水利英语 课件 U8 Techniques of Flood Control and Emergency Rescue

Unit8

TechniquesofFloodControlandEmergencyRescue1.understandthetypesoffloodsandtheeffectsoffloods;2.understandthedefinitionandimportanceoffloodcontrolandemergencyrescue;3.knowaboutthemeasuresoffloodcontrolandemergencyrescue;4.learnabouttheThreeGorgesProjectandotherfamousfloodcontrolprojects.Afterlearningthisunit,youshould:

PartⅠLead-in

PartⅡProfessionZoomIn

PartⅢCareerZoomIn

PartⅣReal-LifePracticeTask1Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:PartⅠ

Lead-in

1.Whatisaflood?Whatarethetypesoffloods?

2.Whataretheconsequencesofafloodonhumanbeings,theenvironment,theeconomyandthegovernment?

3.Whatarethemeasurestomitigatetheeffectofaflood?Task

2Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.PartⅠ

Lead-in(A=student;B=lecturer)A:ProfessorZhang,canyoutellmesomethingaboutaflood?Whatexactlyisaflood?Afloodisan(1)____________ofwater,oranexpanseofwatersubmergingland.OK,whatarethe(2)____________ofaflood?Usually,thebasiccauseofafloodistheexcessiverunofffromcatchmentsintoriversystems(3)____________ofcarryingtheextravolumeofwater.Thatmakessense.Withsosmallspace,theriversystemscan’tholdsomuchwateratatime.Youareright.Asaresult,floodscomeintobeing.Isee.Istheeffectoffloods(4)____________inChina?ThatdependsonwhichpartofChinayou’rereferringto.InthesoutheastofChina,thereisalotof(5)____________.That’sawful.Thanksforyourpatience,professor.Seeyouinthenextclass.Seeyou.B:overflowB:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:causesincapablewidespreadfloodingProfessionZoomInReading

In1975,theHuaiheRiverfloodedandtheBanqiaoReservoirinHenanProvinceoverwhelmedthedam.Thefloodof600millioncubicmeterswasreleasedwithin5hoursandrusheddownstreamataspeedof6meterspersecond.Thewatersurfacewasabout10kilometerswideandthedepthwas4to5meters.TherailwaytracksoftheBeijing-GuangzhouRailwayweretwistedintoknots,killingtensofthousandsofpeople.Flooddisasterscausehugelossestopeople’slivesandproperties.Therefore,itisnecessarytomasterfloodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechniquesandtakeeffectivemeasurestominimizethelossescausedbyflooddisasters.

Floodcontrolisalong-term,complexandarduouswork,whichhastwoaspects.Oneistoavoidfloodingofprotectedareasbychangingthenaturalmovementcharacteristicsoffloods,andtheotheristoreducetheadverseeffectsoffloodsbyactivelyadaptingtofloodsortakingmeasuresafterdisasters.Theformerisafloodcontrolengineeringmeasure,andthelatterisafloodcontrolnon-engineeringmeasure.Thecombinationoffloodcontrolengineeringandnon-engineeringmeasuresisconsideredtobeasustainablefloodcontrolsystem.译文返回原文防洪抢险

1975年，淮河大水，河南省板桥水库漫坝，6亿立方米洪水在5小时内泄空，以每秒6米的速度冲向下游，水面宽约10公里，水深4～5米，京广路铁轨被拧成麻花，数万人受灾。洪水灾害给人民的生命和财产造成巨大损失，因此，人们必须掌握防洪抢险技术，采取有效的措施，尽量减轻洪水灾害造成的损失。防洪是一项长期且复杂艰巨的工作，其有两个方面。一是通过改变洪水天然运动特性以避免保护区受淹，二是通过人类主动适应洪水或灾害后采取措施减少洪水的不利影响，前者为防洪工程措施，后者为非防洪工程措施。防洪工程措施和非工程措施相结合，才是可持续发展的防洪体系。Reading

Floodcontrolengineeringmeasuresgenerallyincluderiverregulation,reservoirconstruction,damconstruction,flooddiversionarea(flooddetentionarea,floodstoragearea)construction,etc.Non-engineeringmeasuresforfloodcontrolincludefloodforecasting,floodriskmap,floodinsurance,floodareamanagement,floodstorageanddetentionareamanagement,andpolicyandregulationmanagement.

