【名师教与练】Unit 4 第1课时 Listening and Speaking（分层作业）-2022-2023学年高一英语同步备课系列人教版2019必修第一册

Unit4ListeningandSpeaking习题检测基础知识自测一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．Wemuststoptheecologicalsystemfrom__________(destroy)byhumanactivities.2．Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelslike______________（flood）withobjects.3．Becauseofhumanactivities,thesoilinthisregionhasbeen________（destroy）andturnedintodesert.4．Thisautumn,agreatnumberofcropsinthearea________________(damage).5．Thislockis_________(damage).Thisdoorwillneveropen.6．A19-meterspermwhale________(rescue)fromtheshoresofXiangshancountyinNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,onApril20.7．The_______(die)ofKobeshockedpeopleallovertheworld.8．Suchdangerscanhave______(disaster)impactsnotonlyonthesitesthemselvesbutalsoonpeople.二、根据汉语意思填写单词9．Theoldwomanlivedahappylifeanddiedanatural____________（死亡）.10．Youtoldmethatyouwereworriedaboutthosebadstudyhabitswhich____________(影响)yourlearning.11．Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________(援救；营救)disappearinglanguages.12．Theearthquakeisanatural________(灾难),whichoftenresultsinmanypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.13．Thevillages__________(毁坏)completelyintheearthquakehasbeenrebuilt.14．Largenumbersofyoungpeoplehave_____(涌入)intotheareainsearchofjobs.15．Earthquakesareoneofthemostdeadlynatural________(灾难)intheworld.16．Theyopeneda________(避难所)toprovidetemporaryhousingforthecity'shomeless.学科素养提升三、阅读理解（2022·新疆克孜勒苏·高一期中）OnFebruary3,1931thepeaceofNewZealand'sHawkesBayregionwasdestroyedwhentheareawashitbytheworstearthquakeinNewZealand'shistory.At10:46amonthatsummer'sday,thequakehitwithamagnitudeof7.9ontheRichterscale（里氏震级）.Thecentreofthequakeliedsome15to20kilometersnorthofthetwomaincenters,NapierandHastings.Thequakelastedfortwoandahalfminutes.Manypeoplediedintheearthquake.Afirebrokeoutimmediatelyafterthequake.Thefirestartedinachemist'sshopandspreadquickly.ThentheFireDepartmentinNapiercametohelp,buttheywereatalosstocontrolthefireasaresultoflosingtheirwatersupply.However,thewatersupplyinHastings,wasstillusable,allowingthemtofightbackagainstthefire.Theforceoftheearthquakedestroyedmanyofthecity'sfamouslandmarks（地标）.Chunksofthecoastlinewerethrownintothesea.Napier'sBluffHill,apopulartouristspot,wascompletelydestroyedandthrownintothewatersbelow.Mostofthemajorbuildingsinthecitywerecompletelydestroyed.Roadsandcommunicationsacrossthewholeareawerecut.PeoplewereafraidtoentertheirhomesfordaysandfoundsheltersatthelocalMotorCamporonthebeach.Therewereabout150aftershocks（余震）inthe24hoursafterthemainshock.Overthenext2weeks,therewouldbe525suchaftershocks.17．TheworstearthquaketookplaceinNewZealand_______.A．atnight B．inthemorningC．atnoon D．intheafternoon18．ThefirefightersinNapierfailedtoputoutthefireprobablybecause_______.A．therewasnousablewater B．theycouldn'tgetclosetoitC．theflamesspreadtooquickly D．Thewindwasverystrong19．Thelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusthat_______.A．thereweremanyplacesofinterestinNewZealandB．theearthquakedamagedthecityseriouslyC．manyfamouslandmarkswerethrownintotheseaD．peoplewereafraidtoentertheirhomesforsleep20．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．The1931Hawke'sBayearthquakeB．NewZealand'stwocitiesC．ThegreatfireafterthegreatearthquakeD．Thecity'sfamouslandmarks四、七选五Wouldyouknowwhattodoifafirestartedinyourhome?Takethetimenowtoreviewthefollowingsafetytips,andyourfamilywillbepreparedintimeofafireinyourhome:___21___Anescapeplancanhelpeverymemberofafamilygetoutofaburninghouse.Theideaistogetoutsidequicklyandsafely.___22___Soitisimportanttolearnandrememberthedifferentwaysoutofyourhome.StaylowIfyoucanseesmokeinthehouse,staylowtothegroundasyoumakeyourwaytotheexit.

