第07讲 阅读理解说明文（讲义）-（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）

第07讲阅读理解说明文（讲义）-（含答案）2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第07讲

阅读理解说明文

目录

01考情透视·目标导航_____________________

1

02知识导图·思维引航_____________________

3

03考点突破·考法探究_____________________

3

考点一题型破解____________

_________3

知识点1文体特点____________

3

知识点2高分技巧____________

4

知识点3选项规律____________

5

知识点4解法要点____________

5

考点二科普类说明文_____________________

6

考点三动植物介绍类说明文____________

7

考点四社会文化类说明文____________

8

04真题练习·命题洞现

1.真题实战____________

_________10

2.命题演练____________

_________14

近三年阅读理解说明文考点细目

年份卷别主题语境话题分类

新高考I卷C篇：人与社会纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异

D篇：人与自然现代生物采样数据的科学性

新高考II卷B篇：人与社会旧金山湾区快速交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭

2024C篇：人与社会巴比伦微农场

D篇：人与社会图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》

全国甲卷B篇：人与自然了解猫的行为

C篇：人与社会提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯列车

D篇：人与社会谈论文学作品的最佳结局

浙江卷1月人与自我儿童棉花糖实验引发思考

新高考I卷C篇：人与社会数字极简主义生活方式

D篇：人与社会“群体智慧"效

新高考II卷人与自然保护城市中的野生自然

2023全国甲卷人与自然美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头

全国乙卷人与社会英国烹饪节目的影响

浙江卷1月人与社会新型的太阳能农场

北京卷C篇：人与社会短期主义

D篇：人与社会ALife是否也在不断地进化的

新高考I卷B篇：人与社会在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式

C篇：人与社会改善老年人的健康状况的项目

D篇：人与社会：饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新

2022的语音

新高考II卷人与社会Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时

候是否使用了手机

全国甲卷人与自然会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉

全国乙卷C篇：人与社会：无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠又经济

D篇：人与社会：对软饮料征收的糖税

1.掌握说明文的文体特征。

复习2.掌握说明文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领和选项规律。

目标3.数量掌握说明文常用的框架结构、说明顺序和说明方法。

4.熟练掌握说明文中中常用的重难词汇如，statistics,illustrate,demonstrate等。

考点一

题型破解

知识点1

文体特点

分析近年高考阅读真题可知，说明文都具备客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体特征。它通过对实体事物(如

仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、

种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。词汇运用灵活，

同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多。

题材分布：选材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如：介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流

程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因

和解决办法、人文地理知识等。

说明顺序：时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。

说明方法：常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引

用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。

结构分析：总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述；

现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。

命题分布：分析近年高考真题可知，科普类文章是高中阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面

的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。命题常见的推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题、词义猜测题，其中以推理判断

题为主。

难度分析：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因

学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大。句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达

自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。

知识点2

高分技巧

一善于分析说明文的框架结构解题

1.总分式。在说明事物或事理时，段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系，表现为由总到分、由分到总。

2.承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程，或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排，前后相互承接。

3.递进式。后边在前边的基础上进一步说明，各层之间的关系是由浅入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普阅读的命题方式外，

还经常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。

名师提醒：根据说明文的框架结构，可灵活采用先文后题、先题后文或文—题—文法，以提高做题的准确性和时效性。

二掌握说明文命题的主要特点

1.文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。纵观整篇文章可以明显看出，

它没有文学英语中常采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修饰手段，一词多义的现象也不多见。

2.句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现

象于一体的长句。

3.文中常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。

4.文中常使用双重否定句。

三逻辑分解长难句

说明文中的长难句常会出现命题点。在分析长难句时应采用“主干提取法”。即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样

就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。再分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关

系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，

and连接的是哪些并列成分等。

四定位重点逻辑标志词

定位标志句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段的词，不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。

表示列举的词:forexample,forinstance;表罗列的词:first，second,third，tobeginwith，toconclude;

表转折的词:however,but,whereas;

表示原因的词:because,since，as;

