《无损检测专业英语》高职全套教学课件

无损检测专业英语全套可编辑PPT课件

语言学习的步骤听说读写翻译翻译必备的素质:1、了解中西方文化差异；2、刻苦认真，字典不离手；3、掌握翻译技巧。中西文化差异Lover情人爱人Wifehusband亚洲四小龙红楼梦PapertigerIronbowl纸老虎铁饭碗ThefourAsiantigerthestoryofstone历史AluckdogAcleverdogAnolddogTohelpalamedogoverastile.Everydoghasitsday.文化猪狗不如Likeknowslike.Wisdompreparesfortheworst;butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.思维刻苦认真，字典不离手Myheartwillgoon.Inmylifewewillalwaysgoon.Class课程，阶级

grade程度，等级前缀、后缀（否定，肯定）单数、复数过去式、进行式、完成式翻译技巧Ididnotgotoschool,becauseIwasillyesterday.昨天我生病了，没有去上学。超声检测ultrasonictesting―UT

磁粉检测magneticparticletesting―MT

计算机层析成像检测computedtomographictesting―CT目视检测visualtesting―VT

射线照相检测radiographictesting―RT

渗透检测penetranttesting―PT

声发射检测acousticemissiontesting―AT、AE

涡流检测eddycurrenttesting―ET

泄漏检测leaktesting―LTfatigue夹杂fold搭接

hotcrack分层inclusion疲劳lap折叠lamination

热裂纹相关显示relevantindication非相关显示non-relevantindication伪显示falseindication163SpecializedEnglishOfNDT

tem1NDTandQualityControlItem2MagneticParticleTestingItem3

LiquidPenetrantTestingItem4VisualTestingItem5

RadiographicTestingItem6

UltrasonicTestingItem7

EddyCurrentTesting

Casesofmajorsafetyincidents

WordsandPhrasesItem1NDTandQualityControl

Learning

Objectives

1.Knowledge

objectives:

A.To

grasp

the

words,

related

terms

and

abbreviations

about

NDT

.

B.To

grasp

the

ClassificationandCriteria

about

DNT.

C.To

know

the

mainApplications

of

NDT.

2.Competence

objectives:

A.To

be

able

to

read

and

understand

frequentlyused

&

complex

sentence

patterns,

capitalized

English

materials

and

obtain

key

information

quickly.

B.To

be

able

to

communicate

with

English

speakers

about

the

topic

freely.

C.To

be

able

to

fill

in

the

job

cards

in

English.

3.Quality

objectives:

A.To

be

able

to

selftudy

with

the

help

of

aviation

dictionaries,

the

Internet

and

other

resources.B.Totrainnon-destructivetestingpersonnel'sprofessionalgoalliteracy.【1.1】Definition,Classification&CriteriaforNDT

〖

Point1〗DefinitionNDT(Non-destructiveTesting)istheEnglishabbreviationfornondestructivetesting.NDTreferstotheimplementationofamaterialorworkpiecewithoutharmingoraffectingitsfutureperformanceoruse.ByusingNDT,wecanfindthedefectsintheinteriorandsurfaceofthematerialorworkpiece,measurethegeometriccharacteristicsanddimensionsoftheworkpiece,andmeasuretheinternalcomposition,structure,physicalpropertiesandstateofthematerialorworkpiece.SomeNDT/NDETechnologies:ManypeoplearealreadyfamiliarwithsomeofthetechnologiesthatareusedinNDTandNDEfromtheirusesinthemedicalindustry.MostpeoplehavealsohadanX-raytakenandmanymothershavehadultrasoundusedbydoctorstogivetheirbabyacheckupwhilestillinthewomb.X-rays

andultrasoundareonlyafewofthetechnologiesusedinthefieldofNDT/NDE.ThenumberofTestingmethodsseemstogrowdaily,butaquicksummaryofthemostcommonlyusedmethodsisprovidedbelow.〖Point2〗CommonNDTMethods&theirAbbreviations

