【名师教与练】Unit 5 第2课时 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）-2022-2023学年高一英语同步备课系列人教版2019必修第一册

Unit5ReadingandThinking习题检测基础知识自测一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．（2021·广东·铁一中学高一开学考试）YuanLongping,________(把……视为)as“FatherofHybridRice”,isagreatmaninChina.2．（2022·江苏·海安高级中学高一阶段练习）_______(依据，基于)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionratherthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.3．（2022·江苏省南通中学高一阶段练习）WastheGreatwallfirstbuiltfromtheQin________(朝)?4．（2022·吉林·梅河口市第五中学高一阶段练习）Itisclearthathisvoicewasshaking________(尽管，即使)alltheeffortstocontrolit.5．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）Ican’tunderstandwhyhedidthat—it’squiteoutofhis________(性格).二、用单词的适当形式完成句子6．（2022·上海市奉贤中学高一阶段练习）I_____________(appreciate)itverymuchifyoucouldposttheletterforme.7．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）Thenewsthat________(globe)warminghasaffectedthelifeofanimalsisratherdepressing.8．（2022·河北·石家庄精英中学高一阶段练习）Wewereallimpressedbythestatueofthehorse________(date)backtotheXiadynasty.（所给词的适当形式填空）9．（2022·全国·高一单元测试）Inspiteofups________downs,sheneverlosesheart.10．（2022·全国·高一单元测试）Expertssaythatthe_________(vary)ofthingsprovidedtochoosefromisoneofthereasonsforshoppingtoomuch.11．（2022·全国·高一单元测试）Several________(factor)haveledtothedisasterthathappenedinthesmallvillage.12．（2022·全国·高一单元测试）Calligraphy________(regard)asanartform,andIreallyenjoyit.13．（2021·广东·揭阳第一中学高一阶段练习）Heisalwayscominglateforclassfor___________(variety)reasons.14．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）Whenyougohome,pleasegivemy______（regard）toyourparents.（所给词的适当形式填空）15．（2022·湖南·长沙一中高一阶段练习）Allmyresearchhashelpedmeappreciatetheimportanceofprotectingheritagesitesofhuman__________(civil).（所给词的适当形式填空）学科素养提升三、阅读理解A（2022·广西南宁·高一期末）Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifferencesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnonlymakesmoresensewhenlearningasecondlanguage.AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinese,forexample,becausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirst,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRomanalphabet.Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguageseasily,whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner'smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.However,Tabassaran,aCaucasianlanguagehas48cases,soitmightcausemoredifficultyifBritishdiplomatshadtolearnit.Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.Therefore,itisimpossibletosaythatthereisonelanguagethatisthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.16．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．ThequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletofirstlanguageacquisitionB．ThequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletosecondlanguageacquisitionC．Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisapplicabletobothfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition.D．Therearetoomanylanguagesintheworldsoit’sdifficulttosaywhichoneisthemostdifficulttolearn.17．WhichlanguagewillanativePortuguesespeakerprobablyfindeasiertolearn?A．Chinese,becausePortugueseuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage.B．Japanese,becauseitissimilartotheirownlanguage.C．Spanish,becauseitalsousesRomanalphabet.D．AnyonebutChinese,becauseitspronunciationisverydifficult.18．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph3？A．Aparticularsituationorenvironment.B．ThedegreeofeducationthatsomebodyhasobtainedC．Teachers’encouragement.D．Professionaltraining.19．Theauthorismostlikelytoagree____________A．NotHungarian’swritingsystembutitsgrammaticalcomplexitycausesproblemsfornativeBritishspeakers.B．TabassaranisthehardestlanguagetolearnintheworldfornativeEuropeanspeakers.C．ManyBritishdiplomatslearnTabassaran.D．Learningadifferentwritingsystemiseasy.B（2021·四川·简阳市阳安中学高一期中）Manypeoplebelievethatyoulosetheabilitytolearnnewlanguagesasyougetolder.Languageexperts,however,willtellyouthatyou’renevertoooldtolearnanewlanguage.Asyougetolder,itcanbemoredifficulttolearnanewlanguage,though.Childrenandadultslearnnewlanguagesindifferentways.Forchildren,languageistheirlife.Theystudyforthousandsofhourseveryyear,becausetheyneedtolearnlanguagestobecomepartoftheircommunities.Adults,ontheotherhand,arealreadypartofalanguagecommunity.Learninganewlanguagemeansbecomingpartofanotherlanguagecommunity,andadultsrarelygetthechancetopracticeasmuchasyoungchildrendo.Moreover,childrenlearninganewlanguageareexpectedtomakemistakes.Thisgivesthemfreedomwhenlearningtobedaringandconfident.Adults,however,oftenfeelpressuredtobeperfectwhenlearninganewlanguage.Thiscandiscouragemanypeopleandmakeitevenhardertolearnanewlanguage.Whenyoungchildrenlearnanewlanguage,theycometoseevariouslanguagesasa“normal”partofsociety.Thismindset(思维模式)helpsthemembracelearninganewlanguagewithoutfeelinglikethey’redoingsomethingunusualor“toohard”.Soifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,goforit!It’snevertoolatetolearnanewlanguage.Ifyou’reolder,itmaytakemorework,butitcanbedone.Ifyou’reayoungchild,though,nowisthetimetostepoutandlearnanewlanguage!20．