高三英语二轮复习突破：词义猜测题

第二讲词义猜测题

题型1猜测单词类

［示例］(2016•全国卷II>B)OnccIhadahoywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhis

freetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomat

home.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemind

atwork.Hispresencemeant(hatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativity

wouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.

Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswho

hadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare»”ButTmjustnotcreative."

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Mistake.B.Drawback.

C.Difficulty.D.Burden.

［解题思路］

第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词

①Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.

②

Iran【heriskoflosingihosestudentswhohadadifferenlstyleof化inki

咀

第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项

尝试解答B

［答题技巧I

1.识别题干关键

bablyedbablymeans.

word...?ofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword...?

2.“文中信息”巧利用

⑴同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，thatis(tosay),inother

words,namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。

(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。

⑶前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式

出现，以此可推测生词意思。

(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分

析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。

(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。

题型2猜测短语类

［示例］(2017•全国港I,D)Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigahole

fourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincrease

thewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythe

tubeinplacesothatoneendrestsal)thewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup一and

out一(hesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtand

weightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with

45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomore

thanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher"inparagraph2referto?

A.Thetube.B.Thestill.

C.Thehole.D.Thecup.

［解题思路1

第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。

Toconslruclaworkingstilluseasharpstickorrocklodigaholefou

rfeetacrossand.threefcc［deep.

第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项

尝试解答B

［答题技巧］

1.识别题干关键

(I)Theunderlinedphrase...couldbereplacedby.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase...referto?

2.“语境分析”猜短语

短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理

判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。

3.明晰干扰选项特征

短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：

⑴短语的字面意思；

(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容：

(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。

题型3猜测指代类

［示例］(2017•全国卷［，C)

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,

andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter*sartisticadviserforjazz,

Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveits

historyandculture.

29.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbeingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebeinglarger.

［解题思路］

第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangcthat.

第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语

此处changethat可知that代指上文themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerationso

尝试解答C

［答题技巧1

1.识别题干关键

(I)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreferto?

(2)Theunderlinedpart"it/that/they…”(inPara...)refersto.

2.“就近原则”判指代

此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,them,one,which等)或代动词(d。,

does,did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：

(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it,they,them,this...)。

(2)向上(有时向卜)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。

⑶将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确

定最佳答案。

题型4猜测句意类

［示例］(2017•浙江卷，A)Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Before

long,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwas

forcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.

Thecal'sloswasaboutloimprove.Thalyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,

Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,

hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.

ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.He

wasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgilt.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemight

taketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?

A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.

B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.

C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.

［解题思路］

第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子

①Beforelone,【heca〔beeaniolookragged(蓬生L).

②

Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.

第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案

rh上•段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画

笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。

尝试解答D

［答题技巧］

1.识别题干关键

(i)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains(heunderlinedpart...?

(2)Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceabove?

(3)WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinPara...?

**************

2.“意义吻合”定句意

句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。

⑴返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理

解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次而此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳

总结。

(2尸•般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。

［状元技法］

顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目

1.做此类题FI,要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻错、经验、常

识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自

己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。

2.重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：

but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/by

contrast/paredto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/either...or...

3.重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：

tobedefinedas/tobecalled/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely

A

（2017•云南扃三检测一）Mydoorbellringsat11a.m.Onthestep,IfindanelderlyChinese

lady.SheissmallandslightSheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.

Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenext

doorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurrentlyinShanghai,hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIam

havingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesupplied

withmeals.

Iknowwlialisinsidethepapercanicrbag-astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,

vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbeeanalmost-dailyoccurrence.

inunicationbetweenmybenefiiclor（恩人）andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthat

shedoesn'tspeakEnglishandallicansayinMandarinis“hello''.Once,shebroughtaniPadand

pointedtothescreen,whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwanted

toknowifthefoodwasallright.

“Yourmotherjustcan'tbebringingmemealslikethisall（helime,“Iprotested."Ican

hardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland,likeroastbeeforYorkshire

puddingforher,“Isaid.

“Oh,no,“Nicolesaid."Don'tworryaboutthat.Shehastocookforthefamilyanyway,

andshewantstodoitforyou.YoucancallherWing,whichishersurname.”

ThetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudentwhospeaksMandarinquitewell,so

withherhelp,IhavefoundoutthatWingis68-13yearsyoungerthanIam.Formypart.Iwas

raisedinwartimeBritain.