Floodcontrolandemergencyrescuearetwoinseparablepartsoffloodcontrolwork.Floodcontrolisthepreventionormitigationofflooddisasters,theworkofpreventingfloodsduringthefloodseason,anditspurposeistoensurethesafetyofreservoirs,embankmentsanddownstreamareasofthereservoir.Emergencyrescuereferstotheemergencyrescuemeasuresadoptedinordertoavoidtheexpansionofthedangeroussituationandeventheaccidentoftheprojectwhenthehydraulicstructuressuddenlyappearindangeroussituationssuchasleakage,landslide,cracks,collapseandbankcollapseasthewaterlevelishighorthewaterisretreatingrapidly.Thecontentsoffloodcontrolandemergencyrescueworkinclude:establishingafloodcontrolleadingorganization,organizingafloodcontrolteam,storingfloodcontrolmaterials,detectingandforecastingwaterconditions,checkingvariousdangeroussituationsthatmayoccurinfloodcontrolprojects,andtakingtimelyandeffectiverescuemeasures.译文返回原文防洪工程措施一般包括河道整治、修建水库、修筑堤坝、修建分洪区（或滞洪、蓄洪区）等。非防洪工程措施有：洪水预报、洪水风险图、洪水保险、洪泛区管理、蓄滞洪区管理和政策与法规管理等。防汛和抢险是抗洪工作中不可分割的两部分。防汛是为防止或减轻洪水灾害，在汛期进行的防御洪水的工作，其目的是保证水库、堤防和水库下游地区的安全。如果水位过高或者退水较快，水工建筑可能会突然出现渗漏、滑坡、裂缝、坍塌、崩岸等险情，为避免险情扩大乃至发生工程事故，必须采取紧急抢护措施，这就是抢险。防洪抢险工作的内容包括：建立防洪领导机构、组织防洪队伍、储备防洪物料、进行水情的检测和预报、搞好洪水调度、做好防洪工程可能出现的各种险情的检查工作、采取及时有效的抢险措施。Reading

Theembankmentprojectplaysanimportantroleinfloodcontrolengineeringmeasures.Embankmentprojectsrefertowaterretainingstructuresbuiltalongtheedgesofrivers,canals,lakes,coastsorflooddischargeareas,flooddiversionareasandreclamationareas.Embankmentprojectsareveryimportanttoresistingfloods,butsometimes,whenembankmentprojectsencounterfloods,theremaybedangeroussituationssuchaswaterseepage,piping,overflow,flowingsoil,landslides,cracks,andcollapses.Amongthem,themoredangerousonesarewaterseepage,overflow,pipingandlandslides.Therearemanymethodstodealwiththeseemergencysituations,butthemostimportantmeasureistoobserveandinspecttheprojectsinadvanceandensurethattheycangetthroughthefloodseason.译文返回原文堤防工程在防洪工程措施中具有重要的地位。堤防工程是指沿河、渠、湖、海岸或行洪区、分洪区、围垦区的边缘修筑的挡水建筑物。尽管堤防工程对抵御洪水至关重要，但有时，堤防遇洪水，可能出现散浸、管涌、漫溢、流土、滑坡、裂缝、坍塌等险情。其中出现较多的险情是散浸、漫溢、管涌和滑坡。应对这些紧急情况的方法有很多，但最重要的措施是提前观察和检查这些工程，确保它们能够度过汛期。Reading译文