表示结果的词:so，therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult;

表示对照的词:onthecontrary,bycontrast,incomparison;

表示目的的词:sothat，inorderthat等。

标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主

要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。

知识点3

选项规律

干扰项特征释义

将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推

片面理解

断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。

干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词,却在考生易忽视的

偷梁换柱

地方换了几个单词,造成句意的改变

正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误。

解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作

无中生有者的观点。干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点,但在文章中并

无相关的信息支撑点。

主观臆断根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。

构词法干扰（词义猜词题）指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；

拘泥于字面意思（词义猜词题）根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。

知识点4

解法要点

考点一推理判断题

说明文中的推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未

明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐

含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,去体会作者的“弦外之音"和“言外之意”。进行推断时,要据文推理、

不可脱离原文主观臆断。

名师提醒：选项一般具有以下特征。1.“立足原文,只推一步",即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。2.选项中一般不可以出现绝

对概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等,正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇,如often,

usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。

考点二细节理解题

说明文的细节理解题常在下列处命题，1.列举处：如first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、notonlybutalso、then、inaddition

等表示顺承关系的词处常命题。2.例证处，如as、suchas、forexample、forinstance等词处常命题。3.在转折或对比处，

如however、but、yet、while、infact、unlike、until、notsomuch…as等词处常命题。4.在长难句处，主要考查考生对复

杂句中的语法关系、指代关系和整体句意的理解能力。

考点三词义猜测题

说明文常出现一些反映现代科技的生词，常以科学新发明、新创造、人们对社会热点话题名词的理解态度等为题点命制

试题，解题时一定要认真阅读原文，分析画线词上下句围绕对该科学新发明、新创造、热点话题所给的是如何解释、如

何定义的，在此基础上根据长难句的逻辑意义推理概括出生词词义。

考点四主旨大意题

说明文文章大意题考查考生对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题

题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、

甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。通常说明文的主旨大意会在第一关开篇点题或者第一段抛

砖引玉，第二段点题。或者在文章结尾段点明主旨。

考点二

科普类说明文

典例1.（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）LastyearIaveraged9,370stepsaday.Mysmartphonecounted.MydailyaimTen

thousandsteps.Becausegoals.

Yettheconceptoftaking10,000stepsadaytomaintainhealthisrootednotinsciencebutinmarketing.Inthe1960s,a

Japanesecompanyinventedanearlypedometer(计步器).BecausetheJapanesecharacterfor“10,000”lookslikeaperson

walking,thecompanycalleditsdevicethe10,000-stepmeter.“Itwasjustsortofacatchyphrase,"saysI-MinLee,ascientistat

HarvardMedicalSchool.

In2019,Leepublishedastudyinvestigatingtheactualeffectsofmeetingthe10,000-stepgoal.TheresultSomemovement

isgood,andmoreisbetter,butthebenefitsdeclineatsomepoint.Yourpersonalpeakdependsonyourage.Peopleyoungerthan

60shouldindeedwalk8,000to10,000stepsadaytogetthebestbenefitsintermsoflifespan(寿命).Peopleolderthan60show

themostbenefitbetween6,000and8,000steps.

Thedifferenceisenergyconsumption.“Webasicallyrelateenergyconsumptiontohealthoutcomes,”Leesays.Walking

for60minutesat3.3milesanhourandrunningfor30minutesat6milesanhourusethesameamountofenergy.“Theolderyou

are,thelessefficientyouarewithyoursteps,"Leesays.“Perstep,olderpeopleusemoreenergy.”Thus,theyneedfewerstepsto

achievethesamebenefits.

Newerstudiesaremovingbeyonddeathratestoaskquestionsaboutthewaystepsmayhelptocontrolbloodpressureand

weight.Thegoal,afterall,isnotjusttolivelongerbuttolivehealthier.Fulresultsarenotinyet,soLee’sadviceis:“Tailoryour

stepsaccordingtowhatyouaretryingtoachieveandaccordingtowhoyouare."