Sohereweare.twograndmothersaworldawayfroirwherewewereraised,neitherofus

abletospeak（heother*slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpaper

earnerbag,handedsmilinglytomebyWing.

RightnowIamworkingonsomemoreMandarinwords—it'stheleastIcandoaftersucha

displayofkindness.

“Thankyou"is,ofcourse,thefirstone,whichsomehowseemsinadequate.

［解题导语］本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自

中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。

1.TheauthorandWinggottoknoweachother.

A.asnextdoorneighbors

B.whenexchangingmeals

C.bysharingsimilarexperiences

D.afterusinganiPadtomunicatc

A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句uIknowthislady...Herdaughter,Nicole,bought

thehousenextdoorlastOclober.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。

2.Theunderlinedword“reciprocate“inParagraph5probablymeans"

A.doaswellB.offergenerously

C.giveinreturnD.acceptwithpleasure

C解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmolherjusican'lbebringingmemeals

likethisallthetime"可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食

物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。

3.Theauthor,sefforttolearnMandarinshowsher.

A.greatsatisfactionB.realkindness

C.heartfeltthanksD.sincerefriendship

C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it'stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayof

kindness"可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”：

B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。

B

（2017•云南百三检测二）HalfofprimaryschoolswilladoptthetraditionalChinesemetliodof

mathsteachinginaGovernmentdrivetostopBritishyoungstersfromfallingbehind

theirAsiancounlen?arts.

YoungstersintheU.K.lagwaybehindthoseinChina,SingaporeandJapaninnumeracy（计

算能力）.InthelatestPISA（ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment）testsfor15—year

—olds,ShanghaicametopinmathswhiletheU.K.came26th.

Theschoolwillgiveup“child-centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand

“chalkandtalk”whole—classlearning.Primaryschoolchildrenwillbetaught“Shanghaimaths”

asBritishschoolscopyChineseteachingmethodstoimprovestandards.Sofar140teachershave

beentrainedintheapproach.

Currently,classesareoftendividedintogroupsbaseconability.CriticsblametheBritish

teachingstylesthatfocusedonapplyingmathstoreal—lifesituationsinanefforttomakethe

subjectmoreinteresting.Theysaythishasledtoconfusionandstoppedchildrenlearningthe

basics.UndertheGovernment'snewplans,childrenasyoungasfivewillhavedrillstopractise

sumsandexercises,andmustmastereachconceptbeforemovingtothenext.

NickGibb,theschoolsminister,saidthattrainingv/illbeprovidedfor8,000primary

schools-halfthecountry'stotal—toswitchtotheShanghai“maslery“approach.

“Weareseeingarenaissance（复兴）inmathsteachinginthiscountiywithgoodideasfrom

aroundtheworldhelpingtochccrupourclassrooms,Mhesaid.

［解题导语］本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式

来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。

4.TheunderlinedwordsutheirAsiancounterpartsninParagraph1referto.

A.theweakpupilsinAsia

B.theyoungstudentsinAsia

C.theprimaryschoolsinAsia

D.themaths（eachersinAsia

B解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Britishyoungsters''可知，此处指英国政府将在半数

英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断

出，画线部分指的是Asianyoungslers,即亚洲的少年们。故选B。

5.Whichofthefollowingisanapproachof“Shanghaimaths”？

A.Childrencanchoosetolearnwhatintereststhem.

B.Childrenaregivendifferentworkbasedontheirability.

C.Childrenaretaughtingroupsratherthanasanentireclass.

D.Childrenarerequiredtomasteraconceptbeforetheyprogress.

D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的...andmustmastereachconceptbefore

movingtolhcnext.可知，"上海数学"更求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握军

一个概念。故选D。

6.Recently,someBritishmathsteachershavebeentrainedto.

A.increasethedifficultylevel

B.conduct“child-centred”classes

C.guidestudentstorepeatanddrill

D.meettheneedsofsmartstudents

C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的Theschoolwillgiveup"child—centred”

stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole—classlearning.并名言合

第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。

7.WhatisNickGibb,sattitudetowardthenewteachingstyle?

A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.

C.Cautious.D.Negative.