___23___Youwillbreathelesssmokeifyoustaytotheground.Smokenaturallyrises,soifthereissmokewhileyouareusingyourescaperoute，stayinglowmeansyoucancrawl(爬)undermostofit.Whatifyoucan’tgetoutrightaway?Ifyoucan’tgetoutfastbecausefireorsmokeisstoppinganescaperoute,youwillwanttoyellforhelp.Youcandothisfromanopenwindoworcall911ifyouhaveaphonewithyou.___24___Then,firefighterswillhaveahardtimefindingyou.Thesoonertheyfindyou,thesooneryoubothcangetout.Ifyourclothescatchfire,whatshouldyoudo?Yourclothescouldcatchfireduringafireorbyaccidentifyousteptooclosetoacandle.Ifthishappens,don’trun!Instead,stop,droptotheground,coveryourfacewithyourhands,androll.Thiswillcutofftheairandputouttheflames.___25___A．Aneasywaytorememberthisis:Stop,Drop,andRoll!B．Smokefromafirecanmakeithardtoseewherethingsare.C．Preventingfiresisinthefirstplace!D．KnowyourwayoutE．Theywillhelpprepareyouforwhatyouneedtodoincaseofafire.F．Evenifyouarescared,neverhideunderthebedorinacloset.G．Inafire,smokeandpoisonous(有毒的)airhurtmorepeople,thantheactualflames(火焰)do.五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2021·河北唐山·高一期中）Thehurricanehappenedsoquickly.Iwassitinginmyroomwithmycat,Smartie,onmylap,___26___theroofjustflewoff.Allof___27___sudden,therewasskywheretheroofhadbeen.Therainwascomingdownhardandfast.Ourstreetturnedintoariverin___28___(second).Atfirst,Iwas___29___(please)wecouldstayathome,butsoonitgotreallytough.Withoutaroof,stayinginsidewastoodangerous.Wejusthaddrinkingwaterthatwassent___30___usbyhelicopter,butitwasneverenough.Ijust___31___(spend)thedayswatchingtheboatsgoingupanddownthestreetandSmariehaddisappearedthemomentthestormhit.Livingintheopenair,webecamebreakfast，lunchanddinnerforthemosquitos.ButMomencouragedus___32___(see)thegoodsideofthings.Wehadlostourhomeandeverything，includingSmartie.Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewe___33___(rescue),itfeltlikemonths.Weweretakentoanothertown.Thankfully,Smartiecamehomejustintime.Now,oneyearhaspassedandI'mbackhomeinNewOrleans.Wehaveenoughconfidencetorebuildourhomesandourlives.Nowwecan___34___(peaceful)watchthestarsofNewOrleans,theirbeautyinspiringusandgivingus____35____(strong)tomoveon.参考答案：1．beingdestroyed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须阻止生态系统被人类活动破坏。动名词作宾语，且destroy与theecologicalsystem构成被动关系，应用beingdone形式。故填beingdestroyed。2．tobeflooded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人理解被杂事淹没的感觉。what既是主句Adultsunderstand的宾语，也是宾语从句的引导词，在宾语从句中还是动词短语feellike的宾语；it作形式主语，用不定式作真正的主语；Adults与flooded之间是被动关系，应用被动态；故填tobeflooded。3．destroyed【详解】考查语态。句意：由于人类的活动，这个地区的土壤被破坏，变成了沙漠。soil与destroy之间是被动关系，应用被动态。故填destroyed。4．weredamaged【详解】考查时态语态。句意：今年秋天，这个地方很多农作物都受到了损害。本句时间状语是Thisautumn，说明本句叙述过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时；主语agreatnumberofcrops与动词damage构成被动关系，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态weredamaged。故填weredamaged。5．damaged【详解】考查形容词。句意：锁被损坏了。这扇门无法打开。分析句子结构，设空处应用过去分词damaged转换而来的形容词“被破坏的”作表语。故填damaged。6．wasrescued【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：4月20日，一条19米长的抹香鲸在浙江省宁波市象山县海岸获救。根据句中时间状语onApril20可知，用一般过去时。主语A19-meterspermwhale与rescue之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填wasrescued。7．death【详解】考查名词。句意：科比的死震惊了全世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作主语；die的名词death“死亡”作主语，符合题意；此处特指科比的死亡，名词需用单数。故填death。8．disastrous【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种危险不仅会对网站本身产生灾难性的影响，还会对人们产生影响。根据空后名词impacts可知，设空处应用形容词作定语。disaster是名词，意为“灾难”，其形容词形式是disastrous。故填disastrous。9．death【详解】考查名词。句意：老妇人过着幸福的生活，自然地死去了。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据汉语提示，death意为“死亡”，为名词。故填death。10．affected/influenced【详解】考查动词。句意：你告诉我你担心那些不良的学习习惯会影响你的学习。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词affect或者influence，由空前时态可知，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填affected/influenced。11．rescue【详解】考查动词。句意：许多学者正在努力拯救正在消失的语言。根据汉语提示可知，rescue援救，营救，动词，结合短语makeeffortstodosth.，意为“做出努力做某事”，空前的to是不定式符号，空处应填动词原形。故填rescue。12．disaster【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是一种自然灾害，经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。根据汉语提示可知，disaster灾难，可数名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填disaster。13．destroyed【详解】考查时态。句意：在地震中完全毁坏的村庄已经重建起来。根据词义提示可知，使用动词destroy，它作后置定语修饰villages，与villages构成被动关系，使用过去分词的形式。故填destroyed。14．flooded【详解】考查动词。句意：数以万计的年轻人涌入这个地区寻找工作。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，动词flood“涌入”符合题意，此处应用其过去分词形式和have构成现在完成时。故填flooded。15．disasters【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是世界上最致命的自然灾害之一。根据汉语提示“灾难”可知，应用名词disaster作宾语，oneof...后加可数名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”。故填入disasters。16．shelter【详解】考查名词。句意：他们开了一个避难所，为该市的无家可归者提供临时住所。根据句意以及汉语提示，空处应用名词shelter，表示“避难所”，空前出现不定冠词a，空处应填名词的单数形式，作动词opened的宾语。故填shelter。17．B