1．Theconceptoftaking10,000stepsdailyarisesfrom______.

A．thefindingsofscientificsurveysB．theformationofaJapanesecharacter

C．amarketingtrickD．ahealthyhabit

2．WhatdoesLee’sresearchfind

A．Walkingsteptargetsvarywithage.

B．Walkingmoremakesonelookyounger.

C．Oldpeoplebenefitmorefromwalkinglonger.

D．Reaching10,000stepsdailyappealstomany.

3．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout

A．Thedifferenceinenergyconsumptionamongagegroups.

B．Thecontrastbetweenthebenefitsofwalkingandrunning.

C．Thereasonforsettingdifferentstepgoalsbasedonage.

D．Thelinkbetweenenergyconsumptionandhealthoutcomes.

4．Whatwillnewerstudiesfocuson

A．Howstepschangeone’slifestyle.B．Howstepsaffectone’slifespan.

C．Howstepsreducedeathrates.D．Howstepsboosthealthyliving.

考点三

动植物介绍类说明文

典例1.（23-24高三·江西赣州·期末）“Help!”“Landhere!"“Conserveresources!”“Getoff!"“Myfruitsarereadyto

eat!”Thesearejustsomeofthemanymessagesweknowplantscansend.

Toreacttotheenvironment,asingleplantmustcommunicateamongitsroots,stems,leaves,flowers,andfruits.Insteadof

signalsmovingthroughanervoussystemlikeours,SimonGilroy,aprofessorofbotanyatUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,says

inplants,it’smorelikeplumbing(管路系统).Electricalsignalstravelthroughthemovementofchemicalsinthosetubes,explains

CourtneyJahn,abiologistwhostudiesplantinteractions.Forexample,rootscandetectdroughtandtellleavestolimit

transpiration(蒸腾作用)andconservewater.

Researcherscanobservethiselectricalcommunicationbyplacingdevicesintwodifferentplacesonaplant.We’veeven

madeinstrumentsthatcantranslatethatelectricchargeintosoundswecanhear.Ifaplantiswounded,electricalsignalscomeout

ofthatwound,Gilroysays.Andplantscanpasstheseelectricalsignalsbetweenindividualsiftheyaretouching.Researchers

foundthatwithspecialmicrophonesthatdetectbatcalls,youcanhearplants,too.Theyarelisteningtothesesoundstofindnew

methodstodiagnose,treat,andmonitorplantswithouttouchingthem.

Ashumans,wemaynotbeabletonaturallyhearthem,butwecanoftensmellplantmessages.Whengrassiscut,itreleases

chemicals—asignalofaskingforhelp.Thissmellysignalbelongstoagroupofchemicalscalledvolatiles,whichcantravelfaras

gasesbothaboveandbelowground.Eachplantspecieshastheirownspecialvolatilecompounds.NataliaDudareva,biochemistat

PurdueUniversity,saysthesevolatilecompoundshavemanydifferentfunctions.Volatilescandrawinpollinators(传粉昆虫)

whenaflowerisready,andevendirectthemtoflowers,whilesomearesentfromleavestodeteranimalsthatfeedononlyplants.

So,nexttimeyouwalkonsomegrassorpickaflower,rememberthatthepoorinjuredplantmightbescreamingouttoits

neighbours.

1．WhyistheexamplegiveninParagraph2

A．Toclarifyhowchemicalstravelinaplant.B．Todescribehowrootsofaplantworkwell.

C．Toconfirmaplanthasanervoussystem.D．Toshowaplantcancommunicateinternally.

2．Howdoplantspasselectricalsignalstoothers

A．Byusingtheirwounds.B．Bytouchingeachother.

C．Bydetectingelectriccharge.D．Bychangingthemintosounds.

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter"inParagraph4mean

A．Preserve.B．Attract.C．Driveaway.D．Turnto.

