2026《金版教程》高考复习方案英语人教经典版-UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

一背记单词/词块◎医学相关1．choleran.霍乱2．severeadj.十分严重的3．diarrhoean.腹泻4．dehydrationn.脱水5．germn.细菌；病菌6．epidemiologyn.流行病学7．microscopen.显微镜8．proteinn.蛋白质9．celln.细胞10．virusn.病毒11．vaccinen.疫苗12．plasman.血浆◎科学技术13．pumpn.泵；抽水机；打气筒14．waterpump水泵15．statisticn.统计数字；统计资料；统计学16．aerospacen.航空航天工业17．mechanicaladj.机械的18．mechanicn.机械师19．aviationn.航空制造业；航空；飞行20．jetn.喷气式飞机21．missilen.导弹22．astronomern.天文学家23．astronomyn.天文学24．telescopen.望远镜◎动作行为25．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购26．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑27．blamevt.把……归咎于28．handlevt.处理；搬动29．interventionn.介入30．linkvt.把……连接起来31．decreasevt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少32．castvt.投射33．pourvt.倒出34．leadershipn.领导35．tracevt.追溯36．shiftvi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向◎描述词37．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的38．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的39．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的40．substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的41．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的42．concreteadj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的43．patrioticadj.爱国的44．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的45．abstractadj.抽象的；理论上的46．besidesadv.而且；此外47．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的48．furthermoreadv.此外；再者◎其他49．householdn.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人50．frameworkn.框架；结构51．theoreticalframework理论框架52．shadown.阴影53．rnbown.彩虹54．conceptn.概念55．faultn.弱点；过错二词形变化1．severeadj.十分严重的→severelyadv.非常严重地→severityn.严重性2．frustratevt.使懊恼→frustratedadj.懊恼的→frustrationn.沮丧3．infectvt.使感染→infectionn.感染→infectiousadj.传染的→infectedadj.被感染的4．provevt.证明→proofn.证据5．intervenevi.干扰→interventionn.介入6．purifyvt.净化→pureadj.干净的→purelyadv.完全地7．transformvt.使改观→transformationn.转化→transformativeadj.有变革能力的8．thinkv.认为→thinkingn.思想→thoughtn.想法9．findv.发现→findingn.发现10．initialadj.最初的→initiallyadv.最初地11．defendvt.保卫→defense/defencen.防御→defendern.后卫→defensiveadj.防御的12．assistvt.&vi.帮助→assistantn.助理→assistancen.帮助13．giftn.礼物；天赋→giftedadj.有天赋的14．steadyadj.稳定的→steadilyadv.稳定地15．vividadj.生动的→vividlyadv.生动地1．HedescribedvividlywhathesawinLondon,givingusavividpictureaboutpeople'slifethere.(vivid)2．Withsolidproof,__thelawyercancertnlyprovethatheisinnocent.(prove)3．Initially,__Ientirelyknewabouttheinitialstepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)4．John,anassistant,__cametomyassistance;__thatistosay,heassistedmeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)5．Todefendherfrombeinghurt,Imustsaysomethinginherdefense/defence．(defend)6．Thegiftedmusicianhadagiftformusicwhenhewasachild,andnowheisgiftedatplayingmanymusicalinstruments.(gift)7．Ioftengotfrustratedinthisjobandtheconstantfrustrationalmostmademequitthejob.(frustrate)8．Withsteadypolicies,thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasingsteadily．(steady)三熟词生义1.handle[熟义]n.把手[生义]v.处理；搬动；应对；驾驶，操控2．solid[熟义]adj.固体的[生义]adj.可靠的；坚实的n.固体3．cast[熟义]v.投射(光、影、视线等)；投掷；向……投以[生义]v.为(戏剧、角色)选派演员；投票4．pour[熟义]v.倒；注；灌[生义]v.(水等)不断流出；不断涌向5．defend[熟义]v.防御；防卫[生义]v.为……辩护；为……辩解6．fault[熟义]n.过错；过失[生义]n.缺点；故障1．Thecarhasaseriousdesignfault.这款汽车存在着重大的设计缺陷。2．PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.从古希腊时起，人们就一直涌向体育馆。3．Thereissolidevidencetoshowhewasn'ttherewhenthecrimetookplace.有可靠证据证明案发时他不在现场。4．Iwasn'tsureifIcouldhandlesuchapowerfulcar.我没有把握是否能驾驶功率这样大的车。5．Musictalentsfrommanydifferentcountrieswerecast.来自不同国家的音乐人才被选中出演。6．Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselvesagnstacharge.法律允许人们在面对指控时为自己辩护。小积累wordfamilies1.“同意”短语大集合①subscribe__to同意；赞同②agreewith同意③in__agreement__with同意2.