Thequalityoffloodcontrolworkisofgreatsignificance.Therefore,thescientificapplicationoffloodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechnologyisthefirstissuethatwaterconservancyworkersshouldfocusonintheconstructionofwaterconservancyprojects.Ifrescuetechnologyisnotproperlyadopted,waterconservancyprojectaccidentsmayoccurinsomewaterconservancyprojects,whichcanendangerthesafetyofnationalpropertyandpeople’slives.Inthisregard,itisnecessarytomasterthecorrectfloodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechniquestosafelypassthefloodseason.返回原文防洪工作的质量非常重要，那么，科学地运用防洪抢险技术是水利工作者在水利工程建设中首先应该重点考虑的问题。但是，在当今很多的水利工程中，由于抢险技术不正确，导致发生水利工程事故，对国家财产和人民的生命安全造成了严重的影响。对此，为了确保国家财产不受到损失、保证人民的生命安全，必须掌握正确的防洪抢险技术，安全地度过汛期。overwhelm[ˌəʊvəˈwelm]v.淹没release[rɪˈliːs]v.释放，发泄arduous[ˈɑːdʒuəs]adj.艰巨的adverse[ˈædvɜːs]adj.不利的，有害的insurance[ɪnˈʃʊərəns]n.保险inseparable[ɪnˈseprəbl]adj.分不开的mitigation[ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃn]n.缓解，减轻expansion[ɪkˈspænʃ(ə)n]n.扩大，扩张leakage[ˈliːkɪdʒ]n.漏，漏出，泄漏landslide[ˈlændslaɪd]n.滑坡crack[kræk]n.裂缝collapse[kəˈlæps]n.倒塌，坍塌retreat[rɪˈtriːt]v.撤退，后退piping[ˈpaɪpɪŋ]n.管涌overflow[ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ]n.漫溢inspect[ɪnˈspekt]v.检查application[ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]n.运用cubicmeters立方米floodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechniques防洪抢险技术riverregulation河道整治flooddiversionarea分洪区flooddetentionarea滞洪区floodstoragearea蓄洪区floodriskmap洪水风险图waterretainingstructures挡水建筑物reclamationarea围垦区waterseepage渗水，散浸flowingsoil流土Emergencyrescuereferstotheemergencyrescuemeasuresadoptedinordertoavoidtheexpansionofthedangeroussituationandeventheaccidentoftheprojectwhenthehydraulicstructuressuddenlyappearindangeroussituationssuchasleakage,landslide,cracks,collapseandbankcollapseasthewaterlevelishighorthewaterisretreatingrapidly.译文：应急救援是指在水位较高或水位迅速退减的情况下，水工建筑突然出现渗漏、滑坡、裂缝、坍塌、崩岸等险情，为避免危险情况下扩大甚至工程事故的发生而采取应急救援措施。注释：adopted为过去分词，表被动，修饰measures,inordertoavoidtheexpansionofthedangeroussituationandeventheaccidentoftheproject是目的状语，whenthehydraulicstructuressuddenlyappearindangeroussituationssuchasleakage,landslide,collapse,bankcollapse,andcracks和asthewaterlevelishighorthewaterisretreatingrapidly是时间状语。❶Embankmentprojectsareveryimportanttoresistingfloods,butsometimes,whenembankmentprojectsencounterfloods,theremaybedangeroussituationssuchaswaterseepage,piping,overflow,flowingsoil,landslides,cracks,andcollapses.译文：尽管堤防工程对抵御洪水至关重要，但有时，堤防遇洪水可能出现散浸、管涌、漫溢、流土、滑坡、裂缝、坍塌等险情。注释：此句中的waterseepage,piping,overflow,flowingsoil,landslides,cracks,andcollapses为防洪抢险技术中的专业用语，waterseepage是散浸，piping是管涌，flowingsoil是流土。❷ReadingTask1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.ReadingTask

