Unit1Grammar课件-英语译林版八年级下册

GrammarUnit1Pastandpresent能掌握现在完成时的用法和其肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及肯否定回答的结构;能掌握动词过去分词的变化规则。学习目标12Inabout40years,Shenzhen,acityinsouthernChina,hasdevelopedfromafishingvillagetoatophigh-techcity.ApioneerinChina'sreformandopeningup,Shenzhenhasattractedworkersfromacrosstheworld.Ithasrisentobecomeanimportantcentrefortechnologyindustriesintheworldandishometomanytechgiants.Moreover,thecityhaswonanawardfromUNESCOforbeingarolemodelinencouragingreadingamongthepublic.Sincethelate1970s,ShenzhenhasdevelopedatanamazingspeedandhasbecomeasymbolofChina'sdevelopment.Payattentiontothestructureofthesentences.Leadin+donesb.+have/hasPresentPerfectTense现在完成时新课讲授Usage1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.e.g.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.e.g.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)3.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.e.g.IhavealreadyvisitedMrChen’sneighbourhoodseveraltimes.IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes.现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。e.g.Hehasnotreturnedthebooktomeyet.他还没有把那本书还给我。HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.他从没去过长城。Suzhouclassicalgardenshavebeenfamousfora

longtime.苏州园林已闻名许久。注意：already常用于肯定句，意为“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”。Ihavefinishedmyhomework____.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework____?A.yet,yetB.yet,alreadyC.already,yetD.already,alreadyPractice：单项选择:Hehasjustgonehome.Shehasalreadyhadaholidaythisyear.Ithasbroken!IhaveseenmynewEnglishteacher.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Youhave

finishedtheexercise.Wehaveseenthisfilmbefore.Readthesentencesbelowandtrytosummarisethesentencestructure.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词(+其他).Ihaven’t/havenotdonemyhomeworkyet.Youhaven’t/havenotansweredmyquestion.Wehaven’t/havenotworkedonafarm.Theyhaven’t/havenotseeneachotherforages.Hehasn’t/hasnotbeenhomeforfiveyears.Shehasn’t/hasnotfoundanewjob.Ithasn’t/hasnotfinishedyet.否定句：主语+have/has+not|haven't/hasn’t+动词过去分词(+其他).Readthesentencesbelowandtrytosummarisethesentencestructure.1.IhaveseenmynewEnglishteacher.Practice将下列句子变为否定句。Ihavenot

seenmynewEnglishteacher.2.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theyhavenot/haven't

boughtanewcar.3.Shehasalreadyhadaholidaythisyear.Shehasnot/hasn'thadaholidaythisyearyet.HaveIeverdoneitbefore?Haveyoupractisedthepianorecently?Havewedoneitright?Havetheygonehomeyet?Hasheworkedherelong?Hasshealreadysentthefax?Hasitworkedproperly?Readthesentencesbelowandtrytosummarisethesentencestructure.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(+其他)?肯定否定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven't/hasn't.1.IhaveseenmynewEnglishteacher.Practice将下列句子变为一般疑问句。Have

youseenyournewEnglishteacher?2.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Havetheyboughtanewcar?3.Shehasalreadyhadaholidaythisyear.Hasshehadaholidaythisyearyet?现在完成时的特殊疑问句Whathaveyoudone?Whathasshedone?特殊疑问词have/hasWhathaveTomandJanedone?在一般疑问句的结构上句前加上特殊疑问词主语过去分词Weformthepastparticlesofregularverbsbyadding–ed,justaswhatwedotoformthesimplepasttenseoftheseverbs.Mostverbs+edfinish—finishedVerbsendingin-e+dchange-changedVerbsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iedcarry—carriedShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantdoubletheconsonant+edstop—stopped(1)

大部分动词后面直接加ed。

work—worked—worked(2)

以e结尾的动词，直接加d。

live—lived—lived(3)

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y，再加ied。

study—studied—studied

(4)

