高二上学期英语期末语法复习课件

高二上学期期末语法复习句子类型简单句并列句复合句主句定语从句状语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句从句从句板块Part1：定语从句复习Anearthquake,whichcausedgreatdamage,brokeoutinTangshan.句子：主句+从句先行词(被修饰的名词)连接词连接主从句代替先行词充当从句成分attributiveclause

(定语从句)关系词的三个作用定语从句关系词原则：当定语从句缺成分（不是状语），用关系代词当定语从句缺成分（状语），用关系副词做法：先行词放入从句中，缺什么补什么关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why如何选择准确的关系代词Step1Step3Step21.找准___________2.判断先行词是指人还是指物3.

把先行词带进从句中，判断

从句缺什么成分先行词如何选择准确的关系代词Thereweresomesmellygas___________cameoutofthewells.somesmellygascameoutofthewells.关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whosewhich/that先行词指物缺主语关系代词先行词（人/物）从句中充当什么成分？whowhichthatwhosewhom人主语/宾语物主语/宾语物/人主语或宾语物/人定语人宾语做宾语可省略Task1：探究who/which/that/whose/whom的用法1.当先行词为all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词，或被不定代词修饰时。

Haveyoutakendowneverything

thatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。关系词只能用that而不用which的情况3.

先行词被all，every，theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.

我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.

我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4.

当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。关系词只能用that而不用which的情况5.

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。

Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatisusedtobe.我们的学校已经不再是从前的样子了。6.

句中其他位置已经出现Which，为避免重复不用which，而用that。Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus？超过我们的是哪辆车？关系词只能用that而不用which的情况关系副词指代充当成分Task2：探究when/where/why的用法whenwhywherereasonplacetime时间状语原因状语地点状语1.关系副词--When

引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)

Ijoinedtheteam.

when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion时刻，age年代，period阶段,interval间隙等词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词(in/on/during)+which2.关系副词--Where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。Theschoolwhere(inwhich)mysonstudiesisnearapark.

where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”3.关系副词--Why引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+which”来替换。Doyouknowthereason

why

(forwhich)heissoupset?Doyouknowthereason.Heissoupset.

分解why作原因状语关系副词：where=in/at+whichwhen=in/at/on/during+whichwhy=for+whichSummary限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上与主句之间______逗号隔开与主句之间______逗号隔开功能上对先行词修饰、限制对先行词补充说明意义上去掉后主句句意_______去掉后主句句意_______翻译上先行词关系词不完整不用用完整翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前按句子顺序,翻译成两个简单句名词或代词既可为名词或代词,也可是整个主句that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why不能用that/why(forwhich),which可以指代一整件事关系代词作宾语可省略所有关系词都不可省略限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别难点补充：as引导的非限制性定从1.asisknowntoall=asweallknow

众所周知2.asissaid

正如所说的3.asyoucansee=ascanbeseen

正如你所看见的4.asisreported

正如报道的5.asisexpected

正如预料的6.asispointedout

正如指出的7.asafamoussayinggoes

正如一句谚语所说/俗话说8.asismentionedabove

正如以上提到的eg:Asisknowntousall,ZhongNanshanisoneofthegreatestphysiciansinChina.Part2：主语从句复习1.Heconsideredhimselfafarmer.2.Yuan'sinnovationhashelpedtofeedmorepeople.3.UsingsaltylandinChinaforriceproductionwashislatestvision.4.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.结论：（1）主语是句子说明的人或事物，一般放在_____。（2）在句子中充当______的从句就是主语从句，通常放在主句的_________________之前，有时也由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。句首主语Underlinethesubjectineachsentence代词名词动名词从句谓语动词或系动词1.Thathewillpasstheexamiscertain.2.Whetherhewillpasstheexamisuncertain.that_______成分，____意义，______省略。whether_____成分，____意义，

译为_____，______省略。不做是否无不能不做有从属连词：thatwhetherif注意：只用whether不用if:句首/+ornot/后连todo不能1._________shelefthimmadehimheart-broken.2._________heisstillaliveisapieceofgoodnewstous.3._________hewillcomeornotisnotknownyet.ThatThatWhether1.Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.2.Whomtheywillchooseisasecret.3.Whosescoresarehigherwillcomeoutsoon.4.WhichbookIshallchoosehasn’tbeendecided.who在主语从句中充当______________,

译为______。whom在主语从句中充当______

译为______。whose在主语从句中充当______,

译为______。which在主语从句中充当____________,

译为__________。注：均不能省略主,宾,表语谁宾语谁的定,主,宾语哪一个谁定语连接代词：whowhomwhosewhich1.______diditisunknown.2.________

clubhewillchooseisunknown.WhichWho1.Whatsurprisedmeisthegiftfrommysister.2.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothers.3.Whatyoulooklikemakesnodifference.3.Whathisphonenumberisisstillunknowntome.4.Whatdayitistodayisnotimportant.what在主语从句中可充当______,_____,_____,译为______________________;也可放在名词前充当_____，不能省略。主语宾语表语什么(的),...的东西/事/样子定语连接代词：what（高频考点）1.Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.2.Whateverhedidwasright.3.Whicheverofyouwinswillreceiveaprize.whoever在主语从句中充当__________,译为______。whatever在主语从句中充当_____________,译为________。whichever在主语从句中充当_________,译为________。注：均不能省略主,宾,表语无论谁主,宾,表,定语无论什么无论哪个连接代词：whoeverwhomeverwhateverwhichever主,宾,定语1.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.2.Whereshelivesisunknown.3.Whyhewaslateisnotimportantnow.4.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.when在主语从句中充当_______,