以­ship为后缀的高频名词①leadership领导地位②scholarship奖学金；学问；学术研究③friendship友谊④relationship关系⑤hardship苦难⑥championship冠军称号3.常见英语反义形容词①abstract抽象的concrete具体的②positive积极的negative消极的③optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的一词表短语1．once__and__for__all最终地；彻底地2．subscribe__to同意；赞同3．thanks__to幸亏；由于4．break__out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．in__charge__of主管；掌管6．come__down__with患(病)；染上(小病)7．above__all最重要的是；尤其是选用上面的短语填空1．Thanks__tothenewtechnology,wewereabletocompletetheprojectmuchfasterthanexpected.2．Hehadtostayhomefromworkbecausehecame__down__withaflu.3．Theydecidedtosettletheirdifferencesonce__and__for__allandmoveforwardasfriends.4．Isubscribe__tothebeliefthathonestyisthebestpolicyinanysituation.5．AstheCEO,sheisin__charge__ofmakingallmajordecisionsforthecompany.二写作词块1．die__from/of死于2．in__time及时；迟早3．be__likely__to__do__sth很可能做某事4．a__household__name一个家喻户晓的名字5．through__one's__tireless__efforts通过某人的不懈努力6．receive__a__hero's__welcome受到英雄般的欢迎7．in__the__area__of__frontier__scientific__research在前沿科学研究领域8．an__outstanding__and__creative__scientist一位杰出而有创造力的科学家9．have__a__gift/talent__for__...有……天赋10．have__a__great__impact__on对……有很大影响11．become__a__pioneer__in__...在……领域成为先驱12．discourage__sb__from__...阻止某人……1．(教材P2)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(until引导的时间状语从句)Cholera__used__to__be__one__of__the__most__feared__diseases__in__the__world,__until__a__British__doctor,__John__Snow,__showed__how__it__could__be__overcome.2．(教材P2)他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(so...that...“如此……以至于……”)He__discovered__that__in__two__particular__streets__the__cholera__outbreak__was__so__severe__that__more__than__500__people__died__in__ten__days.3．(教材P2)于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Accordingly,__he__had__the__handle__of__the__pump__removed__so__that__it__could__not__be__used.__自主检测一、重点单词1．frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrationn.沮丧；懊恼；挫败2．infectvt.使感染；传染→infectionn.感染；传染→infectiousadj.传染的→infectedadj.感染的3．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severelyadv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地→severityn.严重性4．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→transformationn.转化；转换；变换；变化→transformativeadj.有变革能力的；改变的5．provevt.证明linkingv.证明是→proofn.证据；证明；检验6．assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.帮助；协助；援助7．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen.防御；保卫；保护→defendern.防守队员；后卫→defensiveadj.防御的拔高词汇—高分必备1.basement/'beIsmənt/n.地下室2．blueprint/'bluːprInt/n.蓝图；行动方案3．warehouse/'weəhaʊs/n.仓库；货栈4．layout/'leIaʊt/n.布局；设计5.furnishing/'fɜːnIʃIŋ/n.家具及室内陈设6．betray/bI'treI/v.出卖，辜负；背叛；流露7．nurture/'nɜːtʃə(r)/vt.养育；培育；滋养；培植8．dwell/dwel/v.居住，栖身二、重点语块DrRobertHawkins,arenownedscientistin__charge__of(负责)acriticalenvironmentalresearchproject,facedimmensepressurewhenaseriesofnaturaldisastersbroke__out(爆发)acrosstheglobe.Manyblamed__him__for(因……指责他)notforeseeingtheseevents,butheknewthatscience,above__all(最重要的是),requiredpatienceandrigorousstudy.Hesubscribed__to(赞同)theideathatunderstandingnature'spatternscouldpreventfuturecatastrophes.Thanks__to(多亏)hisdedicatedteam,theydiscoveredacruciallinkbetweenhumanactivityandthesedisasters.Althoughhecame__down__with(感染)asevereillnessduringtheirintensiveresearch,hisworkultimatelyhadagreatimpactonglobalpolicies,once__and__for__all(彻底地)changinghowweapproachedenvironmentalconservation.三、重点句式1．我会一直等到你来看我。(until引导的时间状语从句)I'llwtforyouuntil__you__come__to__see__me．2．在旅行期间导游给我们讲有趣的故事，使我们一直发笑。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Theguidetoldusfunnystoriesandhad__us__laughing__during__the__journey．四、写作佳句1．【教材P2】然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。However,__he__never__lost__his__desire__to__destroy__cholera__once__and__for__all.2．【教材P3】幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。Fortunately,__we__now__know__how__to__prevent__cholera,__thanks__to__the__work__of__John__Snow.3．【教材P8】然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。Nevertheless,__Qian__did__not__let__that__discourage__him__from__taking__on__the__challenge.4．【教材P8】斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。Stephen__Hawking__was__one__of__the__most__famous__and__gifted__scientists__in__physics.硬核考点考点1blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责blamesbforsth因某事责备某人blamesthonsb/sth将某事归咎于某人/某物betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备take/beartheblamefor...承担……的责任put/place/laytheblame(for...)onsb/sth把(……的)责任推给某人/某物1.Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwasto__blame(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.2．Weallstolethecandytogether,butmysisterblameditallonme.3．蒂姆因为演出失败受到责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。Blamed__for__the__flure__of__the__performance,__Timfeltseizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldn'thelpcryingbitterly.4．当面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是把责任推给别人，这比失败本身更重要。(写作佳句)Whenfacedwithflure,weshouldreflectonourselvesinsteadofputting/placing/laying__the__blame__on__others,__whichismoreimportantthanflureitself.(blamen．)＝Whenfacedwithflure,weshouldreflectonourselvesinsteadofblaming__others,__whichismoreimportantthanflureitself.(blamev．)考点2linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联link...to/with...将……和……连接/联系起来belinkedto/with...与……有联系；与……连接起来a/thelinkbetween...and...……和……之间的联系1.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedto/withsmoking.2．Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople'slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.3．这些房间都配备了现代化的电子设备，所有设备都与互联网相连。Thoseroomsareequippedwithmodernelectronicfacilities,all__of__which__are__linked__to/with__the__Internet.考点3decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低decreaseby减少了decrease(from...)to(从……)减少到decreasein在某方面下降/减少/减小onthedecrease在减少adecreaseof...(in...)(在……方面)……的减少量1.Thenumberofnewstudentshasdecreasedfrom2，000to1，600inrecenttwoyears.2．Fatalroadaccidentshavedecreasedinfrequencyoverrecentyears.3.Thereisadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.4．如今，随着社会的发展，由于各种原因，野生大象的数量正以惊人的速度减少。(写作佳句)Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofsociety,the__number__of__wild__elephants__is__on__the__decrease/decreasing__at__an__alarming__rateduetovariousreasons.考点4pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；大量注入(资金)；涌流pour...into向……投入大量金钱；大量投资于……；川流不息地涌入pourout斟，倒(饮料)；毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；表露无遗；畅所欲言pourdown倾泻；倾盆而下1.Thegovernmenthaspouredmillionsintotheeducationsystem.2．Larrywaspouringoutfourglassesofchampagne.3．当简看到自己的努力得到回报时，幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(写作佳句)WhenJanesawhereffortspdoff,tears__of__happiness__poured__down__her__cheeks．4．知道母亲已经意识到了我的悲伤，我卸下了一天的伪装，尽情地倾诉我的沮丧。(写作佳句)Knowingthatmymotherhadrealizedmysadness,ItookoffthemaskthatIhadwornforthewholedayandpoured__out__my__upset__heartily．【外研版必修第三册写作佳句】Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。考点5defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解defend...agnst/from...保护……免受……defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护indefence/defense(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone'sdefence/defense为某人辩护1.Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence.2．Itisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchildagnst/fromharmanddanger.3．看到这条凶猛的蛇，他就像一支箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。(写作佳句)Seeingthisferocioussnake,herushedlikeanarrowin__defence/defense__of__his__son.考点6aboveall最重要的是；尤其是all其他常用短语搭配：afterall毕竟；终究allinall总之inall总共；合计firstofall首先allatonce突然onceandforall彻底地；一劳永逸地not...atall一点也不1.Hespentverylittletimeatschool,perhapsnomorethanayearinall.2．MymwasfirstofalltodeterminewhatIshoulddonext.3．我们两人都认为总的说来它或许不是个坏主意。Weboththoughtthatall__in__allitmightnotbeabadidea.4．最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。(写作佳句)Above__all,__IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,soIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwithothers.考点7until引导的时间状语从句not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句在not...until...句型结构中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序not...until...句型的强调句式为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...1.ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijingthatIhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.2．直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(写作佳句)Not__until__I__experienced__the__accident__was__I__aware__thatbadfortunemightbethedoorwtingtobeopened.(倒装句)＝It__was__not__until__I__experienced__the__accident__that__I__was__aware__thatbadfortunemightbethedoorwtingtobeopened.(强调句)考点8have＋宾语＋宾语补足语havesthdone使某事被做havesbdosth让某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth让某人一直做某事；让某事物处于某种状态havesthtodo有某事要做can'thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事1.WhatJennyhopesisthatMrSmithcouldsuggestagoodwaytohavethecurrentsituationimproved(improve)．2．Hecouldnothavehergetting(get)awaywithtellingpeoplelies.3．非常抱歉让你等了我这么久，因为我刚才有一件紧急的事情要处理。Iamterriblysorryforhaving__you__wting__for__meforsolong,becauseIhad__an__urgent__thing__to__attend__tojustnow.【外研版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】Together,theythoughtoutsidetheboxandbrokenewground,leadingtothebreakthroughofthehydrogenbomb.他们一起跳出思维定式，开拓新领域，在氢弹上取得了突破。强化训练一、单句语法填空1．Thereportdisclosesthathumanerrorwasto__blame(blame)fortheaccident.2．Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeenonthedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.3．Clearlyandvividly(vivid)written,thebookhelpsthestudentswhowishtoacquiremoreknowledge.4．Intheabsenceofproof(prove),thepolicecouldnottakeactionagnsttheman.5．Muchtoourjoy,hishealthisgettingsteadily(steady)betterwithtimegoingby.6．Whatpointscanbersedindefenceofthisargument?7．Theunionsdthattheywouldtakeactionto__defend(defend)theirmember'sjobs.8．Shewasanaccomplishedpianist,asuperbswimmer,andagifted(gift)artist.9．Asitturnedout,themechanicmadeaseveremistake,shifting(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.10．MyheartleapedwithjoyasIknewwewerelikelyto__be__rescued(rescue)．二、熟词生义1．Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsbutjudgingspeedanddistance.操控2．Theresearchlackssolidproof,andtherefore,itsconclusionsaredoubtful.可靠的3．Thecaptnknewtherewasanenginefaultbutdidn'twanttoalarmthepassengers.故障4．Aboutninety­fivepercentofthosewhocasttheirvotesapprovethenewconstitution.投票5．HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyerstodefendhim.为……辩护三、构词法词缀含义例词­ation表示性质，状态；行为；行动过程dehydration,__aviation,invitation,operation,consideration,communication,anticipation,acceleration,vacation写出下列黑体词的含义1．Dehydrationisalsoariskwhenyoueattoomuchprotein.脱水2．Aftercarefulconsiderationwehavedecidedtoofferyouthejob.考虑3．Thesystemhasbeeninoperationforsixmonths.运行4．She'sintwomindsaboutacceptinghisinvitation.邀请5．Therewasatremendouslackofcommunicationbetweenus.沟通6．There'sbeenanatmosphereofanticipationaroundhereforafewdaysnow.期待四、补全句子1．我不怪他们想要挣些钱。(blame)Idon't__blame__them__fortryingtomakesomemoney.2．由于大量的辛勤工作，这才大获成功。(thanksto)Itwasallagreatsuccess—thanks__to__a__lot__of__hard__work．3．那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(inchargeof)Theteacher,whohastaughtforover30years,isin__charge__of__the__school__work．4．当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股暖流涌入他的内心。(pourinto)A__warm__glow__poured__into__his__inner__heartashethoughtofPaul'sunselfishassistance.5．他背朝着我们，我们可以看到他在花园里，因为他正在用喷壶浇花。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Hehas__his__back__turned__to__us;__wecanseeheisinhisgarden,forheiswateringtheflowerswithawateringcan.6．直到老板回来后，他才离开办公室。(until引导的时间状语从句)Hedid__not__leave__the__office__untilhisbosscameback.五、长难句分析(2024·全国甲卷)ThistrningtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.句意：这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文——这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。分析：本句是一个主从复合句；upsidedown为副词短语作方式状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a__skill；whenever引导时间状语从句。读写用—素养提升一、深化阅读——明晰考向以阅读养阅读(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampgnshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,sddistracted(分心)drivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfortunately.”“Bigchangerequiresbigideas.”hesdinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emledordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands­freedrivinglaws.“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior，”sdFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand­helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesd,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafrdtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机开车时使用手机而“分心”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机开车时是否使用了手机。28．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent. D．Unfr.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Overthelastsevenyears...behindthewheel.(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)”以及第二段第一句“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。由此可推知，禁令是无效的。故选A。29．WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A．Whereadrivercamefrom.B．Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C．Howfastadriverwasgoing.D．Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thetechnologycoulddetermine...underNewYork'shands­freedrivinglaws.”可知，Textalyzer能够确定司机是否用手机发短信、发邮件或有过其他驾驶法不允许的行为。故选B。30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Advice. B．Data.C．Tests. D．Laws.答案：D解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在段落可知，本段主要介绍了FélixW.Ortiz推动该州2001年禁止司机持有设备，并认为我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，人们将会更加害怕使用手机。由此可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律。画线词something指代“法律”。故选D。31．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB．TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC．NewYorkBanningHand­HeldDevicesbyDriversD．TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer答案：B解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，由于司机在驾驶中频繁使用手机而造成交通事故频发，为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术成为真正的法案才能真正改变人们的行为。B项(发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器)适合作为文章的标题。故选B。猜测词义类——猜指代1．明确代词所指代内容的位置，充分把握代词指代内容所涉及段落的整体意义。2．利用“就近原则”从代词所在句的前一句或前几句中找出指代内容，替换画线代词，然后推理上下文是否符合逻辑，从而确定答案。3．it/this/that可指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或物；在定语从句中，which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。二、读后续写——必备微技能高品素材动作描写——“动头”1．shakeone'shead摇头2.drop/lower/bend/bow/hangone'shead低头3．nodone'shead点头4.lift/rseone'shead抬头5．buryone'sheadinone'shands双手抱着头6.clearone'shead清醒一下头脑7．holdone'sheadhigh昂首挺胸；高昂着头8.tiltone'shead歪着脑袋9．leanone'sheadforward头向前探出10.scratchone'shead挠了挠头11．one'sheadspins天旋地转12.turn/twistone'shead转头13．stickone'sheadout探头14.throwone'sheadback后仰15．one'sheadshakeslikearattle某人的脑袋像拨浪鼓一样摇晃16．duckone'shead缩头17.restone'sheadon/agnst把头靠在……上面18．one'sheaddroops＝droopone'shead耷拉着脑袋高效课时作业Ⅰ.阅读A(2025·广州市增城区高三质量检测)ScienceAfterDarkSeptember26,6：00pm～9：00pmCallingallexplorersofthenight!Readytomakeyoureveningsmoreinterestingwithanunforgettableadventure?ExperiencePacSci'sScienceAfterDark,theultimate21＋eventthatcombinesscience,art,andnightlifeinoneextraordinaryexperience!Exhibits•MagicalButterflies:WalkthroughourappealingButterflyHouseandgetupclosewiththesedelicatecreatures.•ArtMeetsTechnology:Releaseyourcreativitywithinteractiveexhibitswheretechnologybecomesyourcanvas(画布)oflightart.•ChillinStyle:Relaxinourbrand­newSensoryLounge,designedtoeaseyoursenses.•DancewithPixels:DiveintoacharmingworldwithMarcellMarias'pop­uplightartexhibition.Activities•ScienceScavengerHunt:Setoutonahunttodiscoverhidden“artifacts”andscoreafreescience­themedgift!•DanceSupport:CooperatewiththeprofessionalsfromTheBeacondancestudio.Areyoureadytoelevate(提升)yournights?Grabyourfriends,significantothers,orcolleagues,andjoinusforanightwherescienceandfuncombine.Don'tjustreadaboutit,liveit!TicketsBringingfriends?PacSciisnowofferingbuytwo,getthethird50%off!Ticketsonsalesoon!Foodanddrinksarenotincludedinticketprice.Early­birdtickets•GeneralPublic:$25•Members:$20Regulartickets•GeneralPublic:$35•Members:$30篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ScienceAfterDark活动。1．WhatisspecialaboutScienceAfterDark?A．Afocusonlightartexhibition.B．Detledstudiesofbiologicalscience.C．Participationinprofessionaldanceroutines.D．Amixofnightlifeandinteractivescienceexhibits.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ExperiencePacSci'sScienceAfterDark...inoneextraordinaryexperience！”可知，夜生活和互动科学展览的结合是ScienceAfterDark活动的特色。故选D。2．WhatcanvisitorsdoatScienceAfterDark?A．Evaluatelightartworks.B．Observeinsectsupclose.C．Buyscience­themedgifts.D．DanceintheSensoryLounge.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据Exhibits部分中的“MagicalButterflies...thesedelicatecreatures.”可知，在ScienceAfterDark活动中，游客可以近距离观察昆虫。故选B。3．Howmuchwillthreememberspayintotalforregulartickets?A．$50. B．$75.C．$87.50. D．$90.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“PacSciisnowofferingbuytwo,getthethird50%off！”以及Regulartickets部分中的“Members:$30”可知，三个成员需要支付30×2＋15＝75美元。故选B。B(2024·四川省雅安市高三“零诊”)ScientistshaveforthefirsttimediscoveredacaveontheMoon.Itcouldbeanidealplaceforhumanstobuildapermanentbase,theysay.Itisjustoneinprobablyhundredsofcaveshiddeninan“underground,undiscoveredworld”，accordingtotheresearchers.CountriesareracingtoestablishapermanenthumanpresenceontheMoon,buttheywillneedtoprotectastronautsfromradiation,extremetemperatures,andspaceweather.Andthenewlydiscoveredcavelookedlikeagoodplaceforabasewhichwillprovideagoodprotectionforastronauts,andhumanscouldpotentiallybelivingtherein20～30years.Thecavehasyettobefullyexplored,buttheresearchershopethatradars,camerasorevenrobotscouldbeusedtomapit.“Wehaveverygoodimagesofthesurface—wecanseetheApollolandingsites—butweknowlittleaboutwhatliesbelowthesurface.Therearehugeopportunitiesfordiscovery.”sdFrancescoSauro,CoordinatoroftheTopicalTeamPlanetaryCavesoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.TheMooncavemightbeusefultohumans,butthescientistsalsostressthatitcouldhelpanswerfundamentalquestionsaboutthehistoryoftheMoon,andevenoursolarsystem.Therocksinsidethecavewillnotbeasdamagedbyspaceweather,sotheycanprovideanextensivegeologicalrecordgoingbackbillionsofyears.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴，或成人类建立永久基地的理想地点，这对未来探索月球乃至太阳系的历史具有重要的意义。4．WhatisthemnsignificanceofthediscoveringtheMooncave?A．Itoffersapotentiallivingplaceforhumans. B．Itprovestheexistenceoflifeonthemoon.C．Itchallengesthestudyofspaceweather. D．Itprovidesanewtouristdestination.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientistshaveforthefirsttime...theysay.”可知，科学家发现月球洞穴的主要意义在于它为人类提供了一个潜在的居住地。故选A。5．WhatmakestheMooncaveapotentialsiteforahumanbase?A．Itstemperature. B．Itslength. C．Itsprotection. D．Itswidth.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andthenewlydiscovered...in20～30years.”可知，月球洞穴之所以成为人类基地的潜在地点，是因为它提供的保护。故选C。6．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheexplorationoftheMooncave?A．Itisaffectedbylackoffunding. B．Itholdsgreatpotentialforscientificdiscovery.C．Ithasbeencompletedusingadvancedtechnology. D．Itisfocusedonfindingevidenceoflifeonthemoon.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thecavehasyetto...fordiscovery.”以及最后一段中的“TheMooncave...oursolarsystem.”可知，月球洞穴还没有被完全探索，因此有着巨大的发现机会，并且它还可以帮助回答有关月球甚至太阳系历史的基本问题。由此可推知，月球洞穴的探索具有很大的科学发现潜力。故选B。7．Whatisthescientists'attitudetowardstheMooncave?A．Carefullyoptimistic. B．Doubtful.C．Absolutelycertn. D．Uninterested.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，科学家们认为这个洞穴可能对于研究月球和太阳系的历史有着重要的作用，但也强调了对月球洞穴的探索需要更多的发现和研究。由此可推知，科学家们对月球洞穴持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2025·湖南省湘东十校高三联考)TheScientificContributionsofMarieCurieMarieCuriewasapioneeringscientistwhoseresearchinthefieldofradioactivity__1__thewayfornumerousscientificadvancements.__2__facingsignificantchallengesasawomaninamale­dominatedfield,CuriebecamethefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizesindifferentscientific__3__—physicsandchemistry.Curie'sinterestinsciencebeganatayoungage,but__4__therestrictionsplacedonwomeninPolandatthetime,shewasunableto__5__highereducationinherhomecountry.Determinedtofollowher__6__，shemovedtoParisin1891tostudyattheprestigious(有声望的)SorbonneUniversity.There,sheearneddegrees__7__physicsandmathematicsandmetherfuturehusbandandresearchpartner,PierreCurie.Together,theCuriesconducted__8__researchonradioactivity,atermthatMarieCurieherself__9__.In1898,theydiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelements,polonium—namedafterMarie'snativePoland—andradium.FollowingPierre'suntimelydeathin1906,Mariecontinuedherresearch,eventually__10__pureradiummetalin1910.Forthisachievement,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1911,makingherthefirstpersontowintwoNobelPrizes.Herdiscoverieshadsignificantpracticalapplications,__11__inthefieldofmedicine.Inadditiontoherscientificcontributions,MarieCuriewasatrlblazer(先驱)forwomeninscience.Atatimewhenwomenwereoften__12__fromacademicandscientificinstitutions,CuriebrokebarriersandbecamethefirstfemaleprofessorattheSorbonne.Herperseverance,__13__，andpassionfordiscoverycontinuetoinspiregenerationsofscientists,especiallywomeninSTEMfields.Despitethepersonal__14__shemade—suchasthehealthproblemsshesufferedbecauseofprolongedexposuretoradiation—MarieCurie'scontributionstoscienceandhumanityremn__15__．篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人对科学的热爱以及贡献。1．A.paved B．builtC．created D．took答案：A解析：pave铺；build建造；create创造；take拿。根据上文“MarieCuriewas...fieldofradioactivity”和常识可知，居里夫人为科学进步铺平了道路。故选A。2．A.Whether B．AlthoughC．When D．Unless答案：B解析：根据下文“facingsignificantchallenges...physicsandchemistry”可知，句子前后两部分为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。3．A.approaches B．methodsC．abilities D．disciplines答案：D解析：approach方式；method方法；ability能力；discipline学科，科目。根据下文“physicsandchemistry”可知，物理和化学是不同的学科领域。故选D。4．A.thanksto B．aboveallC．dueto D．apartfrom答案：C解析：thanksto多亏，由于；aboveall最重要的是；dueto由于；apartfrom除了……之外。根据下文“therestrictionsplacedon...inherhomecountry”可知，居里夫人无法接受高等教育是由于当时波兰对妇女的限制，thanksto侧重于感谢，dueto侧重于一般原因。故选C。5．A.transform B．pursueC．inquire D．quit答案：B解析：transform转换；pursue追求；inq