NDTcontainsmanymethodsthathavebeeneffectivelyapplied.themostcommonlyusedNDTmethodsareradiographicdetection,ultrasonicdetection,eddycurrentdetection,magneticparticledetection,penetrationdetection,visualdetection,leakagedetection,acousticemissiondetection,radiographicfluoroscopydetection,etc.SincevariousNDTmethodshavetheirownscopeandlimitations,newNDTmethodshavebeencontinuouslydevelopedandapplied.Typically,anyphysical,chemical,orotherpossibletechnicalmeansthatmeetthebasicdefinitionofNDTmaybedevelopedasaNDTmethod.〖Point3〗Domestic&InternationalStandards

ThemajorNDTstandardsystemsintheworldaretheUnitedStatesASME,EuropeandISOstandards.standardsAcceptancelevelJB4730-94(部标)I级II级III级GB/T2970-91(国标)B4级B3级B2级BS5996:1993（英国）I级II级III级SEL072-79（德国）II级III级IV级JISG0801-1993（日本）合格NFA04-305（1983）（法国）B级A级ASTM435/A435M-90（美国）合格ASTMA578/A578M-96（美国）CBAEN10160-1999（欧洲）S2E2S1E2S0E2【1.2】Non-destructivetestingpersonnelcertification&assessment

〖Point1〗Non-destructivetestingqualificationNon-destructivetestingpersonnelqualificationratingisdividedintothreelevels:

ClassIholdersshall,underthesupervisionorguidanceoflevelIIorIIIpersonnel,carryoutNDTaccordingtotheestablishedNDToperatinginstructions,and,underthecapabilitiesspecifiedintheircertificates,withtheauthorizationoftheemployer,ClassIpersonnelmayperformthefollowingtasksinaccordancewiththeNDToperatinginstructions:1)adjustNDTequipment,2)performtests,3)recordandclassifytestresults,4)reportthetestresults,butcannotevaluatethetestresults.ClassIIholdersshallhavetheabilitytoperformNDTinaccordancewithestablishedprocessprocedures:1)optionaldetectionmethod,2)prepareNDToperatinginstructions,3)adjustmentandcalibrationequipment,4)interpretandevaluatetestresultsinaccordancewithapplicablespecifications,standards,technicalconditionsorprocessprocedures5)prepareNDTtestreports6)implementandsuperviseandguidelevelIIorItesting.ClassIIIholdersshallbeofthehighestlevelofqualificationandshallhavetheabilitytoperformanddirectNDToperations,withinthespecifiedintheircertificates:1)developandvalidateNDToperatinginstructionsandprocessprocedurestoreviewtheireditorialandtechnicalintegrity,2)interpretationofspecifications,standards,technicalconditionsandprocedures,3)implementandsupervisetheTestingofpersonnelatalllevels,4)determinethespecifictestingmethods,processproceduresandNDToperatinginstructionsused.〖Point2〗InternationalNDTTrainingTheEvolutionofNDTTraining

Thenon-destructivetesting(NDT)arekeysforreassuringandcontrollingthestandardofpartsandstructuresthroughoutproducingandin-serviceinspections.DestructiveandNondestructivetestsareaunitvitalapartofqualityassuranceplanstosatisfyclientneeds.Destructivetests(DT)hasnarrowapplicationsbecausetheproductbeingtestedisbrokenordestroyedandthencemakestestedmaterialrarelyhelpful.FutureofNDTTrainingOnlineNDTcoursesbecameavailableintheearly2010sandhavebecomeextremelypopularformanyreasons.Atfirst,manypotentialuserswerereluctantsinceitwasnotgenerallyembraced,butoncethebenefitsandcostsavingswererealized,itbecamewidelyaccepted.Oneoftheconcernshadtodowiththepractical(hands-on)labexerciseswhichisavitalpartofNDTtraining.Alongcame“blended”trainingthatcouldbeaccomplishedatthestudent’scompanyundertheguidanceoftheLevelIII.Also,aninstructorcouldbeassignedtooverseethepracticaltraining.Therearealsoeffortsbeingconsideredtoprovideremoteonlinepracticaltraining.Therewillbemoreonthissubjectasitbecomesavailable.