By“languageistheirlife”,theauthormeansthatchildren.A．can’tlivewithoutlanguageB．leadahappylifeeverydayC．practiceanewlanguagealotD．aretakengoodcareofadults21．Whatmaymakeithardfortheoldpeopletolearntoanewlanguage?A．TheyareafraidofbeinglaughedatB．TheyusuallyhavetoomanyinterestsC．TheythinkmakingmistakesisnaturalD．Theyalwaysmakeallkindsofmistakes22．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlearninganewlanguage?A．ThebehaviorstheyhaveB．ThelearningattitudesC．ThefutureplanstheyhavemadeD．Thematerialstheyareusing23．Accordingtotheauthor,anewlanguage.A．canneverbelearnedbytheoldpeopleB．canbegraspedbytheoldpeopleeasilyC．canbeunderstoodonlybytheoldpeopleD．canbelearnedbyboththeoldandtheyoung四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（2022·江苏·高一课时练习）ManyEnglishlanguagelearnersbelievethatthe___24___(great)difficultywithlisteningcomprehension(理解)isthatthelistenercannotcontrolhowquicklyaspeakerspeaks.Theyfeelthatwhatthespeakersaysdisappears___25___theycanfollow.Thisfrequentlymeansthatstudents___26___arelearningtolistencannotkeepup.Theyaresobusy___27___(work)outthemeaningofonepartofwhattheyhearthattheymissthenextpart.Orthey___28___(simple)ignoreawholesectionbecausetheyfailtocatchitquicklyenough.Anotherdifficultyisthatthelistenerisnotalwaysinapositiontogetthespeakertorepeatwhathasbeensaid.And,ofcourse,repeatscannot___29___(ask)forwhenlisteningtotheradioorwatchingTV.Besides,___30___(choose)ofvocabularyisinthehandsofthespeaker,notthelistener.Veryoften,forpeoplelisteningtoaforeignlanguage,anunknownwordcanbelikeasuddenly___31___(drop)stonemakingthemstopandthinkaboutthemeaningoftheword,___32___(cause)themtomissthenextpartofthespeech.Inlistening,itreallyisacaseof“Hewho___33___(stop)toworkoutthemeaningislost”.参考答案：1．regarded【详解】考查动词。句意：被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国的伟人。根据汉语提示可知应填动词regard，且与构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填regarded。2．Basing【详解】考查现在分词。句意：把一个重要的决定建立在情感上而不是理性上，你迟早会后悔的。表示“依据，基于”应用动词base。base…on…意为“把……建立在……基础上”。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。主语you和base构成逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词，作状语，置于句首首字母应大写。故填basing。3．Dynasty【详解】考查名词。句意：长城是从秦朝开始修建的吗？根据汉语提示可知应填名词dynasty，专有名词首字母大写。故填Dynasty。4．despite【详解】考查介词。句意：很明显，他的声音在颤抖，尽管我们尽了一切努力来控制它。根据汉语提示可知应填介词despite，故填despite。5．character【详解】考查名词。句意：我不明白他为什么那样做，这完全不符合他的性格。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词character，作of的宾语。故填character。6．wouldappreciate【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你能帮我寄一下这封信，我会很感激。固定句型：Iwouldappreciateitif...“如果……我将不胜感激”，故填wouldappreciate。7．global【详解】考查形容词。句意：全球变暖影响动物生活的消息令人相当沮丧。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词warming；globe对应的形容词为global“全球的”，globalwarming意为“全球变暖”。故填global。8．dating【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我们都对夏朝的马雕像印象深刻。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且thehorse和datebackto(追溯到)为主动关系，再根据句意可知，此空应填现在分词作后置定语，修饰前面名词thehorse。故填dating。9．and【详解】考查固定短语。句意：尽管有起起落落，她从不灰心。固定短语upsanddowns表示“盛衰沉浮”。故填and。10．variety【详解】考查名词。句意：专家们说可供选择的东西的多样化是购物太多的一个原因。分析句子可知，此处应填名词，作主语，表示多样性。根据谓语动词“is”可知，主语为单数形式。故填variety。11．factors【详解】考查名词。句意：几个因素导致了发生在那个小村庄的灾难。空处为句子主语，依据空前的Several，可知应填名词的复数形式factors。故填factors。12．isregarded【详解】考查时态语态。句意：书法被视为一种艺术形式，我非常喜欢它。空处应填谓语动词的形式，主语Calligraphy与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态，且“书法被看作是一种艺术形式”是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，beregardedas(被视为)，主语不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填isregarded。13．various【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于各种各样的原因，他上课总是迟到。分析句子可知，“reasons”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“variety”意为“不同种类”，名词词性，对应的形容词为“various”，意为“各种各样的”，做定语。故填various。14．regards【详解】考查名词。句意：当你回家时，请代我向你父母问好。根据句意，giveone'sregardstosb.代问某人好，regard问好，可数名词，一般用复数形式regards，作宾语。故填regards。15．civilization【详解】考查名词。句意：我所有的研究都让我认识到保护人类文明遗产的重要性。作介词的宾语，应用名词civilization。故填civilization。16．D