以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。

drop—dropped—dropped规则变化Weformthepastparticiplesofirregularverbsdifferently.Herearesomeexamples.Nochangecome—comehurt—hurtChangethevowelhold—heldwin—wonChangetheconsonantlend—lentbuild—builtChangethevowel(s)andtheconsonant(s)catch—caughtkeep—keptforget-forgottentell—toldothersbe—beenhave—hadfall—fallenfly—flowndraw—drawnsee—seen不规则动词的过去分词变化：有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下：变化举例与原形相同hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt在原形后加t或dlearn—learnt—learnthear—heard—heard原形中的元音字母有变化get—got—gotsit—sat—sat原形中的辅音字母有变化make—made—madespill—spilt—spilt原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化feel—felt—feltsmell—smelt—smelt有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下：变化举例与原形相同come—came—comerun—ran—run原形中的元音字母有变化ring—rang—rungsing—sang—sung在原形上加eneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallen在原形上加nsee—saw—seengive—gave—given在过去式上加nsteal—stole—stolenbreak—broke—broken原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大do—did—donego—went—gone常见时间状语1.for+一段时间

e.g.Shehassleptfor10hours.2.since+时间点(自从...)

e.g.Ihavelivedheresince2002.Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.3.recently(最近）

e.g.Hehaseatenmanyicecreamsrecently.4.sofar=tillnow=untilnow=uptonow(迄今为止)

e.g.Ihaven’tgothisletteruptonow.5.before(单独用于句尾)

e.g.Ihaveneverheardaboutthissuperstarbefore.6.justvs.justnowjust:(现完)ShehasjustgonetoBeijing.justnow:(过去)Shewenthomejustnow.7.ever&neverever:(主要用于疑问句)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

never:(表否定)

IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.8.already&yet(已经)already:(肯)Hehasalreadyleft.

yet:(否/疑)Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.9.thesedays

e.g.Shehasread5booksthesedays.10.in/during/overthe(past)tenyears

e.g.Shehasgrownalotinthepast2years.•SunshineTown(1)______________(change)alotovertheyears.•Thegovernment(2)_____just________(turn)partofthetowncenterintoanewpark.•Recently,theairinourtown(3)______________(improve)alot.•Somepeopleinthecountryside(4)______already_______(move)tonewbuildings.•Lastyear,thegovernment(5)_______(build)anartmuseum.I(6)______________(notvisit)themuseumyet.MillieiswritingaboutthechangesinSunshineTown.Completehernoteswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.haschangedhavemovedhasimprovedturnedbuilthaven’tvisitedhasPracticeMillieiswritingaboutherfamilylife.Completehersentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.buyvisitfindleavegoreturnwork●Myfather(1)________ajobasanengineerinacompanyafterhefinishedcollege.He(2)__________atthecompanyforover17yearsuptonow.●Mymum(3)_____herhometownattheageof18,butsheoftenreturnstovisitmygrandparents.Lastweekshe(4)_________backtoseethemand(5)______not________yet.●Myfamily(6)________acarlastyear.Sincethen,we(7)__________manybeautifulplacesinthiscar.foundhasworkedleftwenthasreturnedboughthavevisitedReporter:HelloAndrew.You(1)___________(live)inShenzhenfortenyears.Doyoulikelivinghere?Andrew:Yes,verymuch.I(2)________(be)tomanycitiesaroundtheworld,butShenzhenismyfavourite.YoucouldsayI(3)________(fall)inlovewithShenzhen—itfeelslikehome.Reporter:Infact,there(4)________(be)lotsofchangesinthepastfewyears.(5)_______you_______(notice)anyofthesewhileyou'vebeenhere?Andrew:Well,transporthaschangedalot.There(6)________(be)moreundergroundlinesnow.Itaketheundergroundmostdays.It'svery

easytogetaroundthecity.Reporter:Yes,itis.Thankyouforspeakingtome.I(7)________(enjoy)

hearingyourthoughtsaboutourcity.MillieiswatchingareporterinterviewingaforeignerwhohaslivedinShenzhenforafewyears.Readtheinterviewscriptandfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.havelivedhavebeenhavefallenhavebeenHavenoticedareenjoyTalkwithyourpartneraboutthechangesinyourhometown,usingthepresentperfecttense.一、单项选择1.—Haveyou______yourhomeworkyet?—Yes,I______itanhourago.

A.finish;finishedB.finished;finishedC.finished;havefinished2.She______inBeijingsince2010.

A.lives