译为______。where在主语从句中充当_______,译为______。why在主语从句中充当_________,

译为_______。how在主语从句中充当_________,

译为________;有时也可以表程度，译为“多么”。注：均不能省略时间状语何时地点状语何地原因状语为什么方式状语如何/怎样连接副词：whenwherewhyhowItissurprisinghowlittleweknow.1.(2015北京)______weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.2._______sheisfromisunknown.HowWhere如何确定主语从句连接词一找从句谓语动词，看从句是否缺成分二看含义缺成分主、宾、表、定状语who，whom，what，which，whose，wh-everwhen,where,why,how不缺成分学以致用1._________canjoininthesportmeetingwillbedecidedbytheteacher.2.__________comestotheactivitywillreceiveapresent.3.__________hewilljoinusornotmakesnodifference.that;whether,ifWhoWhetherWhoeverIt的用法：（形式主语）It’spossible/important/necessary/clearthat……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reportedthat..据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)that....Part3：表语从句复习在复合句中，位于_________之后，充当________的名词性从句称作表语从句。表语系动词可以接表语从句的系动词有:be动词:amisare;感官动词：look，feel,sound,taste,smell;表象系动词：seem（仿佛）,appear（似乎）持续性动词：remain,keep,stay;变化系动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall;终止系动词：prove（证明是）,turnout（结果是）表语从句的概念表语从句的语序Thequestionishow(canI/I

can)makeyouunderstandtheknowledge.表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语+谓语。√Thefactisthathewaslying.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.

一、that

引导的表语从句that

____意义，在表语从句中______成分,起______作用，________省略。无不充当连接不能Thefactisthathewaslying.Thereasonisthattheynevergiveup.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.

Oneideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.Thequestionis_________

wecanrelyonhim.Heoftentellslies.Thequestionis_________

wecanfinishthetaskontime,forwehaveonlythreedaysleft.二、whether引导的表语从句whetherwhether思考：可以用“if”来引导吗？连接词whether起_____作用，意为“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if

______引导表语从句)。连接是否、究竟、到底不能三、what,which,who,whom,whose等引导的表语从句Tomisnolonger_______heusedtobe.Thequestionis_______ofusshouldcomefirst.(我们两个中的哪一个)Theproblemis______

isreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingis_______nameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.whatwhichwhowhose连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose

除在句子中起______作用外，还可在从句中作_____、_____或______，且各有词义。连接主语表语定语四、where,when,why,how引导的表语从句That’s

_______

Ican’tagreewithyou.Thisis

______

Sarawaslateforthemeeting.(Shemissedtheearlybus.)Thisis

_____

theyovercomethedifficulties.Mystrongestmemoryis

______

IattendedanAmericanweddingasachild.wherewhyhowwhen连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起______作用外，在从句中还充当_______、______、______或______状语，本身具有词义。连接时间地点方式原因Itseems__________________hedoesn’tknowtheanswer.Itlooks__________________itisgoingtorain.五、asif/asthough引导的表语从句asif/asthoughasif/asthoughasif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于look,seem,sound,be,become等__________________,意思为_________.系动词后面似乎六、because引导的表语从句That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.Shehasn’tcome.Thisisbecausesheisill.Because引导的表语从句，在从句中______成分，意为______.常用于句型：

This/That/Itis/wasbecause+原因：

那是因为…不充当因为Ithinkthat’s

_____

hewassoangry.whyTherainistooheavy.Thatis_________Igotwet.why区分句型：This/That/Itis/waswhy+结果：

那就是为什么…引导词用法连词that在从句中不充当成分，无意义whether在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语连接副词how,when,where,why在从句中充当状语其它连词because,asif,asthough在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”表语从句的引导词只能用whether不能用if的情况1.whetherornot2.whethertodo3.discuss和介词后的宾语从句

eg:Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.4.引导主语从句置于句首时eg:Whetherhewilljoinusisstillunkonwn.5.引导表语从句和同位语从句eg:ThequestionwaswhetherTomhasgonetoShanghai.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendiscussed.过去完成时（ThePastPerfectTense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件PastFuturehaddonePresent“过去的过去”ThePastPerfectTense谓语板块过去完成时的基本结构和语态

主动语态被动语态肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑问句had＋主语＋donehad＋主语＋beendone特殊疑问句疑问词＋had＋主语＋done疑问词＋had＋主语＋beendone(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。before(连词/介词)+

过去的时间点“在...之前”TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树。by+过去的时间点“到...为止”Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。bytheendof+过去的时间点“到...为止”WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。bythetime+(一般过去时)“到...为止”(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。（3）动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.我们本希望你来，但你没有来。Ihadthoughtthatyouwouldbecomeadoctor.我本以为你会成为医生。hardly(scarcely/barely)..(haddone)..when..(从句用did)nosooner..(haddone)..than...(从句用did)注：主句用”haddone”,从句用“did”主句翻译为“一...”,从句翻译为“就...”若hardly/scarcely/barely/nosooner(否定词)位于句首，则主句部分,用部分倒装，即:had+主语+done…(1)一...就二.特殊句型与标志词1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This_____(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious

(狂怒的).4.Itistimeforus________(pack)upandleave.hadlefthavespokenwas

（2）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...time(+that)…

这是/那是某人第一/第二次/第……次做……此句型中，若主语中的b