〖Point3〗NDTCODEOFETHICS1PURPOSETodefinethecodeofethicsforNDTpersonnel.2APPLICABILITYToallpersonnelinvolvedinNDT.3REQUIREMENTSPersonnelshall:3.1Havearesponsibilitytosafeguardthelife,health,property,andwelfareofthepublicandtomaintaintheintegrityandhighstandardsofskillandpracticeintheprofessionofNDT.3.2Beawareofandupholdtheprovisionsofallcodes,standards,andregulationsunderwhichtheyareworking.3.3UndertaketoperformNDTdutiesonlywhencertifiedinthespecificmethodsandtechniquesinvolved.3.4BeobjectiveinanyNDTTesting,report,orstatement,avoidinganyomissionthatwouldorcouldleadtomisrepresentation.Makedecisionsbaseduponfactualevidence.3.5Bringconcernstotheattentionofmanagement/supervision.【1.3】ApplicationsofNon-destructivetesting

〖Point1〗HistoryofNDTNondestructivetesting(NDT),alsocallednondestructiveexamination(NDE)andnondestructiveTesting(NDI),istestingthatdoesnotdestroythetestobject.NDEisvitalforconstructingandmaintainingalltypesofcomponentsandstructures.Todetectdifferentdefectssuchascrackingandcorrosion,therearedifferentmethodsoftestingavailable,suchasX-ray(wherecracksshowuponthefilm)andultrasound(wherecracksshowupasanechobliponthescreen).

ThisarticleisaimedmainlyatindustrialNDT,butmanyofthemethodsdescribedherecanbeusedtotestthehumanbody.Infact,methodsfromthemedicalfieldhaveoftenbeenadaptedforindustrialuse,aswasthecasewithPhasedarrayultrasonicsandComputedradiography.Forexample:aircraftskinsneedregularcheckingtodetectcracks;undergroundpipelinesaresubjecttocorrosionandstresscorrosioncracking;pipesinindustrialplantsmaybesubjecttoerosionandcorrosionfromtheproductstheycarry;concretestructuresmaybeweakenediftheinnerreinforcingsteeliscorroded;pressurevesselsmaydevelopcracksinwelds;thewireropesinsuspensionbridgesaresubjecttoweather,vibration,andhighloads,sotestingforbrokenwiresandotherdamageisimportant.Overthepastcenturies,swordsmiths,blacksmiths,andbell-makerswouldlistentotheringoftheobjectstheywerecreatingtogetanindicationofthesoundnessofthematerial.Thewheel-tapperwouldtestthewheelsoflocomotivesforthepresenceofcracks,oftencausedbyfatigue—afunctionthatisnowcarriedoutbyinstrumentationandreferredtoastheacousticimpacttechnique.〖Point2〗Applications

〖Point3〗PurposeofNDT

〖Point4〗Technologicaldevelopment

Thetheoryandregulationsofreliabilityevaluationofin-servicestructurehavebeenunanimouslyrecognizedinternationally.Non-destructivetestingtechnologyplaysanimportantroleinthereliabilityevaluationofequipmentandstructure.Chinahas170000non-destructivetestingpersonnelandmorethan2000non-destructivetestinginstitutions(excludinginternal,whichplayanimportantroleinnationaleconomicconstructionandpersonalandequipmentsafetymonitoring.SpecializedEnglishOfNDTItem2MagneticParticleTesting

Learning

Objectives

1.Knowledge

objectives:

A.To

grasp

the

words,

related

terms

and

abbreviations

aboutMT.

B.To

grasp

the

classification

about

MT

system.

C.To

know

the

InstrumentsandEquipmentof

MT

system.D.To

know

thetestingprocedureof

MT

system.2.Competence

objectives:

A.To

be

able

to

read

and

understand

frequentlyused

&

complex

sentence

patterns,

capitalized

English

materials

and

obtain

key

information

quickly.

B.To

be

able

to

communicate

with

English

speakers

about

the

topic

freely.

C.To

be

able

to

fill

in

the

job

cards

in

English.

