2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解题解题技巧解析（讲义共6份）

2025届高考英语专项复习阅读理解题解题技巧解析（讲义，共6份）主旨大意题

一、总体解题思路

宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络

微观上抓住主题词（关键词—反复出现词：名词动词形容词或短语等）

八大关键信息出处分布情况

①首尾句首尾段及各段首尾句或第二句

②因果转折but,yet,however,though,instead,still,infact,asamatteroffact...because,as,for,since,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,resultin,thanksto,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,leadto,contributeto...,now

③正反对比unlike,bycontrast,incomparison,becomparedwith,however,unfortunately,now

④人观事论Dr.xxsay,..thereportsuggeststhat...thestudyshowsthat....

⑤事例前后forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,具体数据...

⑥特殊标点:解释或总结——解释或补充说明设问看答案;反问看本身

⑦修饰修辞重复、倒装句、强调句...

⑧特殊句式

二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）

第1篇

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,l'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary,Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.[2020全国II卷D篇]

首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子

每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,l'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary,Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.[2020全国II卷D篇]

既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

Asanovelist,l'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary,Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.[2020全国II卷D篇]

从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率

即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个

●反复高频出现

●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅

●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明

I和library就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系

优先排除A和B都属于无中生有

显然Young属于偷换概念只有D和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系

第2篇

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.WhydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschool

fund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)

Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:HowdowemakeitahabitforthemAndhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduselessYesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.[2018全国III卷D]

首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子

（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.WhydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschool

fund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)

Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:HowdowemakeitahabitforthemAndhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduselessYesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.[2018全国III卷D]

提取首尾段

首先排除A和D显然文中没有提及属于无中生有

文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑

答案C就是直接来自首段尾句

其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题

三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关

快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论

第3篇

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,aroundbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplylookattheirsmartphonesor,worse,fightingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblemIt'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'schallenging,orwethinkit'sunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigadvantages.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem."

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,professorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtolookforaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirwaiterreportedhigherpositive(积极的)feelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband."saysDunn.Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso."

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelagreatersenseofbelonging(归属感),arelationshipwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners."hesays[2018II卷D篇]

通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,aroundbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplylookattheirsmartphonesor,worse,fightingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblemIt'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'schallenging,orwethinkit'sunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigadvantages.

Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem."

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,professorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtolookforaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirwaiterreportedhigherpositive(积极的)feelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband."saysDunn.Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso."

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelagreatersenseofbelonging(归属感),arelationshipwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners."hesays[2018II卷D篇]

首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Smalltalk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明

首先就可以排除A和C那么B和D那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages

第4篇

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OhThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation--nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadea

livingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.'In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.[2020全国III卷D篇]

快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation--nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadea

livingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.'In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.[2020全国III卷D篇]

显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释

这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非bestC选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有

正面分析A选项关键词就是remodeled进行拆分re-再次-ed过去分词表完成状态model模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution

出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语

第5篇

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblemlt'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案)."Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,"saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

"Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal'Basically,it's'I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and..it'snotaverynicethingattime.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills."ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach."Andthat

annoyingbacteriaGordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.（2019全国IlI卷D篇）

快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblemlt'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.

Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案)."Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,"saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

"Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal'Basically,it's'I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and..it'snotaverynicethingattime.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills."ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach."AndthatannoyingbacteriaGordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.（2019全国IlI卷D篇）

首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASAHUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明

其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与highschoolclassrooms之间关系HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.那么首先可以排除A和C因为A只讲了NASA而后面的thehome纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoorclassroom

那么D中虽然有HUNCH但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.说的是有影响并不是说HUNCHprogram就是准入改革风马牛不相及

只有B选项提到了Space与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与highschoolclassrooms紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与highschoolclassrooms联系是呼应的贴合的