4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A．TheSecretLanguageofPlantsB．TheIncrediblePowerofNature

C．TheValueofInteractingwithWildlifeD．TheTrickofGettingAlongwithNature

考点四

社会文化类说明文

典例1（.2024·江西新余·二模）Whenitcomestopopularsymbolsofmarriage,onecannotlookpasttheweddingring.The

weddingringservesasaperfectsymbolofeverlastinglove—aringisacircleandthushasnobeginningorend,representingthe

never-endingunionofmarriage.Weddingringshavelongandrichhistories.

EvidencesuggeststhatweddingringswereusedinancientEgyptaround6,000yearsago.However,unlikethemetalsand

gemstonesusedtoday,theywerecraftedfrommaterialssuchasreeds,leatherorbone.Inthecenturiesthatfollowed,thewedding

ringtraditionwaspickedupintheWest,whereitspreadfirstinancientRomeandGreece,subsequentlythroughoutEurope

duringtheMiddleAgesandeventuallytoEasternculture.Throughouthistory,thecircularshapeoftheringhasendured,andso

hasthetraditionofwearingitonthefourthfingerofthelefthand.Thelatterpracticestemmedfromanancientbeliefthatavein

randirectlyfromthisfingertotheheart.Althoughthisbeliefhassincebeenprovedfalse,thecustomhaspersisted.

Regardingcustomssurroundingweddingrings,therewasatimewhenonlythebrideworeaweddingring.Itwasn’tuntil

theearly20thcenturythatthepracticeofgroomswearingringsgainedpopularity.Thischangewasinfluencedbysoldiersgoing

offtowar,whoworeringsasremindersoftheirlovedoneswaitingforthemathome.Today,theexchangeofweddingrings

remainsanintegralpartoftheweddingceremony,symbolizingthecommitmentandlovesharedbetweentwoindividuals

embarkingonalifetogether.

Weddingringsholdasymbolicsignificancethatbindsthetwomembersofamarriedcouple.Inanever-changingworld,

theweddingringstandsasanancienttraditionthatislikelytocontinueforgenerationstocome,reflectingthetimelessandeternal

lovecelebratedthroughmarriage.

1．Whatisthemainreasonweddingringsareconsideredsymbolsofmarriage

A．Theyaremadeofpreciousmaterials.B．Theyhaveprofoundhistories.

C．Theyarewornonlefthands.D．Theyhavecircularshapes.

2．Accordingtothepassage,whatisanexampleofacommonmythinsteadofafact

A．Womenwerewearingweddingringslongbeforemenwere.

B．Onefingeronthelefthandcontainsaveinleadingtotheheart.

C．BothancientRomansandEgyptiansworetheringonthesamefinger.

D．TheweddingringtraditionbeganinEgyptthousandsofyearsago.

3．WhichofthefollowingaspectsofaweddingringisNOTdiscussedinthepassage

A．Howthetraditionofitspreadaroundtheworld.

B．Whatcouplesdowiththeirweddingrings.

C．Howtochoosesuitableweddingrings.

D．Materialsusedtomakeearlyrings.

4．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthetraditionofweddingrings

A．Itwillmostlikelylastforever.B．Ithasalreadyfallenoutofdate.

C．Itshouldbetakenmoreseriously.D．Itholdsnosignificanceinmodernsociety.

典例2.（2024·江西·二模）Frombeautifulbronze(青铜)winecupstograndbronzeding(foodcontainers),thisexhibition

featuresdiscoveriesthatwillfundamentallychangevisitors’understandingofancientChinesecivilization.

AtaboutthesametimethatStonehengewasrisinginEngland,aBronzeAgeculturewasdevelopinginChinathatinmany

respectswasseldomequaledandneversurpassed.Thisdevelopmentseemedtohavebegunby1600BCintheShang(about1600

BC—1046BC)alongtheYellowRiver.Forthousandsofyears,thisareahadwitnessedculturesofincreasingcomplexity,

whichlaidthefoundationoftheChinesecivilization.BythetimeoftheBronzeAge,thisculturewascharacterizedbya

strongcentralizedgovernment,urbancommunitieswithobvioussocialclasses,adistinctivesystemofwriting,strictreligious

rituals,diversifiedartforms,andadvancedbronze-producingmethods.