3.Quality

objectives:

A.To

be

able

to

selfstudy

with

the

help

of

aviation

dictionaries,

the

Internet

and

other

resources.B.Todoagoodjobofdetectionofsafetyprotection.【2.1】TheoryofMagneticParticalTestingMagneticFieldThesimpleobservationsofattractingandrepellingindicatethatsomeforcefieldsurroundsthemagnetizedrod.Althoughinvisible,thisforcefieldisclearlythree-dimensionalbecausetheattractionorrepulsioncanbeexperiencedallaroundtherod.Atwo-dimensionalslicethroughthisfieldcanbemadevisiblebyplacingasheetofplainwhitepaperoverabarmagnetandsprinklingferromagneticparticlesontoit.Theparticleswillcollectaroundthelinesofforceinthemagneticfield,producinganimagesuchastheoneshowninFigure.PolarityByconvention,thisendoftherodiscalledthe“northseekingpole,”usuallyabbreviatedas“northpole,”andtheotherendiscalledthe“southpole.”MagneticForcesFluxDensityTheflowingforceofmagnetismiscalled“magneticflux.”Themagnetographimagedoesnotshowthedirectionoffluxflow,butitcanbeseenfromthemagnetographthattheareaofmaximumfluxconcentration(fluxdensity)isatthepoles.Fluxdensityisdefinedas“thenumberoflinesofforceperunitarea.”Theunitareareferredtoisaslicetakenperpendiculartothelinesofforce.FluxdensityismeasuredinGaussorTesla,theTeslabeingthecurrentunit,andfluxdensityisgiventhesymbol“β”(beta).〖Point1〗Leakagemagneticfield

Thefactorsaffectingthemagneticfieldleakageareasfollows:(1)theintensityoftheappliedmagneticfieldmustbegreaterthanthatcorrespondingtothemaximumpermeability.Thepermeabilitydecreases,themagnetoresistanceincreasesandtheleakagefieldincreases.(2)Theshallowerthedefectisburied,themoreperpendicularthedefectistothesurface,thegreaterthedepthratioofthedefectis,thegreaterthemagneticfluxleakagefieldis.(3)Thesamedefectisaffectedbythesurfacecoveringoftheworkpiece.Thethinnerthesurfacecoveringoftheworkpiece,thegreaterthemagneticfluxleakagefield.(4)Theinfluenceofthematerialandstateoftheworkpieceonthegrainsizeoftheworkpieceitself,theamountofcarboncontent,heattreatmentandcoldprocessingwillaffectthemagneticfluxleakagefield.〖Point2〗Ferro-magneticmaterialTemperature/timeprofilesandCurie-pointtemperaturesFerromagneticmaterialshavethefollowingthreebasicproperties.first,thepermeabilityisnotconstantanddecreaseswithincreasingmagneticinductionintensity.thesecondcharacteristic,themagneticinductionintensityhasasaturationvalue.Third,thereisremanenceandhysteresislossinrepeatedmagnetization.〖Point3〗Magnetizing