总结

解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案

另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题细节题解题

一、解决三个问题

第一个：顺序问题

先题后文还是先文后题

利弊分析

先文后题先题后文

利于把握主旨&态度不利于把握主旨

阅读速度较慢解题效率高

不利于对内容作预测适合事实细节题

孰优孰劣根据个人情况和试题特点而定

如果词汇基础好阅读速度不错可以先文后题

如果词汇基础弱阅读障碍大可以先题后文

一般来说试题先后顺序和文章段落先后顺序一致即题文同序不过有的主旨题比较特殊需要对全文进行归纳得出养成标示文章自然段习惯12345方便题文对照

建议：不但细节题其他题也最好是先阅读题干再带着问题去阅读文章这样阅读就有针对性

第二个：文章信息分布不均衡问题

文章信息分布并不均等而关键信息才是解题的关键有以下几种信息需要优先关注

即先读重点

八大关键信息出处分布情况

①首尾句首尾段及各段首尾句或第二句

②因果转折but,yet,however,though,instead,still,infact,asamatteroffact...because,as,for,since,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,resultin,thanksto,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,leadto,contributeto...,now

③正反对比unlike,bycontrast,incomparison,becomparedwith,however,unfortunately,now

④人观事论Dr.xxsay,..thereportsuggeststhat...thestudyshowsthat....

⑤事例前后forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,具体数据...

⑥特殊标点:解释或总结——解释或补充说明设问看答案;反问看本身

⑦修饰修辞重复、倒装句、强调句...

⑧特殊句式

特别提示以上重要信息出处对所有题型都有效不仅仅是细节题

要保持对以上关键信息标志词或短语的敏感度

关键信息处指的是80%往后看20%往前看最好是前后都要关注但重点关注后面

第三个：两大技能

技能一：信息定位：从问题题干中筛选重要信息标记出关键词作为定位词便于后续回原文定位

关键词定位定位词

专有名词用题干中首字母大写的人名地名组织机构名年份等

主题名词用题干中能体现该句主题或中心的名词

主题动词用题干中能体现该句主题或中心的动词

生词难词用题干中出现的生词、难词、长词

缩略词用题干中的缩略词（一般会大写）

时间数字用题干中表示时间的词或数字序数词

特殊符号用题干中带引号或连字符号的词

形容词、副词用题干中形容词、副词及最高级

题文同序根据题干与段落出现先后顺序一致性进行模糊定位

关键词的优先等级为：专有名词及数字（大写人名、地名、机构名等）>普通名词、动词>形容词、副词

要保持对以上关键信息标志词或短语的敏感度

做题五大步骤：

第一步读题干找定位信息

第二步回原文定位

第三步长难句分析

第四步排除错误答案

第五步选定正确答案

第1篇

①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).

②ln1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresident.FranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

③About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgrammehasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogrammeseverinitiated.(2021全国I卷C篇]

WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica

A.Lossofwetlands.

B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.

D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

What

无效，无法帮助定位

Cause

低效，概括性太强，极易为隐藏信息

Waterfowl

高效，显眼,极小概率被替换

Population

有效，可能被具体数量替换

Decline

有效，可能被同义替换

NorthAmerica

高效，显眼,极小概率被替换

①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).

1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica

A.Lossofwetlands.

B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.

D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

不但要定位到某一段还要定位到这一段的某一句或某几句要运用题干中的定位词来定位

当然还有一个关键信息词unfortunately表明前后对比，说明重要信息在后边

①WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).

1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica

A.Lossofwetlands.

B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.

D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

如果你的词汇量只有初中水平可以使用排除法一一排除答案A

还可以直面硬刚通过信息处理直接得出答案这就需要用到技能二了

技能二信息处理：实质就是对复杂长难句进行句子成分结构分析目的是找出主干获得关键信息

（关键信息处）

表转折

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

状语

形主谓___间宾

_________

状

形

直宾

定从

decimatealargepartoftheseresources

主语（不定式短语/非谓语动词短语）

不定式

形宾后定（介宾短语）

介形

宾

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