17．C

18．A

19．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了世界上哪一种语言最难学。16．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.可知，人们经常问，哪一种语言是最难学的，这个问题不容易回答，因为要考虑的因素太多了。世界上有太多的语言，所以很难说哪一种语言最难学。故选D。17．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinese,forexample,becausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,可知，例如，对比母语为汉语的人，母语为西班牙语的人会发现葡萄牙语更容易学习，因为葡萄牙语与西班牙语非常相似一个当地的Portuguese人会发现西班牙语最容易学，因为它也使用罗马字母。故选C。18．词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner'smotivationforlearning.老师和学习环境，还有每个学者的学习动机，在学语言中也扮演着重要作用。划线词的意思应该是“一个特别的境况和环境”。故选A。19．推理判断题。根据第四段中thelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.可知，他们发现问题最多的语言是匈牙利语，它使用与英语相似的字母表，但有35种格(名词的形式取决于它是主语、宾语、属格等等)。这并不是说匈牙利语对每个人来说都是最难学的语言，但它使一般习惯学习语言的英国外交人员最为困难。由此判断出不是匈牙利语的书写体系而是它的语法复杂性给本地英语学者带来麻烦。故选A。20．C

21．A

22．B

23．D【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者论述了年轻人和较长者学语言的不同，年长者不是没有能力学习语言而是需要付出较多。20．推理判断题。作者说Forchildren,languageistheirlife.根据下文的Theystudyforthousandsofhourseveryyear,becausetheyneedtolearnlanguagestobecomepartoftheircommunities.他们每年学习数千个小时，因为他们需要学习语言才能成为他们社区的一部分和youngchildrencanaccumulate(积累)thosehours

overseveralyearsastheygrowup.随着年龄的增长，孩子们会在数年的时间里积累这些时间。由此判断出孩子们有大量的时间去学习和练习语言，故选C。21．细节理解题。根据第三段Adults,however,oftenfeelpressuredtobeperfectwhenlearninganewlanguage.Thiscandiscouragemanypeopleandmakeitevenhardertolearnanewlanguage.可知，然而，成年人在学习一门新语言时，往往会感到要做到完美有压力。这可能会让很多人泄气，让学习一门新语言变得更加困难。所以成年人学语言时有压力怕出错，这就阻碍了他们学语言。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据文章第二Childrenandadultslearnnewlanguagesindifferentways.儿童和成人学习新语言的方式不同。第三段Moreover,childrenlearninganewlanguageareexpectedtomakemistakes.而且，孩子在学习一门新语言的时候也会犯错误。第四段Whenyoungchildrenlearnanewlanguage,theycometoseevarious

languagesasa“normal”partofsociety.当小孩子学习一门新语言时，他们会把各种语言看作是社会“正常”的一部分。可知，通过对比可知孩子和成年人学语言的目的不同、态度不同会导致学习结果的不同。由此判断出学习的态度的不同是儿童和成人在学习一门新语言方面的差异。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据文章内容及最后一段It’snevertoolatetolearnanewl