A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，NickGibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故

选A。

专题强化训练11词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类〔学生用书P97（单独成册）］

A

（2017•河北石家庄庙三•质桧）RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupof

victimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewere（here,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer

*4psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswe

walkedinthegatetotheshelter,wcweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude（感激）fromthefirst

personwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn'Ireallydoneanythingyet.

Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend'smotherpassedaway

unexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthere

immediately,butdidn'twanttointrude（打扰）onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastorn

aboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Juslgo.Justbethere.MIdid,andIwill

neverregretit.

Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofa

youngmansufferingfrom:hepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviously

unawareofothers,presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,

playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwi:hthemas（houghhewerestillfully

alive.

Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretruly

alone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.

［解题导语］本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。

1.Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?

A.Hebuiltsheltersforthem.

B.Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.

C.Hecametostaywiththem.

D.Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.

C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,to

offer'psychologicalfirstaid'andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可知，

因为“我''在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。

2.Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend'smotherpassedaway?

A.Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.

B.Hewenttohisfriend'satonce.

C.Heknewwhattodoinstantly.

D.Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.

A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn'

twanttointrude（41才尤）onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.“可

知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，

“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。

3.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“solemn"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Heavybutwarm.

B.Alittlesadbutcosy.

C.Relaxinganddelightful.

D.Veryseriousandunhappy.

D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三•段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsingingn

可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三

段第二句中的"ayoungmansufferingfromihepainofhisAIDS-relateddying"可以判断，在

家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正

确。

4.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?

A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

B.Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.

C.Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.

D.Beingavolunteercanmakeone'slifemoresignificant.

B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句"Inmylife.Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealing

powerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.M并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经

历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重受意义，故B项正确。

B

（2017•黄庆调研推测二）As（heworldbeesmoreconnected,thenumberofpeopleliving

outsidetheirhomecountryisontherise.Tofindoutwhalmakesexpals（移民）happyintheirnew

hometown,theglobalmunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsider

survey.

InMalta,warmweatherandnearnesstoEuropearcthebigdrawsforthisMediterranean

nation.Theclimateleadstoaslowerpaceoflife.

“Someshopshavea"siesta,earlyintheafternoon,andmanypeoplenoticeslowservice

attherestaurants»MsaidanInterNationsConsulfromRome."Iremembersittingatatable

around8p.m.onceandleavinga（midnight!Weonlyhadastarterandonemain.v

InEcuador,friendlypeople,affordablehealthcareandtasty,cheapfoodarejustafewreasons

astowhyexpatslovelivinginEcuador.Plus,thecountrysdiversecitiesgiveexpatsa：otof

choices.

“ThebeautyofEcuadoristhevariety,saidanInterNationsambassador."Thepeople

whoetoretireinEcuadoroftenlookforalowercostofliving,sothecoastline,thesouthernpail

ofEcuadorandAmbatowillfitthistypeofexpat.Inthecaseofbusiness-mindedoroutgoing

expats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein."Thebiggercitiesdoeatacost,he

warned,withhigherpricesforrentandeatingout.

InNewZealand,thecountry'snaturalbeautydrawspeoplefromacrosstheworld,andwith

easyaccesstobothcitiesandbeaches,expatsusuallyadoptthelocalrelaxedlifestyle.

AnInterNationsAmbassadorfromHongKongnotesthatatypicalKiwiworks8：30a.m.to

5p.m.,neverovertime,andenjoysmealsandweekendactivities,likehouseparties,roadtripsor

hiking,withtheirfamily.

［解题导语1本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士

在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。

5.WhatisInterNations,surveyfor?

A.Tostudywhythenumberofexpatsisontherise.

B.Tomakeclearwhattheexactnumberofexpatsis.

C.Tolookintohowexpatsadoptedtheirnewhometown.

D.Todiscoverwhatpleasesexpatsintheiradoptedcountries.

D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats（移民）hiippyintheirnew

hometown,theglobalmunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsider

survey.可知，InierNaiions的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满

意。故选D。

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“siesta“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sale.B.Break.

C.Promotion.D.Exhibition.

B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slowerpaceoflife”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭

店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打炸了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B

项意思最为接近。故选

7.WhatdoweknowabouttheexpatstoEcuador?

A.RichexpatswouldliketoliveinAmbato.

B.All（heexpatslovethelowercostofliving.

C.OutgoingexpatsarelikelytochooseCuenca.

D.Thebiggercitiesarethebestchoicesforpoorexpats.

