2026年九年级中考英语二轮复习专题十二 时态和语态课件

时态和语态专题十二目录专题要点明晰考点分类讲练专题语篇精练英语中不同时间发生的动作或所处的状态要用动词的不同形式即不同的时态来表达。英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。类别意义例词举例一般现在时①经常或习惯性的动作或状态②客观事实或普遍真理work/worksIoftenruninthemorning.Thesunrisesintheeast.一般过去时过去某个时间或者某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用workedHegotupat6:30yesterday.类别意义例词举例一般将来时将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用will/shallworkWewillcometoseeyounextweek.现在进行时现在正在进行或发生的动作am/is/are+workingHeiswatchingTVnow.类别意义例词举例过去进行时在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示之外,一般用时间状语来表示was/were+working—Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?—Iwastakingashower.现在完成时①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态,和表示延续的时间状语连用have/has+worked—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?—Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.(我现在不饿了)I’vebeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.类别意义例词举例被动语态主语为动作的承受者,谓语的形式为被动语态bedoneThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.课标要求掌握:6个常见时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)和被动语态。中考高频考点:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时和情态动词的被动语态等。考点1

一般现在时谓语形式①be(am/is/are)②do(动词原形)③does(动词第三人称单数形式)常连用的时间状语always,usually,often,never等频度副词,onSunday,onweekends,inthemorning,everyday/week/month/year,onceaweek,twiceamonth等主要用法①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态Heusuallygetsupatsixinthemorning.他通常早上6点起床。IamfromBeijing.我来自北京。主要用法②表示客观事实或普遍真理Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。③主将从现:若一个复合句含有由when,after,before,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句或由if,unless,aslongas,once等引导的条件状语从句,主句若用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来Iwilltellherthegoodnewswhenshecomesback.她回来的时候我会告诉她这个好消息。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。④表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表示将来,但仅限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等Thetrainleavesat5:00tomorrowmorning.火车明早5点离开。当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词有下列几种变化形式:变化规则例词一般情况直接加-srun→runslike→likeswork→works以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词加-esgo→goespass→passeswash→washesfix→fixeswatch→watches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-esstudy→studiescarry→carries不规则变化have→has▶

考点专练1.(2024宿迁改编)Tomakeourhometownmorebeautiful,we

(plant)manytreesandflowerseveryyear.2.(2024北京改编)AlotofpeopleinChina

(travel)byhigh-speedtraineveryyear.3.(2024扬州改编)Asweallknow,theYangtzeRiver

(know)asthe“motherriver”oftheChinesenation.planttravelisknown4.(2024白银、平凉、武威改编)Lindaprefersmusicianswho

(play)differentkindsofmusic.5.(2024河北改编)Jennyisanearlybird.She

(get)upat6:00inthemorning.6.(2024兰州)Idon’thaveavolleyball,butmybrotherJim

(do).7.(2024德阳改编)LinTao

(brush)histeethandthenhasbreakfastbeforegoingtoschool.8.(2024包头)—WhattimedoesJohnusuallyhavebreakfastonschooldays?—Heusually

(have)breakfastat7o’clock.playgetsdoesbrusheshas考点2

一般过去时谓语形式①be(was/were)②did(动词过去式)常连用的时间状语yesterday,ago,lastnight/week/month,justnow,inthepast,in+过去的年份,longlongago,onceuponatime等主要用法①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态Iboughtanewbike.我买了一辆新自行车。②表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作,常与always,often等频度副词连用Healwayswenttoschoolbybikelastyear.去年他总是骑自行车去上学。③在since引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时Shehaslivedheresinceshewasborn.自从出生她就生活在这里。

英语中动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。动词过去式的构成如下:变化规则例词一般情况直接加-edwork→workedwatch→watched以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加-edlive→livedlove→loved以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-edstudy→studiedhurry→hurried变化规则例词以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加-edstop→stoppedplan→planned不规则变化go→wentbuy→bought▶