2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsinthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.Dogsmayhavelearnedto______________threatsignsfromhumansandrespondbytryingtomakepeace,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thesoldiersknewwhentoattackandwhento________________.Peopleshouldn’tbuy______________protectionthatisn’tnecessary.Thetwoboysare______________friends.Thestormcausedthe______________oftheroof.1.2.3.4.5.detectretreatinseparable

insurance

retreat

collapse

detectinsuranceinseparablecollapseReadingTask

3Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.Itisnecessarytomasterfloodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechniquesandtakeeffectivemeasurestominimizethelossescausedbyflooddisasters.Floodcontrolisashort-term,complexandarduouswork,whichhastwoaspects.Oneistheengineeringmeasuresandtheotheristhenon-engineeringmeasures.Thepurposeoffloodcontrolistoensurethesafetyofreservoirs,embankmentsanddownstreamareasofthereservoir.Floodcontrolandemergencyrescuearetwodifferentpartsoffloodcontrolwork,whichhavenothingtodowitheachother.Thescientificapplicationoffloodcontrolandemergencyrescuetechnologyisthefirstissuethatwaterconservancyworkersshouldfocusonintheconstructionofwaterconservancyprojects.()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.TFTFTListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Mr.Johnson,I’dliketoasksomequestionsoftheeffectaboutfloods.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?Yes,theeffectoffloodscanbedevastating.Forexample,intheyear1993,theMississippiRiverintheUnitedStates(1)_____________.Themainstreamofitbreachedmorethan1,000places.Yes,Iheardthatitsubmerged120millionacresoffarmland,andcausedmorethan18billionU.S.dollarsineconomiclosses.It’sso(2)___________.Soisthereanywaytorepairtheriversothatitcanwithstandthefloodmoreeffectively?A:AspokesmanoftheWaterConservancyauthoritiesoftheU.S.isansweringthereporter’squestionsaboutfloodcontrolandemergencyrescuemeasurespeoplecantakewhenfacingdangeroussituations.B:flooded(A=reporter;B=spokesman)A:terrifyingListeningWell,(3)_____________onthedifferentdangeroussituations,wecantaketargetedmeasures.Howcanwedealwithwaterseepageofembankmentprojects?Themethodsof(4)____________rescueincludeditchingforpermeation,infiltrationandcultivationmethod,andthemethodofreversefilterlayerconstruction.Later,Iwillexplaintoyouin(5)___________.Ok,thankyou.You’rewelcome.B:dependingA:B:A:B:emergencydetailListeningdevastating[ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ]adj.毁灭性的breach[briːtʃ]v.在……上打开缺口submerge[səbˈmɜːdʒ]v.淹没，沉没withstand[wɪðˈstænd]v.经受住，承受ditching[ˈdɪtʃɪŋ]n.挖沟infiltration[ˌɪnfɪlˈtreɪʃn]n.渗透，渗透物reverse[rɪˈvɜːs]adj.反面的，颠倒的SpeakingMakeasimilardialogueaccordingtothesituationwiththehelpoftheusefulexpressionsgivenbelow.Yourdialoguecanbebasedonthelisteningmaterialabove.

Afterlearningthefloodcontrolandemergencyrescuemeasures,twostudentsaretalkingabouttherescuemeasurespeoplecantakewhenfacedwithdangeroussituations.SpeakingUsefulexpressionsyoumayuse:1.Theeffectoffloodscanbedevastating.Forexample,...2.Itsubmerged/killed...andcausedmorethan...ineconomiclosses.3.It’ssoterrifying.So,isthereanywaytorepairtheriversothatitcanwithstandthefloodmoreeffectively?4.Dependingonthedifferentdangeroussituations,wecantaketargetedmeasures.5.Howcanwedealwith...embankmentprojects?6.Themethodsofemergencyrescueinclude...7.Later,Iwillexplaintoyouindetail.CareerZoomInReading

ThelongestriverinAsia,theYangtzeRiverbringsmixedblessingstoChina.Althoughitmeetsthewaterneedsofmillionsofpeople,theriverregularlyoverflowsitsbanks.ToprotecttheresidentsandfarmlandinthelowerYangtzefloodplains,ChinabeganconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamin1994afteryearsofinvestigation,explorationanddiscussion.

In2009,themainbodyoftheThreeGorgesProjectwascompleted.Behindit,manydecision-makers,designers,tensofthousandsofbuildersandmillionsofimmigrantsgaveandsacrificed.

ThemainbodyoftheThreeGorgesProjectisthedam,buttobuildthedam,itisnecessarytobuildtwocofferdamsandconnecttheminordertocutoffthesurgingriverwater.However,theconstructionofthecofferdamsencounteredunprecedenteddifficulties.Withaprudentattitude,thebuildersoftheThreeGorgesProjectconductedrepeatedmodelexperimentsintheengineeringdemonstrationanddesignstages.Finally,theyfiguredoutawaytomakethestonereachthebottomoftheriver,standfirm,andformacofferdamthatinterceptedtheriver.Intheend,at3:30p.m.onNovember8,1997,thetwocofferdamsontheleftandtherightwerefinallyconnectedtogether,andtherollingriverwascutoffinthemiddle,whichshowsthecreativeideasofthebuilders.译文返回原文三峡工程亚洲最长的河流——长江，让中国喜忧参半。虽然它满足了数百万人的用水需求，但这条河经常溢出河岸。为保护长江下游洪泛区居民和农田，经过多年的考察、探索和讨论，中国于1994年开始建设三峡大坝。

2009年，三峡水利枢纽工程主体完工。在其背后，凝聚着许多决策者、设计师、数万名建设者和百万移民的付出和牺牲。三峡工程的主体是大坝，但建造大坝，需要建两个围堰，将它们连接起来，以截断滔滔江水。然而围堰的修筑，却遇到了前所未有的困难。三峡建设者以科学、审慎的态度，在工程论证、设计阶段，反复进行模型实验。最终，他们想出了一个办法，能够使石料到达江底，站稳脚跟，形成拦截江流的围堰。最终，在1997年11月8日下午3时30分，左右两道戗堤终于连接在一起，滚滚江水就这样被拦腰截断。大江截流，体现了建设者们的创意。Reading

TheamountofconcretetobepouredintheThreeGorgesProjectisfarmorethanthatoftheItaipuHydropowerStation,oncelargestpowerstationintheworld.From1999to2001,theThreeGorgesProjectsetaworldrecordfortheamountofconcretepouredforthreeconsecutiveyears.Thefront-lineconstructionworkersenduredtheairlessanddustyworkingenvironment.Althoughwateranddormitorieswerenotsoabundant,theystillworkedhardandweresilentlydedicatedandpersevering.

TheshiplocksfornavigationoftheThreeGorgesProjectarethelargestshiplocksintheworldwithaheightof40stories.Thegranitemountainwassplitintoagiantman-madecanyonwithalengthof7kilometers,awidthof56meters,andadepthof170meters.Thebuilderstightlyrivetedtherockandtheconcretewallonasteepslope.Thetotallengthoftheanchorcableandboltdrillusedcanpenetratetheearth.Duringthe6years,thebuildersflattened18hills,andamongthem,48departmentsand148individualsmadecontributionstotheconstructionoftheshiplocks.译文三峡工程须浇注的混凝土数量,远远超过此前全球最大的伊泰普水电站。从1999年到2001年,三峡工程连续3年刷新混凝土浇筑量的世界纪录。一线施工人忍受着密不透风、尘土扑面的工作环境，虽然干净的水和宿舍没有那么充足，但他们依然努力工作，默默奉献并坚持不懈。三峡永久船闸是世界上最大的船闸，高达40层。其整座花岗岩山体被劈成一道长7公里、宽56米、深170米的巨型人造峡谷。建设者们在陡峭的边坡上,把岩石与混凝土墙紧紧地铆为一体,其所用的锚索、锚杆钻的总长度能够穿透地球。6个寒暑,建设者们削平了18座山头,其中有48个部门、148个人为船闸的建设做出了贡献。返回原文Reading译文

ThegreatchangesintheThreeGorgesProjectshowtotheworldthatitisnotonlysteelandconcretethatsupportthedambutalsotheeffortsanddedicationoftheimmigrants.Accordingtothenormalwaterlevelof175meters,thefloodedareaofthereservoirinvolved20districts,cities,andcountiesinHubeiProvinceandChongqingMunicipality,andthetotalpopulationmovedoutofthefloodedareawasnearly1.3million.Millionsofimmigrantstooktheoverallsituationintoconsiderationandarewillingtocontribute,showingthepatriotismoftheChinesenation.

ThehugefloodcontroleffectoftheThreeGorgesProjecthasprovidedaguaranteefortheeconomicandsociallifeoftheentiremiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.TheprojecthasenabledChinatomanagemoreeffectivelythefloodcontrolanddroughtresistanceandtocontrolwaterstorageanddrainageasneeded.Atthesametime,itshugehydropowerresourceshavedeliveredalargeamountofpowerresourcestoCentralChina,EastChinaandSouthChina.Thisprojectleavespeoplewithwell-being,hydropowersupplyforagriculturalandindustrialproduction,andharmonyfornature.

三峡的巨变向世人宣告，支撑大坝的不仅仅是钢铁和混凝土，更有近130万移民的努力与奉献。按照三峡工程175米正常蓄水水位，水库淹没区涉及湖北和重庆20个区市县，搬离水库淹没区的人口总数，将近130万人。百万移民顾全大局、甘于奉献的精神,彰显出中华民族一脉相承的爱国主义情怀。三峡工程的巨大防洪作用，对整个长江中下游地区正常的经济社会生活，提供了一个巨大的保障。三峡工程可以使中国实现防洪抗旱收放自如，存水泄水按需操控。同时，其巨大的水能资源，为华中、华东和华南输送了大量的电力资源。这座大坝，留给人们的是福祉、留给工农业生产以电力、留给自然的是和谐。返回原文Reading译文

TheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesProjecthasshowntheworldthattheChinesepathtomodernizationisamodernizationofharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.Humanityandnaturemakeupacommunityoflife.Ifweextractfromnaturewithoutlimitorinflictdamageonit,weareboundtofaceitsretaliation.Chinaiscommittedtosustainabledevelopmentandtotheprinciplesofprioritizingresourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionandlettingnaturerestoreitself.Wewillprotectnatureandtheenvironmentaswedoourownlives.Wewillcontinuetopursueamodelofsounddevelopmentfeaturingimprovedproduction,higherlivingstandards,andhealthyecosystemstoensurethesustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.三峡大坝的建设向世界展示了中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。人与自然是生命共同体，无止境地向自然索取甚至破坏自然必然会遭到大自然的报复。我们坚持可持续发展，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，像保护眼睛一样保护自然和生态环境，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，实现中华民族永续发展。返回原文floodplains[ˈflʌdpleɪn]n.泛滥平原sacrifice[ˈsækrɪfaɪs]v.牺牲cofferdam[ˈkɒfədæm]n.围堰surge[sɜːdʒ]v.汹涌，飞涨encounter[ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]v.遭遇unprecedented[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]adj.前所未有的，空前的prudent[ˈpruːd(ə)nt]adj.小心的，谨慎的conduct[kənˈdʌkt]v.进行，组织，实施demonstration[ˌdemənˈstreɪʃ(ə)n]n.示范，演示，证明intercept[ˌɪntəˈsept]v.拦截，拦住consecutive[kənˈsekjətɪv]adj.连续的，不间断的front-line[ˌfrʌntˈlaɪn]adj.前线的persevering[ˌpɜ:səˈvɪərɪŋ]adj.坚忍的granite[ˈɡrænɪt]n.花岗岩，花岗石canyon[ˈkænjən]n.峡谷rivet[ˈrɪvɪt]v.铆接penetrate[ˈpenətreɪt]v.穿透，穿过flatten[ˈflæt(ə)n]v.使变平inflict[ɪnˈflɪkt]v.使遭受打击；使吃苦头retaliation[rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃ(ə)n]n.报复prioritize[praɪˈɒrətaɪz]v.优先处理ecosystem[ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm]n.生态系统YangtzeRiver长江theThreeGorgesDam三峡大坝modelexperiment模型实验theItaipuHydropowerStation伊泰普水电站shiplock船闸anchorcable锚索boltdrill锚杆钻harmonybetweenhumanityandnature人与自然和谐共生acommunityoflife命运共同体sustainabledevelopment可持续发展Intheend,at3:30p.m.onNovember8,1997,thetwocofferdamsontheleftandtherightwerefinallyconnectedtogether,andtherollingriverwascutoffinthemiddle,whichshowsthecreativeideasofthebuilders.译文：1997年11月8日下午3时30分，左右两座围堰终于连在一起，从中间截断了滚滚江流，这也体现了建设者的创造性。注释：Intheend和at3:30p.m.onNovember8,1997都是时间状语，and连接两个并列分句，而whichshowsthecreativeideasofthebuilders作为非限定性定语从句，补充说明前面两个分句。❶Thegranitemountainwassplitintoagiantman-madecanyonwithalengthof7kilometers,awidthof56meters,andadepthof170meters.译文：整座花岗岩山体被劈成一道长7公里、宽56米、深170米的巨型人造峡谷。注释：wassplitinto是被动语态，with后面是定语，修饰说明峡谷的长度、宽度和深度。❷Accordingtothenormalwaterlevelof175meters,thefloodedareaofthereservoirinvolved20districts,cities,andcountiesinHubeiProvinceandChongqingMunicipality,andthetotalpopulationmovedoutofthefloodedareawasnearly1.3million.译文：按照三峡工程175米正常蓄水水位，水库淹没区涉及湖北省和重庆市20个区市县，搬离水库淹没区的人口总数，将近130万人。注释：thefloodedareaofthereservoirinvolved20districts,cities,andcountiesinHubeiProvinceandChongqingMunicipality和thetotalpopulationmovedoutofthefloodedareawasnearly1.3million是由and连接的两个句子，其中involved和后句的was是并列的谓语动词，后句的moved是过去分词，表达动作已完成。❸ReadingTask1Basedonthepassage,choosethecorrectanswerforeachstatement.Accordingtothepassage,theYangtzeRivercanmeetthewaterneedsofmillionsofpeople,butithasoneproblem,whatisit?Theriverregularly_______________itsbanks.1.WhogaveandsacrificedfortheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesProject?Manydecision-makers,designers,tensofthousandsofbuildersandmillionsof_______________gaveandsacrificed.2.overflowsimmigrantsReadingWhatisthepurposeofbuildingthetwocofferdams?Thepurposeofbuildingthetwocofferdamsisto_____________themandcutoffthesurgingwatersothatthedamcanbebuilt.3.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatdifficultiesdidthefront-lineworkershavetodealwith?Thefront-lineworkershadtoenduretheairlessand___________workingenvironment.4.connectdustyReadingAccordingtoparagraph5,besidessteelandconcrete,whatelsesupportstheThreeGorgesDam?Besidesthesteelandconcrete,thededicationand_______________oftheimmigrantssupportthedam.5.effortsReadingTask

2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.OnepurposeofconstructingtheThreeGorgesProjectistoprotecttheresidentsandfarmlandinthelowerYangtzefloodplains.At3:30p.m.onNovember8,1997,thetwocofferdamsontheleftandtherightwerefinallyconnectedtogether,butstill,therollingrivercouldn’tbeinterceptedinthemiddle.From1999to2001,thefront-lineconstructionworkersoftheThreeGorgesProjectsetaworldrecordforpouringlargeamountsofconcreteforthreeconsecutiveyears.ThebuilderstightlyrivetedtherockandtheconcretewallonasteepslopewithanchorcablesandboltdrillswhilebuildingtheshiplocksfortheThreeGorgesProject.MillionsofimmigrantshavemovedoutofthefloodedareabecausetheycanmakeabetterlivingratherthanforthesakeoftheirpatriotismfortheChinesenation.()1.()2.()3.()4.TFTT()5.F

Affectedbyfloods,itiseasyfortheweaklayeroftheembankmenttoformaleakagechannel,whichmaycauselargeleakageandendangertheembankment.So,itisveryimportanttograspthedetectiontechnologyoftheweaklayersoftheembankment.Afterrepeatedexperiments,researchersfinallydeterminedthatthetransientelectromagneticdetectiontechnologyandthetransientRayleighsurfacewavedetectiontechnologyareeffectivefordetectingthedistributionrangeoftheweaklayers.Thefollowingarethedetailsofthetwodetectiontechnologies.

(1)Transientelectromagneticdetectiontechnology.

ThetransientelectromagneticmethodreferstotheTEMmethodortimedomainelectromagneticmethod.Itusesanungroundedreturnwireoragroundedwiresourcetosendaprimarypulsedmagneticfieldtotheground.Duringtheintermittentperiodoftheprimarypulsedmagneticfield,itusesacoilorgroundelectrodetoobservethechangeofthesecondaryeddycurrentfieldofthehalf-spaceofthesubsurface.Themainadvantagesofthismethodareahighsignal-to-noiseratio,strongresolution,goodmeasurementdepth,andfastdetectionspeed.译文DetectionTechnologyofEmbankmentWeakLayers堤防软弱层探测技术受汛期洪水影响，堤防软弱层容易形成渗漏通道，可能会出现较大渗漏，危及堤防的安全。因此掌握堤防薄弱层的检测技术非常重要。经过反复实验，研究人员最终确定瞬变电磁探测技术和瞬态瑞雷面波对探测薄弱层的分布范围是有效的。以下是这两项检测技术的细节。（一）瞬变电磁探测技术瞬变电磁法，简称TEM法，或称时间域电磁法。它是利用不接地回线或接地线源向地下发送一次脉冲磁场，在一次脉冲磁场的间歇期间，利用线圈或接地电极观测地下半空间二次涡流场的变化，从而达到探测目的的方法。这种方法的主要优点是信噪比高、分辨力强、探测深度大、探测速度快。经研究部门在黄河下游九堡大堤老口门处探测，瞬变电磁法的探测被证明非常准确。返回原文

(2)TransientRayleighsurfacewavedetectiontechnology.

Thedetectiontechnologyisanelasticbasedgrounddetectiontechnologydevelopedinthemid-1980s.Itstheoryistousethedispersion(wavevelocitychangeswithfrequency)characteristicsofRayleighsurfacewavestoachievethepurposeofdetectingdeepstructures.

BoththedetectionmethodshaveprovedaccurateattheLaokouGateofJiubaoEmbankmentinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiverandagooddetectioneffectwasobtained.Forthesecondtechnology,theexperimentfoundthatitsdispersioncurvehasprovedtohaveagoodcorrespondencewiththedrillingdata.译文（二）瞬态瑞雷面波探测技术瞬态瑞雷面波探测技术是20世纪80年代中期开发的一种弹性波地面探测技术。其理论依据是利用瑞雷面波的频散（波速随频率变化）特性达到探测深部构造的目的。研究部门在黄河下游九堡大堤老口门处用瞬态瑞雷面波探测技术，得到了较好的探测效果，其频散曲线与钻孔资料有较好的对应关系。返回原文weaklayer软弱层transientelectromagneticdetectiontechnology瞬变电磁探测技术transientRayleighsurfacewave瞬态瑞雷面波探测技术distributionrange分布范围timedomainelectromagnetic时间域电磁ungroundedreturnwire不接地回线groundedwiresource接地线源primarypulsedmagneticfield一次脉冲磁场intermittent[ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt]adj.间歇的，断断续续的groundelectrode接地电极secondaryeddycurrentfield二次涡流场subsurface[ˈsʌbsɜːfɪs]adj.地下的，表面下的signal-to-noiseratio信噪比resolution[ˌrezəˈluːʃ(ə)n]n.分辨率elastic[ɪˈlæstɪk]adj.有弹性的，灵活的dispersion[dɪˈspɜːʃn]n.分散velocity[vəˈlɒsəti]n.速率，速度LaokouGateofJiubaoEmbankment九堡大堤老口门ListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.AreporterisinterviewinganexpertaboutthemeasuresforreducingfloodrisksintheMississippiDeltainordertobettercarryoutfloodcontrolinthearea.(A=reporter;B=expert)Mr.Jones,fromyourlecture,wecanseethatwaterconservancyprojectsdoplayahugeroleindevelopingandusingrivers.Canyougive