Magnetizationistheprocessofmagnetizingsubstancesthatarenotmagnetic.Magneticmaterialsaredividedintomanytinyregions,eachofwhichiscalledadomain,andeachdomainhasitsownmagneticmoment(thatis,atinymagneticfield).Ingeneral,themagneticmomentdirectionofeachdomainisdifferent,andthemagneticfieldcancelseachother,sothewholematerialisnotmagnetic.Whenthedirectionofeachdomaintendstobethesame,thewholematerialshowsmagnetism.Theso-calledmagnetizationistomakethemagneticmomentdirectionofmagneticdomainsinmagneticmaterialsconsistent.Whenanexternalnonmagneticmaterialisputintoanotherstrongmagneticfield,itismagnetized,butnotallmaterialscanbemagnetized,onlyafewmetalsandmetalcompoundscanbemagnetized.Standardmagnetizationspecification:canclearlydisplayalldefectsontheworkpiece.Forexample:crackswithadepthofmorethan0.05mm,smallerhairlinesandnon-metallicinclusions.GenerallyusedforTestingofhigher-requiredworkpieces.Standardmagnetizationspecification:canclearlydisplayalldefectsontheworkpiece.Forexample:crackswithadepthofmorethan0.05mm,smallerhairlinesandnon-metallicinclusions.GenerallyusedforTestingofhigher-requiredworkpieces.〖Point4〗RelationshipbetweenmagneticfielddirectionanddefectdetectionofmagneticpowderTheabilityofmagneticpowderdetectiondependsonthesizeoftheappliedmagneticfieldandtheextensiondirectionofthedefect,andisalsorelatedtotheposition,sizeandshapeofthedefect.Whenthemagneticfielddirectionisperpendiculartothedefectextensiondirection,themagneticleakagefieldatthedefectislargeandthedetectionsensitivityishigh:whentheanglebetweenthemagneticfielddirectionandthedefectextensiondirectionis45,thedefectcanbedisplayed,butthesensitivityisreduced.Becausethedefectsintheworkpiecehavevariousorientationsandaredifficulttopredict,itshouldbebasedonthegeometryoftheworkpiece.

differentmethodsareusedforcircumferential,longitudinalormultidirectionalmagnetizationoftheworkpiecedirectly,indirectlyorthroughinductivecurrentinordertomakethemagneticfielddirectionperpendiculartothepossibledefectsoftheworkpieceasfaraspossible.Multiplemagnetizationmethodscanbeusedincombinationwithworkpiecesize,structureandshapetodetectdefectsinalldirections.〖Point5〗MagneticSaturationmagnetichysteresisloop

〖Point6〗HistoryofMagneticParticleInspection

Theearliestknownuseofmagnetismtoinspectanobjecttookplaceasearlyas1868.Cannonbarrelswerecheckedfordefectsbymagnetizingthebarrelthenslidingamagneticcompassalongthebarrel'slength.Theseearlyinspectorswereabletolocateflawsinthebarrelsbymonitoringtheneedleofthecompass.ThiswasaformofnondestructivetestingbutthetermwasnotcommonlyuseduntilsometimeafterWorldWarI.【2.2】ClassificationofMagneticParticleTesting〖Point1〗ClassificationofmethodClassificationofmethods:Accordingtothemagnetizationdirectionoftheworkpiece,itcanbedividedintocircumferentialmagnetizationmethod,longitudinalmagnetizationmethod,compositemagnetizationmethodandrotarymagnetizationmethod.ItcanbedividedintoDCmagnetization,halfwaveDCmagnetizationandACmagnetizationaccordingtothedifferentmagnetizationcurrent.Itcanbedividedintodrypowdermethodandwetpowdermethodaccordingtothepreparationofmagneticpowderusedinflawdetection.Itcanbedividedintocontinuousmethodandremanentmethodaccordingtothetimeofapplyingmagneticpowderontheworkpiece.〖Point2〗DrypowdermethodandwetpowdermethodMagneticpowdersuspendedinoil,waterorotherliquidmediaisusedcalledwetmethod.Itisusedtodistributethemagneticsuspensionevenlyonthesurfaceoftheworkpieceduringthedetectionprocess.Theshapeandsizeofthedefectaredisplayedbyusingtheflowofthecarrierliquidandtheattractionofthemagneticleakagefieldtothemagneticpowder.Inwetdetection,themagneticpowderparticlescanbeusedbecauseofthedispersionandsuspensionperformanceofmagneticsuspension.Therefore,ithashighdetectionsensitivity.especiallysuitablefordetectingsmalldefectsonthesurface,suchasfatiguecracks,grindingcracks,etc.Wetmethodsareoftenusedinconjunctionwithstationaryequipmentandwithmobileandportableequipment.Magneticsuspensionsforwetprocessescanberecycled.Drymethodiscalleddrypowdermethod.Insomespecialcases,whenwetmethodcannotbeusedtodetect,thespecialdrymagneticpowderisapplieddirectlytothemagnetizedworkpieceaccordingtotheprocedure,andthedefectoftheworkpieceshowsmagneticmark.

DryTestingismostlyusedforlocalareaTestingoflargecasting,forgingblankandlargestructuralpartsandweldingparts,usuallyinconjunctionwithportableequipment.〖Point3〗Continuousandremanencemethods

Continuousmethod,alsocalledaccessorymagneticfieldmethodorpresentmagneticmethod,istoapplymagneticpowderormagneticsuspensiontotheworkpieceformagneticparticleTestingundertheactionofexternalmagneticfield.Theobservationandevaluationoftheworkpiececanbecarriedoutundertheactionofexternalmagneticfieldorafterinterruptingthemagneticfield.Theremanencemethodistomagnetizetheworkpiecefirst,thenpourthesuspensionontheworkpiece,andobservethemagneticpowderaftergathering.Thisistheuseofmaterialresidualmagneticdetectionmethod,socalledremnantmagneticmethod.〖Point4〗DCmagnetization,ACmagnetizationRectifiedAlternatingCurrentClearly,theskineffectlimitstheuseofACsincemanyinspectionapplicationscallforthedetectionofsubsurfacedefects.However,theconvenientaccesstoAC,drivesitsusebeyondsurfaceflawinspections.Luckily,ACcanbeconvertedtocurrentthatisverymuchlikeDCthroughtheprocessofrectification.

Withtheuseofrectifiers,thereversingACcanbeconvertedtoaonedirectionalcurrent.Thethreecommonlyusedtypesofrectifiedcurrentaredescribedbelow.〖Point5〗METHODSOFMAGNETIZATIONFORFERROMAGNETICPRODUCTS

【2.3】InstrumentsandequipmentofMagneticparticletesting〖Point1〗ClassificationofMagneticparticletestingInstrumentsTheclassificationofmagneticpowderdetectionequipmentcanbedividedintofixed,mobileandportableaccordingtotheweightandmobilityoftheequipment.Accordingtothecombinationofequipmentcanbedividedintotwotypes:integratedtypeanddiscretetype.Theintegratedmagneticpowderflawdetectorisaseparatedevice,whichcombinesthemagnetizedpowersupply,solenoidcoil,workpiececlampingdevice,magneticsuspensionsprayingdevice,lightingdeviceanddemagnetizationdeviceaccordingtoitsfunction,andiscombinedintoasystemflawdetectorduringflawdetection.Fixedflawdetectorbelongstoonetype,easytouseandoperate.Mobileandportableflawdetectorsarediscreteandeasytomoveandcombineinthefield.fixedmagneticparticledetectormobilemagneticparticledetectorportableflawdetector〖Point2〗StructureandCompositionofMagneticPowderTestingEquipment

〖Point3〗QUANTITATIVEQUALITYINDICATORTESTPIECESHIMSQQI

QQIsareusefulforsettingupthemagnetizationparametersforpart-specifictechniques,andcanbeusedtocreateanexamplepartforthedailysystemperformancecheckofthemagnetizingequipment.Theyareveryimportantforthesetupandbalanceofmulti-directionalfields,sincetheyhavecircularflawsthatshowindicationsinalldirectionssimultaneously.〖Point4〗MAGPARTICLETESTPIECE〖Point5〗MagneticFieldindicator.

TheMagnafluxMagneticFieldIndicators,alsoknownasgaussmetersormagnetometers,areusedtocheckresidualmagnetismaftermagneticparticletesting.Theyreadtheamountofresidualmagnetismleftinapartquicklywhentheindicatorarrowisplacedagainstamagnetizedpart.Thefieldindicatorsareavailableinbothgeneralpurposeandnon-calibratedandcalibratedmodelsandcanbere-calibratedthroughMagnafluxAuthorizedServiceCenters.Note:Calibratedfieldindicatorsshouldbere-calibratedevery6months.PIEFIELDINDICATOR

TheMagnafluxMagneticPieFieldIndicator,alsoknownasapiegauge,isadeviceusedasanaidindeterminingthedirectionofmagneticfieldfordetectionofdiscontinuitiesinferrousmaterials.Itisanoctagonshapedpiecemadewithalowretentivesteelsurfacehavingeightbondedslices,similartopiecesofpie.Theoctagonshapedpieceismountedonahandlesotheinspectorcanplaceitonthepartintheareabeingmagnetized.〖Point6〗CENTRIFUGETUBESANDSTANDTOMEASURESETTLINGVOLUME

CentrifugeTubesareusedtomonitortheconcentrationofmagneticparticlesandthelevelofcontaminationinfluorescentandvisiblebaths.〖Point7〗BlackLight

TheprecautionsfortheuseoftheBlackLightare:1.theblacklighthasjustbeenlit,theoutputcannotreachthemaximumvalue,sotheTestingworkshouldwait5minlater.2.tominimizethenumberoflightsonandoff,frequentstartwillshortenthelifeoftheblacklight.3.theblacklightisused,theradiationenergydecreases,sotheblacklightirradianceshouldbemeasuredregularly.

4.voltagefluctuationofpowersupplyhasgreatinfluenceonblacklight.Thevoltageislow,thelampmaynotstart,orthelitlampwillgoout;whenthevoltageusedexceedstheratedvoltageofthelamp,itwillhaveagreatimpactontheservicelifeofthelamp,sothepowersupplyshouldbeinstalledwhennecessarytokeepthesupplyvoltagestable.【2.4】MagneticparticletestingProcedure〖Point1〗MagneticparticleFormagneticpowder,itsfunctionistodisplaymedium.First,blackmagneticpowder,itscompositionisirontrioxide(Fe3O4),blackpowder,suitableforlightorbrightbackgroundoftheworkpiece.followedbyredmagneticpowder,whosecompositionisirontrioxide(Fe2O3),whichisiron-redpowder-likeandsuitablefordarkbackgroundworkpieces.

〖Point2〗MagneticInk

Thecommonlyusedmagneticsuspensionsarewatermagneticsuspensionsandoilmagneticsuspensions.Theviscosityvaluesofthetwomagneticsuspensionsaredifferentandtheirfluidityisnotconsistent,whichleadstothedifferenceofdetectionsensitivity.Ⅰ、Preparationofnon-fluorescentoilmagneticsuspensions(includingblack,red,white,blue):a、non-fluorescentoilmagneticsuspensiondispersant,keroseneortastelesskerosenemixedwithtransformeroilor10#oil.MaterialnameMaterialnameproportion（%）1odorlesskerosene1002kerosene+electricinsulatingoil50+503electricinsulatingoil1004kerosene+10#engineoil50+50FormulanumberWeightorproportion

WeightorproportionMagneticpowdercontent1YF-3dispersant,sodiumnitrite,water

inproperorder：2%，1%，1000mL15-25g2Soap,sodiumnitrite,Water50~60℃inproperorder：5g，5-15g，1000ml15-25g3Magneticpaste,waterinproperorder：60-80g，1000ml

_4100#concentratedmilk,triethanolamine,sodiumnitrite,defoamer,waterinproperorder：10g，5g，5g，1~2g，1000ml15-25gThemostaccuratewayforuserstodetecttheconcentrationofmagneticsuspensionsistousemagneticpowderprecipitates.Forveryexperiencedoperatorsoruserswhodonotbuymagneticpowderprecipitators,theycanalsobejudgedbyvisualmethodsbasedonexperience.1.thecolorofmagneticsuspensionchangesgreatly,therearealotofdirt,shouldberemodulatedmagneticsuspension.2.theuserinflawdetection,thesurfaceoftheworkpiecemagneticpowderdistributionislight,orthereisnomagneticmarkaccumulation.Considerationshouldbegiventoaddingmagneticpowderorremodulatingmagneticsuspensions.〖Point3〗OperationflowandevaluationofmagneticparticleTesting

1.pretreatment:allmaterialsandspecimensshouldbefreeofgreaseandotherimpuritiesthatmayaffectthenormaldistributionofmagneticpowder,thedensity,characteristicsandclarityofmagneticpowderdeposits.2.magnetization:magneticparticleTestingshallbebasedonensuringsatisfactorydetectionofanyharmf