考点专练1.(2024北京改编)—WhatdidyoudolastSaturday,Tina?—I

(go)tothenursinghomeandworkedasavolunteerthere.went2.(2024西藏改编)He

(nothave)breakfastbecausehewokeuplatethismorning.3.(2024包头)—Howwasyourinterviewgoing?—Great.Iwasquitenervousatthebeginning,butI

(keep)mycoolandcompletedtheinterviewsmoothly.4.(2024扬州)Elena

(drop)thenovelshewasreadingonthedeskandlookedoutthewindow.5.(2024日照改编)Tina

(catch)thelastbusandgothomesafeandsound.didn’thavekeptdroppedcaught6.(2024乐山改编)Alex

(win)thefirstprizeinthecity’sinventioncompetitionformiddleschoolstudentslastmonth.won考点3

一般将来时谓语形式①be(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形②will/shall+动词原形常连用的时间状语tonight,tomorrow,soon,nextweek/month,inthefuture,inaweek,in+将来的年份,in+一段时间等主要用法①begoingto+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,指已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事I’mgoingtoseethePekingoperathisevening.今晚我要去看京剧。②表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态We’llcometoseeyounextweek.我们下星期来看你。主要用法③“beaboutto+动词原形”和“beto+动词原形”结构,表示即将发生的动作,一般不能与具体的时间状语连用Bequiet!Themovieisabouttostart.安静!电影马上开始。④表示某种必然的趋势Fishwillnotlivewithoutwater.没有水,鱼就无法生存。▶

考点专练1.(2024天津改编)—JaneandI

(have)apicnicthisSunday.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?—Sure.Seeyouthen.aregoingtohave2.(2024河北改编)I’mexpectingafriend.I’mafraidI

(order)later.3.(2024白银、平凉、武威改编)—Oh,no!Yourbrotherlefthisumbrellaathome.There

(be)heavyrainthisafternoon.—Don’tworry,Mom.I’llbringittohim.4.(2024济宁改编)I’mgoingto

(cook)amealforDadonFather’sDay.5.(2024兰州)Iwonderifthey’ll

(have)theracesagainnextyear.6.(2024无锡)Somepeoplebelieverobots

(take)mostjobsawayfromhumansinthefuture.willorderwillbecookhavewilltake考点4

现在进行时谓语形式am/is/are+doing常连用的时间状语now,atthemoment,thesedays,rightnow等主要用法①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作HeiswatchingTVnow.他现在正在看电视。②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作,常用的时间状语有“this/these+表示一段时间的名词”Weareworkingonafarmthesedays.这些天我们在农场工作。动词-ing形式的构成:变化规则例词一般情况直接加-inggo→goingask→asking以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加-ingwrite→writingmake→making以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加-ingget→gettingrun→runningbegin→beginning▶

考点专练1.(2024乐山改编)—Hello,mayIspeaktoJenny,please?—Waitaminute,please.She

(cook)inthekitchennow.2.(2024广西改编)Listen!Thebirds

(sing)inthetreenow.3.(2024白银、平凉、武威改编)Tom

(walk)thedogatthemoment.4.(2024江西改编)—WhereisHelen?—I’mnotsure.Maybeshe

(have)herbaseballlesson.iscookingaresingingiswalkingishaving5.(2024长春改编)Look!Thestudents

(have)anartclassinthepark.6.(2024贵州)越来越多的人正在使用AI来帮助他们工作。Moreandmorepeople

AItohelpthemwiththeirwork.arehavingareusing考点5

过去进行时谓语形式was/were+doing常连用的时间状语atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at1:00lastnight,atthatmoment,then等主要用法①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作Iwastakingashowerateightlastnight.昨天晚上八点我在洗澡。②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作WewerewatchingTVfromseventoeightlastnight.昨天晚上七点到八点我们在看电视。③常和always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩主要用法Hewasalwayscomplainingabouteverything.他总是抱怨一切。④过去进行时在when或while引导的时间状语从句中的运用:a.在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行Hewassleepingwhentherainstormcame.暴风雨来临时他正在睡觉。b.在while引导的时间状语从句中,主句与从句均用过去进行时,表示两个动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while意为“当……的时候;同时”LindawasreadingwhilehermotherwaswatchingTV.琳达正在阅读,而她的妈妈正在看电视。▶

考点专练1.(2024福建改编)WhenIsawXiaoWangyesterday,he

(help)anoldmancrosstheroad.2.(2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)Whilewe

(sing)anEnglishsong,somevisitorscameintoourclassroom.3.(2024无锡改编)Hey,John!What’sup?I

(take)ashowerwhenyoucalled.washelpingweresingingwastaking4.(2024云南改编)—Helen,Ididn’tseeyouintheclassroomatfiveyesterdayafternoon.—Oh,I

(practice)singingforthegraduationceremonyatthattime.5.(2024遂宁改编)—Tim,whatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyou?—I

(fix)upthebicyclewithmysister.6.(2024通辽)他问我,当他进来时我是否正在读小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》。HeaskedmeifI

thenovelThe

Adventures

of

Tom

Sawyerwhenhecamein.waspracticingwasfixingwasreading考点6

现在完成时谓语形式have/has+done(动词的过去分词)常连用的时间状语already,yet,before,just,ever,never,sofar,recently,inthepast/last+时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段等主要用法①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃过午饭了吗?—Yes,Ihave.I’vehadit.是的。我吃过了。(现在不饿)

—Haveyoureadthisbookyet?你读过这本书了吗?

—No,Ihaven’t.不,我没有。(不了解该书)主要用法②表示从过去开始延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用Theyhavelivedheresince2000.他们自2000年以来一直住在这里。如果动词是非延续性动词,在现在完成时中要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。非延续性动词→延续性动词的常见转化见下表:非延续性动词/短语延续性动词/短语diebedeadmarrybemarriedbegin/startbeonbuyhaveleavebeawayopenbeopenborrow/lendkeepjoinbein/amemberof非延续性动词/短语延续性动词/短语arrivein/at/reach/gettobeincatchacoldhaveacoldcomebackbebackfall/becomeasleep/illbeasleep/ill▶

考点专练1.(2024连云港改编)AsatraditionalChinesemartialart(武术),taijiquan

(spread)tomorethan150countriesallovertheworldsofar.hasspread2.(2024安徽改编)—Excuseme,mayIuseyourdictionary?I___________

(leave)minebehind.—Sure.Hereyouare.3.(2024河北改编)Alex

(study)teaculturesincehecametoChinain2010.4.(2024临夏)自从我上次遇到我的小学同学,已经有三年了。It

threeyearssinceIlastmetmyprimaryschoolclassmates.havelefthasstudiedhasbeen5.(2024通辽)到目前为止,中国在航天科技领域已经取得了巨大进步。Sofar,Chinahas

great

inthefieldofspacetechnology.madeprogress考点7

被动语态一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThismachineismadeinChina.这台机器是中国制造的。一般过去时was/were+doneThewindowsinourclassroomwerebrokenyesterday.昨天我们教室的窗户被打破了。一般将来时will/shall+be+doneIthinkthedeskswillberepairedsoon.我想这些课桌很快会被修好。时态被动语态结构例句现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneThebridgeisbeingbuiltnow.这座桥正在修建中。过去进行时was/were+being+doneAtthattime,manytreeswerebeingplanted.那个时候正在种植很多树。现在完成时have/has+been+doneTheworkhasbeenfinishedalready.这项工作已经完成了。【特别提醒】含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+doneTheroommustbecleanedtoday.今天必须打扫房间。二、主动语态变被动语态三、特殊情况下的被动语态1.主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear,see,watch,notice等)和使役动词(如make,let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。hear/seesb.dosth.→sb.beheard/seentodosth.makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。Shegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyher.→Abookwasgiventomebyher.3.动词短语变被动语态时不要拆开,要保持完整。Hetookcareofhisbrotheryesterday.→Hisbrotherwastakencareof(byhim)yesterday.4.主动结构表示被动意义的情况。(1)表示“发生”的happen和takeplace无被动结构。Earthquakesalwayshappensuddenly.地震总是突然发生。(2)look,sound,taste,smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。Mooncakestasteverydelicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。(3)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone。tobedone为不定式的被动结构。Yourcarneedswashing.=Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽车需要清洗了。四、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中国南方种植水稻。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。Smokingisn’tallowedinthegasstation.加油站里不允许吸烟。3.需要强调和突出动作的承受者。Thenewmachinewasinventedbyayoungworker.这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。4.句子的主语是物。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。▶