Unlikeothercultures,wherebronzewasfirstusedchieflyfortoolsandweapons,inChina,bronzewasusedtomake

vessels(容器)thatplayedcentralrolesinofficialceremoniesandancestorworshipformorethan1,000years,evenafterthe

officialbeginningsoftheIronAgein400BC．Possessionofbronzevesselsthusbecameasymbolfortheholdingofpowerand

rulersusedbronzecupsandfoodcontainerstopresentofferingsoffoodandwinetoroyalancestorsandgods.

DuringShangtimes,wineplayedamajorpartinsuchceremonies,andcontainersforwinethereforefaroutnumberedother

types.Then,theShangwerecriticizedfortoomuchwinedrinkingbyitsenemy,theZhou,whofeltthatthedrinkinghadoffended

HeavenandgiventheZhoutherighttooverthrowtheShang.Safeguardingitsowndynasty,theZhoureplacedthewinevessels

withmorepracticalcookingandstoragetools.

AftertheShangperiod,bronzevesselsbecamemoreimportantasexpressionsofpersonalstatusthanasvehiclesforofficial

ceremonies.Thisisevidentfromthechangingcontentofbronzeinscriptions.Carvedintothesurfaceofavessel,thesewritings

firstappearedduringthelateShangperiodasanidentificationofthevessel’sowneroroftheancestortowhomitwasdedicated.

DuringtheWesternZhouperiod,inscriptionsbecameincreasinglycommonandlengthier,praisingtheachievementsofthe

owners.

5．BythetimeStonehengewasrisinginEngland,________.

A．theChinesehadyettoinventtheirwritingsystem

B．Chinawasstillrelativelybackwardinmanyrespects

C．Chinahadalreadyhadastrongcentralizedgovernment

D．socialclassesjuststartedtoemergeintheChinesecities

6．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout

A．ThemainapplicationsofbronzeinChina.

B．ThecomplexofficialceremoniesinChina.

C．Thesignificanceofthediscoveryofbronze.

D．ThedifferencesbetweenChinaandothercountries.

7．WhichofthefollowingmostprobablybelongstotheZhou

A．Hugebronzedingwithshortreligioustexts.

B．Bronzevesselsshowingthekings’achievements.

C．Anunearthedtemplewithlotsofbronzewinecups.

D．Anancientkitchenwithlotsofbronzecookingpots.

8．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken

A．Asciencereport.B．Anexhibitbrochure.

C．Ahistorytextbook.D．Aresearchpaper.

一、真题实战

1.（2023新课标II卷）

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthree

hundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbefore

booksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofshared

humanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferent

erasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetween

thegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostina

momentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.

Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.More

recently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—

transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma

21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.To

serveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnotes

writtendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeis

monitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line"activity.

8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom

A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.

C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.

9.Whataretheselectedartworksabout

A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.

C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader

A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.

2.（2023全国甲卷）

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,

soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinkthey

understandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplainthem.

Ericweiner’sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.

Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext

(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,

listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabook

aboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowith

plentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartof

thatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin

deeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdown

withthisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.

28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.

30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbook

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

3.（2023全国乙卷）

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfoodProbablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwo

vegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninterestingEventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itis

producingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebest

sellerlists.

It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegand

ready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosesticking

toatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookingin

someway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.Itseemsthat

TVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.

Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouraged

themtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjust

under1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuch

moreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedin

cooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentaries

aboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool"forboys

tolikecooking.

28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood

A.Itissimpleandplain.B.Itisrichinnutrition.

C.Itlacksauthentictastes.D.Itdeservesahighreputation.

29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV

A.Authoritative.B.Creative.

C.Profitable.D.Influential.

30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow

A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout

A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.

C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.

4.（2022新课标I卷）

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itis

alsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionin

theuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerand

hadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnight

toseethey’vegonetobed."

“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsit

outsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengiven

financialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreally

welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefi