheworkshoptocompletethefinal___7___.Webegantotightlywrapeachjointontheframe,tokeepit___8___withnaturalfiberskeptinspecialglue.Allthatwasleftnowwasforittodry.InafewhourswewouldbeofficialmembersoftheBambooBicycleClub.Finallywefinishedourjob.Icouldn’twaitto___9___ourbicycletofindoutwhatitwasreallyliketorideabamboobicycle.Itfeltjustas____10____asanybicycle,butsofterandmorerelaxed.Now,everytimeIgetonourbicycle,Ican’thelpsmiling.ItremindsmeofwhenJamesandIbuiltitandmakesmeproudofmyself.1.A.return B.cover C.deliver D.select2.A.bringin B.watchfor C.takeover D.giveaway3.A.fixing B.changing C.leaving D.mixing4.A.angle B.position C.quality D.stage5.A.only B.almost C.seldom D.still6.A.checks B.requests C.preparations D.links7.A.report B.command C.judgement D.process8.A.smooth B.heavy C.firm D.slim9.A.charge B.test C.seek D.equip10.A.complicated B.accurate C.suitable D.capable第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Afteryearsofefforts,theSpringFestival____11____(list)ontheWorldHeritageListsuccessfully.ThistraditionalChinesefestival,____12____(celebrate)forthousandsofyears,holdsgreatculturalsignificance.Itisatimewhenfamiliesreunite,____13____(share)deliciousmealsandwarmgreetings.Peoplecleantheirhousesthoroughlytosweepawaybadluckanddecoratethemwithredcoupletsandlanterns,creatinga____14____(joy)andfestiveatmosphere.DuringtheSpringFestival,varioustraditional____15____(activity)takeplace.Theliondanceanddragondance____16____(perform)inthestreets,attractingcrowdsofspectators.Childrenareespeciallyhappyastheycanreceiveluckymoneyinredenvelopes.Thefestivalalsofeaturestemplefairs____17____peoplecanenjoytraditionalhandicrafts,localsnacksandfolkperformances.ThesuccessfulinscriptionoftheSpringFestivalontheWorldHeritageListnotonlyrecognizesitsuniquevaluebutalsohelpstopromoteChineseculture____18____theglobalstage.Itallowspeoplefromdifferentcountriesandregions____19____(understand)andappreciatetheprofoundconnotationsandcharmingtraditionsoftheSpringFestival.Withthishonor,theSpringFestivalisexpectedtoshineeven_____20_____(bright)inthefutureandcontinuetopassonitsrichculturalheritage.第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，48分)第一节(共11小题;每小题3分，共33分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AShayasked,“Doyouthinkthey’llletmeplay?”Shay’sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.Shay’sfatherapproachedoneoftheboysonthefieldandaskedifShaycouldplay,notexpectingmuch.Theboylookedaroundandsaid,“We’relosingbysixrunsandthegameisintheeighthinning(局).Iguesshecanbeonourteamandwe’lltrytoputhimintobatinthefinalinning.”Shaystruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmileandhisfatherhadasmalltearinhiseyeandwarmthinheart.Theboyssawthefather’sjoyathissonbeingaccepted.Inthebottomoftheeighthinning,Shay’steamscoredafewrunsbutwasstillbehindbythree.Inthetopofthefinalinning,Shayputonagloveandplayedinthefield.Eventhoughnohitscamehisway,hewasobviouslyjoyfuljusttobeinthegameandonthefield.Inthebottomofthefinalinning,Shay’steamscoredagain.Now,Shaywasscheduledtobenextatbat.WouldtheyletShaybatandgiveawaytheirchancetowinthegame?Surprisingly,Shaywasgiventhebat.Everyoneknewthatahitwasalmostimpossible.Thefirstpitch(投)cameandShaymissed.ThepitcheragaintookafewstepsforwardtothrowtheballsoftlytowardsShay.Asthepitchcamein,Shayswungattheballandhitaslowgroundballrightbacktothepitcher.ThepitchercouldhaveeasilythrowntheballtothefirstbasemanandShaywouldhavebeenoutandthatwouldhavebeentheendofthegame.Instead,thepitcherthrewtheballrightovertheheadofthefirstbaseman,beyondthereachofallteammates.Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamsstartedscreaming,“Shay,runtofirst!”NeverinhislifehadShayeverrunthatfarbutmadeittofirstbase,wide-eyedandshocked.Everyoneshouted,“Runtosecond!”Catchinghisbreath,Shayawkwardlyrantowardssecond.BythetimeShayroundedtowardssecondbase,thesmallestguyontheirteam,whohadachancetobetheheroforhisteamforthefirsttime,couldhavethrowntheballtothesecondbaseman,butheunderstoodthepitcher’sintentionsandhe,too,intentionallythrewtheballhighandfaroverthethirdbaseman’shead.Allwerescreaming,“Shay,Shay,Shay,allthewayShay.”Shayreachedthirdbasewhenoneopposingplayerrantohelphimandshouted,“Shay,runtothird.”AsShayroundedthird,allwereontheirfeet,crying,“Shay,runhome!”Shayrantohome,steppedonthehomebaseandwascheeredastheherowhowonthegameforhisteam.Thatday,theboysfrombothteamshelpedbringapieceoftrueloveandhumanityintothisworld.Shaydidn’tmakeittoanothersummeranddiedthatwinter,havingneverforgottenbeingtheheroandmakinghisfathersohappyandcominghomeandseeinghismothertearfullyhugherlittleherooftheday!21.Inthebottomofthefinalinning,Shaywasgiventhebatbecausetheboys______.A.fellforcedtogiveShayanotherchanceB.wouldliketohelpShayenjoythegameC.foundShaywassoeagertobeawinnerD.believedtheyweresuretowinthegame22.WhichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithShay’sbecomingtheheroforhisteam?A.Oneoftheopposingplayersrantohelphim.B.Thepitcherdidnotthrowtheballtothefirstbaseman.C.Theopposingplayersfailedtostophisrunningtohome.D.Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamscheeredforhim.23.Whatdoyouthinkisthethemeofthestory?A.Truehumannaturecouldberealizedinthewaywetreateachother.B.Everyonecandevelophisteamspiritinsportsandpleasehisparents.C.Theresultsofthegameshouldnotbetheonlyconcernoftheplayers.D.Everyonehashisownstrengthevenifmentallyorphysicallydisabled.BAstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(发电)andtransmission(输送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesuuroudingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowmtomoveelectricityaround.The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.Withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneedalternativeenergybadly,andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade-offswillhavetobemade.Somescenicsportwillbesacrificed.Somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanwestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadandthehighway.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade—offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.Solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.24.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.B.Somerailroadstopsremained.C.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.25.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetransmissionofpower B.TheuseofmoneyandpowerC.Theconservationofsolarenergy D.Theselectionofanidealplace26.whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A.Cautious B.Approving C.Doubtful D.Disapproving27.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestB.HowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWestC.HowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReducedD.HowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettledCHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.28.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician29.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB.achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches30.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld31.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.七选五(共5小题;每小题3分，共15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia,orfearofenclosedspaces,isoneofthemostcommonfears.Claustrophobiacanbedeepfearorevenpanicasaresultofbeinginasmallspace.Claustrophobiacandevelopafteratroublingchildhoodexperience(suchasbeingtrappedinasmallspaceduringachildhoodgame),orfromanotherunpleasantexperiencelateroninliferelatedtosmallspaces(suchasbeingstuckinalift).___32___Thisresponsethenbecomesprogrammedinthebrain,makinganassociationbetweenbeinginatightspaceandfeelinganxiousorout-of-control.Asaresult,thepersonoftendevelopsclaustrophobia.AccordingtoMarkPowers,Ph.D.,AssociateProfessorofPsychologyatSouthernMethodistUniversity,“Claustrophobiaisaspecificfearandnotatypeofpanicdisorder.Theprimaryspecificdangerforecastsforclaustrophobiaarethateitherthepersonwillbetrappedorrunoutofair.”___33___Claustrophobiasymptomscaninclude:sweating,acceleratedheartbeat,upsetstomach,passingout,light-headedness,shaking,breathingproblem,etc.Somecommonsituationscancauseanxietyinclaustrophobiasufferers.Theclaustrophobiasuffererwilllookforanexitwheninsidearoom,avoiddrivingonthehighwayormajorroadswherethereisheavytrafficwheninsideacar,avoidtakingliftswheninsideabuilding,orstandnearadoorwhenataparty.___34___Claustrophobiacanhaveharmfulsocialandpsychologicaleffects,sincethepatientwilloftenavoidsituationsinwhichshethinksshewillhaveananxietyattack,leadingtohidingandsadness.___35___AccordingtoDr.Powers,“Exposuretreatment,aformofmind-behavioraltreatment,usuallyresultsinatotalreductioninanxietysymptomsifconductedproperly.”Floodingisatypeofexposuretreatmentinwhichthepersonisexposedtoasituationuntiltheanxietyattackpasses;alessextremeformofexposuretreatmentiscounter-conditioning.Counterconditioningincludesbehaviortreatment,asthepersonistaughtvisualizationandrelaxationtechniquesbeforebeingslowlyreintroducedtothecausesituation.___36___Medicationstohelptreatclaustrophobiaincludethingswhichhelptoeasetheheartpoundingoftenassociatedwithanxietyattacks.A.Thegoodnewsisthatclaustrophobiaisverytreatable.B.Thepastexperiencecantracebacktothemomentofbirth.C.Accordingtosomedoctors,claustrophobiaisworsethanthefearofheights.D.Whenapersonexperiencessuchanevent,itcanoftencauseafrighteningpanicattack.E.Inextremecases,theverysightofacloseddoorcanleadtofeelingsofanxietyinaperson.F.Treatmentforclaustrophobiacanalsoincludemedicationoracombinationofseveraltreatments.G.Whenapersonwithclaustrophobiafindsherselfinarestrictedspace,herbodyrespondsincertainways.第四部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第53、54题2分，55题3分，56题5分，共12分)In1983,HowardGardner,aprofessoratHarvard,publishedFramesofMind:TheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences.Inthebook,hepresentedonetypeofintelligencethateveryonemustdevelopiftheywanttobesuccessful.Thatisemotionalintelligence.Emotionalintelligencereferstotheabilitytoidentifyandregulateyourownemotions.Itmeanshavingadeepunderstandingofyourself,knowingyourownstrengthsandweaknesses,andhandlingreactionsandemotionswisely.Emotionalintelligenceiscriticalforsuccessinalmostanyfieldanditisespeciallyimportantforhigh-stressenvironments,forexample,whentimesaretoughandwhenapersonwantstoquitorisfearful.Weallknowhighlyemotionalpeople.Ratherthanreactwisely,theytendtolettheiremotionsruntheirlives,oftensayingordoingsomethingtheymaylaterregret.I’veseenmanypeopledothisonsocialmedia,gettinginargumentswithlovedonesovertrivialstuffbecausetheyhavedifferentopinions.Thisinabilitytomastertheselfleadstomanystrugglesandheartachesforpeople.Emotionalintelligence

doesnotmeanbeingvoid(没有)ofemotions.Itmeansyouknowitisokaytobeangry,justnotout-of-controlangry.Youknowit’sokaytofeelhurt,butitisnotokaytodosomethingstupidinthenameofrevenge(报复).Manyofusknowpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,butallowtheiremotionstodamagetheirlives.Now,reflectonhowyoumanageyouremotions.Areyousmartinthewayyouexpresswhatyou’refeeling,especiallywhenthepressureison?37.Accordingtothepassage,whatis“emotionalintelligence”?38.Howdohighlyemotionalpeopledealwiththeiremotions?39.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.It’simportanttokeepyouremotionsundercontrol,sowhenyougethurt,youshouldneithergetangrynordostupidthingsforrevenge.40.Inyourdailylife,whatcanyoudotobettermanageyouremotions?第三节作文(共20分)41.假设你是红星中学高二(1)班学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim想了解你的寒假生活。请你给Jim回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.寒假经历与收获；2.新学期计划。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________