考点专练1.(2024无锡)Thisstonebridge

(build)over800yearsago.2.(2024包头)—HowcanIbecomeasuccessfulperson?—Well,youshouldrememberthatsuccessisnever

(achieve)byluck.3.(2024白银、平凉、武威)Nomatterhowmanydifficultieswehave,Ibelieveallproblemscanbe

(solve)intheend.wasbuiltachievedsolved4.(2024广州)下周,我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。Alotoffungames

ontheSportsDayinourschoolnextweek.MikeandTomwilltakepartinthe“three-legged”race.will

be

held语法填空(阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。)AHiAlice,Howareyou?I1.

(want)totellyouaboutmytriptothecityspacemuseumtwodaysago.Ihavenever2.

(be)therebefore,soIwasexcited!IwastakingcareofmylittlesisterandshewasboredsoI3.

(say),“Wearegoingonanunusualexperience!”wantbeensaidWhenwearrived,we4.

(start)toexplore(探索).Thespacemuseumisverylargeandfullofinterestingandexcitingobjectstotouch.Thefirstroomyouenterlookslikedeepspace.Thereisinformationaboutdifferentplanetswithaquiz(知识竞赛)attheend.Thewinner5.

(have)achancetoinventanameforaplanet—that’sexciting,isn’tit?Thesecondroomlooksliketheinsideofaspaceship.You6.

(touch)anastronaut’sspacesuit(宇航服).Itlooksreallyheavy!startedhascantouchIdon’tknowhowanastronautcanwearit.Itlooksalittleold.Idon’tknowwhenit7.

(make),either.Andyoucanseewheretheastronautspreparetheirfood.8.

(do)youknowtheyuseaknife,forkandspoontoeat?Ididn’t.Ithoughtitwasallinbags.We9.

(look)attheovenfromthespaceshipwhenmysistertoldmeshewashungry.Sowewenttohaveasnack.Theywerepreparingapizza(比萨饼)intherestaurantandthesmelloffoodalwaysmakesmehungrysowehadapieceofpizza!Itwasdelicious.Whilewewereeatingapizza,theywerebaking(烘焙)biscuits,soweatesome.Don’tworry!

wasmadeDidwerelookingWehaveboughtsomeforyou—you10.

(love)them!Theylooklikerocketsandtastelikehoney!Afterlunch,weexploredmoreofthemuseumandstayedfortherestoftheday.Theywereturningoffthelightswhenweleft!Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?Seeyousoon!HelenwillloveB

Now,primarystudentslearncookingatschool.It1.________________

(discuss)byteachersandparentssincethelessonstarted.Somethinkthatitisausefulskillforstudents,whileothersthinkit’sawasteoftime.Someeventhinkit’sjustashow.Butdotheyreally2.

(understand)cooking?hasbeendiscussedunderstandIt’sbeensaidthatgoodcooking3.

(be)anartform.Thetruthisthatit’smuchmorethanthat.Whentalkingaboutdifferentfoodsfromallaroundtheworld,orcultureandhistoryofdishes,studentsareconnectedto