18．A

19．B

20．A【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在1931年所发生的一次严重的地震。这次地震造成了财产的大量的损失以及人员的伤亡，海岸线被破坏了，旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句At10：46amonthatsummer'sday，thequakehitwithamagnitudeof7.9ontheRichterscale（里氏震级）（夏季的一天上午10：46，发生了7.9级地震）可知，在新西兰那次最严重的地震是在上午发生的故选B。18．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的buttheywereatalosstocontrolthefireasaresultoflosingtheirwatersupply（但是由于没有水供应，他们无法控制火势）可知，Napier的消防员们无法将火扑灭主要是因为他们没有水。故选A19．主旨大意题。根据最后两段Chunksofthecoastlinewerethrownintothesea.Napier'sBluffHill,apopulartouristspot,wascompletelydestroyedandthrownintothewatersbelow…Mostofthemajorbuildingsinthecitywerecompletelydestroyed.Roadsandcommunicationsacrossthewholeareawerecut.PeoplewereafraidtoentertheirhomesfordaysandfoundsheltersatthelocalMotorCamporonthebeach.（大块大块的海岸线被抛入大海。纳皮尔的断崖山，一个很受欢迎的旅游景点，被完全摧毁了，并被扔进了下面的水里……整个地区的道路和通讯都被切断。几天来，人们不敢进入自己的家，只能在当地的汽车营地或海滩上寻找避难所）可判断出，这两段主要介绍的是这次地震对这个城市所造成的严重破坏．海岸线被破坏了，旅游景点也破坏了、城市以及道路都遭到严重损失，给人们生活带来极大不便。由此可知，地震对城市破坏严重。故选B。20．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要介绍的是新西兰的霍克斯湾在1931年所发生的一次严重的地震，以及给这座城市所带来的损害。A项能体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故选A。21．D

22．B

23．G

24．F

25．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在家里发生火灾时应做好哪些准备。21．此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，在B/D中选择。再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，D项Knowyourwayout（知道你的逃生出路）切题。故选D。22．下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同方式是很重要的。”承接下文，B项Smokefromafirecanmakeithardtoseewherethingsare.（火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里。）切题。故选B。23．上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你往出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”承接上文，G项Inafire,smokeandpoisonous(有毒的)airhurtmorepeople,thantheactualflames(火焰)do.（在火灾中，烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。）切题。前后是一种因果关系，故选G。24．根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”承接下文，F项Evenif