C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句Inthecaseofbusiness—mindedoroutgoingexpats,

Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作

为定居的城市。故选C。

8.ExpatschooseNewZealandbecauseofits.

A.specialclimateB.typicalanimals

C.naturalbeautyD.fastpaceoflife

C解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。

（2017-1RJH4月检三则）Crossingyourlegsisanextremelymonhabit;mostpeopledon'teven

noticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditfbrtabletositwithoneknee

crossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.

AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcan

increaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonfbrthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainst

gravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreases

resistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyour

bloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,but

repeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planning

tositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.

uCrossingyourlugsalihukneecanalsocausepressuiconthemajornerveinyourlegthat

passesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg,”explainsRichardGraves,a

medicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthe

musclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknow

as(ha("pinsandneedles“sensation.While(hefeelingofdisfortmayonlylastaminuteor

two,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.

Sonexttimeyousitdown,try(ogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeeton

thefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthe

longrun.

［解题导语］本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该

习惯会引起1能压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确

的坐姿。

9.Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?

A.Itisaverybadsocialhabit.

B.Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.

C.Ilcandoharmtopeople'shealth.

D.Itcanmakeothersfeelunfortable.

C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句"Whileyoumayfinditfortabletositwithoneknee

crossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.“可知，跷二

郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。

10.Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan.

A.affectyourbloodpressure

B.resistgravityeffectively

C.leadtoheartattackseasily

D.improvethefunctionoflegs

A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句"AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoring

statedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.n可次口，石开究表明，跷

二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。

11.Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedlesMprobablymeans"

A.slightlysharppains

B.beingalittletired

C.seriousmuscleinjuries

D.beinghighlyflexible

A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporary

paralysis（麻痹）ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingableto

raiseyourankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有

一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。

12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.Toparemonhabits.

B.Togivereaderssomeadvice.

C.Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.

D.Tointroduceresearchmethods.

B解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习

惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。

专题强化训练12词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类［学生用书P99（单独成册）］

A

（2017•广外I检沟J）Weallknowthefeeling:lookingattheputerscreen,pretendinglobe

interestedinourhomework,eventhoughwereallyfeelbored.Butsuchfeelingsmaysoonbeat

anend,saysDr.HarryWitchel,headoftheEssexMedicalSchool.Hebelievesthatputersof（he

futurewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit.

Beforeyougetconcerned,themachinewon'tbereadingyourmind.Itwillbeobservingthe

manymovementsyoumakewhileusingaputer.It'snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededto

usethemachine一likemovingamouseortouchingascreen-butsmall,barelynoticeable

movementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.Witchelcallsthese

“boredommovementsvandsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereading

orwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement!

Totesthistheory,Witchelinvited27peopletoperformvariousputer-basedtasks.The

activitiesrangedfromplayingonlinegames（aninterestingtask）toreadingdocumentslike

governmentlawsthatmostpeoplewouldfindboring.

Aspecialvideocamerafollowedtheparticipants,mevementsastheyplctcdeachtask.Just

astheresearcherexpected,（he“boredommovements"greatlydecreased,byasmuchas42%,

whenthesubjectswereveryinterestedinwhattheywerereadingorseeing.

Fortunately,Dr.Witchelisn'tplanningtousehisresultstocreatemachinesthatreport

studentswhoarenotpayingattentionatschool.Instead,hewants“movementsensing''technology

tobebuiltintofiiturcputersinordertoimprovestudents,putcr—basedlearningexperience.

Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents,inierestlevelastheywork,educatorswill

beabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal-timetokeepstudentsfocused.Witchelalsobelievesthat

(hetechnologycanprovidefilmmakerswithhonestaudienceopinionsandinthefuture,helpto

developmoreintelligentrobots.

［解题导语］本文是一篇说明文。Witchci博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读

或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学

习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referto?

A.Homework.B.Aputer.

C.Boredom.D.Thefuture.

C解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句Hebelievesthatputersofthefuturewillnoticewhen

peoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit.及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。

2.WhydidDr.Witchelcarryouthisresearch?

A.Todiscoverhowboredpeoplemove.

B.Tofindoutwhatmakespeoplebored.

C.Toseeifinterestedpeoplearemoreactive.

D.Totestthelinkbetweenboredomandmovement.

D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements"andsays

theyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyareread