双语经济学考试试题及答案

双语经济学考试试题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofaperfectlycompetitivemarket?A.FewsellersB.BarrierstoentryC.HomogeneousproductsD.Price-makingpower2.Thelawofdemandstatesthat:A.Asthepriceofagoodincreases,thequantitydemandedincreases.B.Asthepriceofagooddecreases,thequantitydemandedincreases.C.Asincomeincreases,thequantitydemandedofagoodincreases.D.Asincomedecreases,thequantitydemandedofagoodincreases.3.Marginalcostis:A.Thetotalcostofproducingallunitsofoutput.B.Thecostofproducingoneadditionalunitofoutput.C.Theaveragecostperunitofoutput.D.Thefixedcostofproduction.4.Afirminamonopolymarket:A.Isaprice-taker.B.Facesahorizontaldemandcurve.C.Hastheabilitytosetthepriceofitsproduct.D.Producesatthepointwherepriceequalsmarginalcost.5.Whichofthefollowingisafactorofproduction?A.MoneyB.StocksC.LaborD.Bonds6.Thedemandcurveforanormalgoodshiftstotherightwhen:A.Thepriceofthegooddecreases.B.Consumerincomedecreases.C.Thepriceofasubstitutegoodincreases.D.Thepriceofacomplementarygoodincreases.7.Intheshort-run,afirm'sfixedcosts:A.Varywiththelevelofoutput.B.Arezero.C.Donotvarywiththelevelofoutput.D.Arealwaysgreaterthanvariablecosts.8.Theconceptofopportunitycostrefersto:A.Thecostofproducingagoodintermsofthenextbestalternativeforgone.B.Thecostofbuyingagoodinthemarket.C.Thecostofadvertisingagood.D.Thecostofstoringagood.9.Apositiveexternalityoccurswhen:A.Theproductionorconsumptionofagoodimposescostsonthirdparties.B.Theproductionorconsumptionofagoodbenefitsthirdparties.C.Thepriceofagoodistoohigh.D.Thequantityofagoodproducedistoolow.10.Theequilibriumpriceinamarketisdeterminedby:A.Thegovernment.B.Theintersectionofthedemandandsupplycurves.C.Thelargestfirminthemarket.D.Thepreferencesofconsumersonly.Answers:1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.C8.A9.B10.B二、多项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingcancauseashiftinthedemandcurve?A.ChangesinconsumerincomeB.ChangesinthepriceofthegooditselfC.ChangesinconsumertastesandpreferencesD.Changesinthepriceofrelatedgoods2.Inamonopolisticallycompetitivemarket,firms:A.Producedifferentiatedproducts.B.Havesomedegreeofprice-settingpower.C.Faceadownward-slopingdemandcurve.D.Earnzeroeconomicprofitinthelong-run.3.Factorsthatcanaffectthesupplyofagoodinclude:A.Thepriceofinputs.B.Technologicaladvancements.C.Thenumberofproducersinthemarket.D.Expectationsoffutureprices.4.Thecharacteristicsofapublicgoodare:A.ExcludabilityB.Non-excludabilityC.RivalryD.Non-rivalry5.Economicgrowthcanbemeasuredby:A.AnincreaseinrealGDP.B.AnincreaseinnominalGDP.C.AnincreaseinpercapitarealGDP.D.Anincreaseinthepopulation.6.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofmarketfailure?A.MonopolyB.ExternalitiesC.PublicgoodsD.Asymmetricinformation7.Thefunctionsofmoneyinclude:A.MediumofexchangeB.UnitofaccountC.StoreofvalueD.Standardofdeferredpayment8.Inthelong-run,afirminaperfectlycompetitivemarket:A.Producesattheminimumoftheaveragetotalcostcurve.B.Earnszeroeconomicprofit.C.Hasnoincentivetoenterorexitthemarket.D.Cansetthepriceofitsproduct.9.Thedeterminantsofelasticityofdemandinclude:A.AvailabilityofsubstitutesB.ProportionofincomespentonthegoodC.TimehorizonD.Necessityvs.luxuryofthegood10.Fiscalpolicytoolsinclude:A.GovernmentspendingB.TaxationC.InterestrateadjustmentsD.ReserverequirementsAnswers:1.ACD2.ABCD3.ABCD4.BD5.AC6.ABCD7.ABCD8.ABC9.ABCD10.AB三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,firmscanfreelyenterandexitthemarket.()2.Adecreaseinthepriceofagoodwillalwaysleadtoanincreaseintotalrevenue.()3.Monopoliesalwaysproduceatthesociallyoptimallevelofoutput.()4.Thesupplycurveslopesupwardbecauseasthepriceofagoodincreases,producersarewillingtosupplymore.()5.Opportunitycostisalwaysmonetary.()6.Anegativeexternalitycanbecorrectedbyimposingataxontheproducer.()7.Intheshort-run,allcostsarevariablecosts.()8.Thedemandforanecessityisusuallymoreelasticthanthedemandforaluxurygood.()9.Economicprofitisalwaysgreaterthanaccountingprofit.()10.Theequilibriuminamarketisalwaysstable.()Answers:1.T2.F3.F4.T5.F6.T7.F8.F9.F10.T四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.Brieflyexplainthedifferencebetweenachangeinquantitydemandedandachangeindemand.Achangeinquantitydemandediscausedbyachangeinthepriceofthegooditself,resultinginamovementalongthedemandcurve.Achangeindemandisduetofactorslikeincome,tastes,orpricesofrelatedgoods,causingtheentiredemandcurvetoshift.2.Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofamonopoly?Amonopolyhasasingleseller,highbarrierstoentrypreventingnewfirmsfromentering,andtheabilitytosetthepriceofitsproductasitfacesthemarketdemandcurve.3.Howdoesafirmdeterminetheoptimallevelofoutputintheshort-run?Intheshort-run,afirmmaximizesprofitbyproducingwheremarginalrevenue(MR)equalsmarginalcost(MC).IfMR>MC,itcanincreaseprofitbyproducingmore;ifMR<MC,itshouldreduceoutput.4.Explaintheconceptofelasticityofsupply.Elasticityofsupplymeasurestheresponsivenessofthequantitysuppliedofagoodtoachangeinitsprice.Ifsupplyiselastic,asmallpricechangeleadstoalargechangeinquantitysupplied;ifinelastic,quantitysuppliedchangeslittlewithprice.五、讨论题（每题5分，共20分）1.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofamonopoly.Advantages:Monopoliescanachieveeconomiesofscale,investinR&Dduetolargeprofits,andprovidestablesupply.Disadvantages:Theyoftenchargehighprices,producelessoutputthansociallyoptimal,andmayhavelowerefficiencyduetolackofcompetition.2.Analyzetheimpactofanincreaseingovernmentspendingontheeconomy.Anincreaseingovernmentspendingcanboostaggregatedemand,leadingtohigheroutputandemploymentintheshort-run.Itcanalsostimulate