高级财务会计（英文版第13版）课件 第19章 州和地方政府单位会计入门

AdvancedAccountingThirteenthEditionChapter19AnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsCopyright©2018,2015,2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnits:Objectives(1of2)19.1Learnaboutthehistoricaldevelopmentofaccounting

principlesforstateandlocalgovernmentalunits.19.2Understandthepurposesoffundaccountingandits

basicpremises.19.3Performtransactionanalysisusingproprietaryandgovernmentalaccountingmodels.AccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnits:Objectives(2of2)19.4Recognizevariousfundcategories,aswellastheir

measurementfocusandbasisofaccounting.19.5Reviewbasicgovernmentalaccountingprinciples.19.6

Learnaboutthecontentsofagovernmentalentity's

comprehensiveannualfinancialreport.HistoryAnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsGovernmentalEntityCharacteristics:PopularelectionofofficersorappointmentbyofficialsofoneormorestateorlocalgovernmentsPotentialforunilateraldissolutionbygovernmentNetassetsreverttogovernmentPowertoenactorenforceataxDevelopingStandardsMunicipalFinanceOfficersAssociationGovernmentalAccounting,Auditing,andFinancialReporting(1968)AICPAAuditsofStateandLocalGovernmentalUnits(1974)NationalCouncilonGovernmentalAccountingGovernmentalAccountingandFinancialReportingPrinciples(beginning1979)GovernmentalAccountingStandardsBoardGASBStatements(beginning1984)Codification(1985,updatedcontinually)HierarchyofGAAPGAAPforlocalandstategovernmentalaccounting:GASBStatementsandInterpretationsGASBTechnicalBulletinsConsensuspositionsofGASB'sEmergingIssuesTaskForceImplementationGuidesOtheraccountingliteratureFundAccountingAnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsAccountingforGovernmentsFocusoncontinuingabilitytofundandprovidegoodsandservicesNoprofitmotiveTypesofactivitiesBusinesstypeactivitiesProvideservicesorgoodstousersforfeesGeneralgovernmentalactivitiesProvideservicesorgoodstocitizenswithoutregardforabilitytopayFund(definition)"afiscaloraccountingentitywithaselfbalancingsetofaccounts…whicharesegregatedforthepurposeofcarryingonspecificactivities…."[GASBCodification]Eachfundhasitsown AccountingequationJournals,ledgers,andotherrecordsFinancialstatementsAsinglegovernmentalunit,e.g.,onecity,hasmultiplefunds,eachwithitsownfinancialstatements.Thereisalsoacomprehensivereport.FundCategories(1of2)Groupsoffunds:Proprietaryfunds(twotypes)Governmentalfunds(fivetypes)Fiduciaryfunds(fourtypes)Fundswithineachcategorybehavethesameway,andwillhavesimilaraccountingandreporting.ProprietaryFundModelCurrentassets+NoncurrentassetsCurrentliabilities-Noncurrentliabilities=NetPositionCA+NCA–CL–NCL=NetPositionAccountingissimilartobusinessenterprises,usingtheaccrualbasisofaccounting.GovernmentalFundModelCurrentassets–Currentliabilities=FundBalanceCA–CL=FundBalanceAccountingfocusesoncurrentfinancialresources.Expendituresreflecttheuseofworkingcapital,insteadofexpenseswhichfocusonconsumptionofresources.GovernmentalFundNon-CurrentAssetsandLiabilitiesGeneralfixedassetsarenotrecordedingovernmentalfunds.Generalfixedassetanddepreciationrecordsaremaintainedseparately.Generallong-termdebtisnotrecordedingovernmentalfunds.Separaterecordsarealsokept.Botharereportedinthegovernment-widestatements(addressedlater).TransactionAnalysisAnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsTransactions:ExampleBorrowed$15,000byissuinga3-yearnotePurchasedequipmentcosting$2,800forcashSoldafullydepreciatedtruckcosting$18,000,withanetbookvalueof$1,200,for$1,000cashComputedcurrentdepreciationas$875Let’slookattherecordingofthesetransactionsunderboththeProprietaryandGovernmentalFundmodels.UsingProprietaryFundModelModel:CA+NCA-CL–NCL=NetAssets

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blankUsingGovernmentalFundModelModel:CA–CL=Fundbalance

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blankThelongtermborrowingisasourceofcurrentfinancialresources,asisthesaleofthetruck.Acquisitionofequipmentusescurrentfinancialresources.FundCategories(2of2)AnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsGovernmentalFundTypes(1of2)SpecialrevenuefundsGeneralgovernmentalfinancialresourcesarerestrictedforspecificpurposes.PermanentfundsResourcesarerestrictedbutearningsareexpendabletobenefitgovernmentorcitizens.CapitalprojectsfundsResourcesareusedtoconstructoracquiremajorgovernmentalfixedassets.GovernmentalFundTypes(2of2)DebtservicefundsResourcesaretobeusedtopayprincipal,interest,andchargesonlong-termdebt.GeneralfundWorkingcapitalisavailableforgeneralgovernmentaluse.Governmentaloffices,police,fire,libraryProprietaryFundTypesInternalservicefundsProvidegoodsorservicesonabusiness-typebasisprimarilyforinternalcustomersFordepartmentsandagenciesofthatgovernmentMotorpools,centralprintingEnterprisefundsProvidegoodsorservicesonabusiness-typebasisprimarilyforexternalcustomersForcitizensandothersUtilities,trashservice,masstransitFiduciaryFundTypesPensiontrustfundsAccountforgovernmenttrustfundsInvestmenttrustfundsAccountforpooledinvestmentsoffundsPrivatepurposetrustfundsResourcesbenefitnon-governmententitiesThesefundsusethebasicproprietarymodel:CA+NCA–CL–NCL=NetPositionAgencyfundsFundsheldforpartiesoutsidegovernmentThisfundusesanabbreviatedmodel:A=LTransactions:Example(1of3)Issuedgeneralobligationbonds,parvalueof$3,000,at101,tofinanceconstructionofagovernmentofficebuildingTransferredthepremiumonthebondstothefundusedtoaccountforpaymentofprincipalandinterestonthebondsIncurredandpaidbuildingconstructioncostsof$125Transactions:Example(2of3)Leviedandcollectedsalestaxesrestrictedtouseforeconomicdevelopment,$60Paidgeneralgovernmentalemployees’salaries,$450,andaccruedanadditional$50Borrowed$7,500onasix-monthnotetofinancegeneraloperatingcostsofthegovernmentTransactions:Example(3of3)Model:CA–CL=FundbalanceSpecificFundCACLFundbalance1Capitalprojectsfund3,030

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BasesofAccountingGovernmentaltypefundsModifiedaccrualbasisofaccountingFocusonflowofcurrentfinancialresourcesRecordexpendituresProprietary&FiduciarytypefundsAccrualbasisofaccountingFocusoneconomicresourcesRecordexpensesGovernmentalAccountingPrinciplesAnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsRevenueRecognition(1of2)Exchangeorexchange-liketransactionsEachpartygivesandreceivesequalvalueNonexchangetransactionsDerivedtaxrevenues(salesorincometax)Imposednonexchangerevenues(propertytax)Governmentmandatednonexchangerevenues(federalmandates)

Voluntarynonexchange(donations)RevenueRecognition(2of2)RecognizeNETrevenuetobereceivedingovernmentalfundswhen…TransactionissubstantiallycompleteFundsaremeasurableandavailableWillbecollectedinnotmorethan60daysExpensesandExpendituresExpensesCostofassetsorservicesusedRecognizeinperiodincurredExpendituresCostofgoodsorserviceacquired,whetherornotconsumedMaturingoflong-termdebtprincipalRecognizedinperiodcurrentliabilityisincurredExcept:interestonlong-termdebtisrecognizedwhendueInterfundActivityInterfundloansAmountsareexpectedtoberepaid.Fundsrecordareceivableorpayable.InterfundtransfersOperatingtransfer-whenfundsareprovidedtoanotherforlegallyauthorizedpurposesResidualequitytransfer-whenfundsareprovidedtoestablishanotherfundRevenueandexpense/expenditurearerecordedwhenthereisareciprocaltransfer–i.e.,goodsorservicesareprovidedbyonefundtoanother.BudgetWhenapprovedbythelegislativebody,thebudgetforexpendituresbecomesaspendingordinancethathastheforceoflaw.Anapprovedrevenueplanalsohastheforceoflaw.AppropriationsApprovedorauthorizedexpendituresAllotmentAppropriationforaspecifictimeperiodFinancialReportingEntityPrimarygovernmentCity,town,stateSpecialpurposegovernmentWaterdistrict,hospital,transitauthorityTreatedasprimarygovernmentSeparatelyelectedbody,legallyseparate,fiscallyindependentComponentunitLegallyseparate,butprimarygovernmentisfinanciallyaccountableComprehensiveAnnualFinancialReport(CAFR)AnIntroductiontoAccountingforStateandLocalGovernmentalUnitsPrimaryGovernmentReportingAgovernmentalunitissuesanannualreportcalledaComprehensiveAnnualFinancialReport(CAFR).IncludesprimarygovernmentandblendedcomponentunitsIsgovernedbyGASBStatementNo.34whichrequiresdualreportingGovernment-widefinancialstatements(usingtheaccrualbasisofaccounting)Fundfinancialstatements(usingthemodifiedaccrualbasisofaccounting)CAFR–IntroductorySectionTableofcontentsLetteroftransmittalPrincipalofficersOrganizationalchartCAFR–FinancialSectionManagement'sDiscussion&AnalysisAuditor'sreportGovernment-widefinancialstatementsStatementofNetPositionStatementofActivitiesFundfinancialstatements(detailedlater)NotesandrequiredsupplementaryinformationStatementofNetAssets(1of3)CITYOFGOLDEN,COLORADO,STATEMENTOFNETPOSITIONDECEMBER31,2014

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blankCashandinvestments$14,484,191$5,037,567$19,521,758$18,450,829$1,012,379Propertytaxesreceivable5,414,737___5,414,7375,294,9091,553,395Accountsreceivable3,735,3641,980,7675,716,1314,815,467233,929Internalbalances(1,519,197)1,519,197_________Prepaidexpenses22,097___22,097266,2554,763Inventory45,784117,863163,647147,246___Restrictedcashandinvestments331,005465,371796,3761,346,064525,111Capitalassetsnotbeingdepreciated18,883,55722,449,14741,332,70441,508,0611,009,149Capitalassets(netofaccumulateddepreciation)72,454,60677,142,295149,596,901144,741,3943,981,011Totalassets$113,852,144$108,712,207$222,564,351$216,570,225$8,319,737StatementofNetAssets(2of3)DeferredOutflowsofResurces

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blankAmountonRefundingofBonds801,79351,645853,438997,398___TotalDeferredOutflowsofResources801,79351,645853,438997,398___Liabilities

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blankAccountspayableandaccruedliabillities$1,814,868$763,283$2,578,1511,992,737$213,005AccruedinterestPayable102.27529,344131,619142,179___EscrowDepositsandOther342,290192,489534,779622,067___Claimspayable423,088___423,088471,924___Unearnedrevenue261,00056,575317,575420,827___Noncurrentliabilities

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blankDuewithinoneyear2,560,0001,062,5413,622,5413,511,275479,123Dueinmorethanoneyear22,212,0256,504,12628,716,15132,317,684___Totalliabilities27,715,5468,608,35836,323,90439,478,693692,128StatementofNetAssets(3of3)Source:CityofGolden,Colorado,Comprehensiveannualfinancialreport,2014DeferredInflowsofResources

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blankPropertyTaxRevenue5,414,737___5,414,7375,294,9091,553,395TotalDeferredInflowsofResources5,414,737___5,414,7375,294,9091,553,395NetPosition

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blankNetinvestmentincapitalassets68,762,30192,423,864161,186,165153,066,6984,511,037Restrictedfor

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blankParks&recreation791,208___791,2081,294,991___Capitalpojects238,814___238,814190,421___Cemeteryperpetualcare(nonexpendable)1,379,766___1,379,7661,312,664___Cemeteryperpetualcare(expendable)236,758___236,758282,117___Debtservice___465,371465,371663,144500,000Emergencyreserves980,000___980,000940,000___Unrestricted9,134,8077,266,25916,401,06615,043,9851,063,177Totalnetposition$81,523654$100,155,494$181,679,148$172,794,020$6,074,214StatementofActivitiesCITYOFGOLDEN,COLORADO,STATEMENTOFACTIVITIESFORTHEYEARENDEDDECEMBER31,2014

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blankProgramRevenuesFunctions/ProgramsExpensesChargesforServicesOperatingGrantsandContributionsCapitalGrantsandContributionsPrimaryGovernment

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blankGeneralgovernment$7,480,751$2,039,950$4,725$___Planning&economicdevelopment1,915,287284,859______Police7,520,766717,166395,954___Fire1,733,106198,872______Publicworks5,692,08781,750292,0501,252,350Parksandrecreation3,345,295553,876___775,772Unallocatedinterestonlong-termdebt1,032,257_________Totalgovernmentalactivities28,719,5493,876,473692,7292,028,122StatementofActivities(1of4)Business-typeactivities

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blankWater5,192,9555,668,271___1,888,848Wastewater1,745,9562,312,333___455,338Drainage709,625959,494___428,641FossilTraceGolfCourse3,089,0333,318,353______CommunityCenter2,663,5681,798,031___68,700SplashAquaticpark569,265403,566___63,812CemeteryOperations481,036450,091______RooneyRoadSportsComplex230,88270,476______Museums508,265101,62157,0965,390Totalbusiness-typeactivities15,190,58515,082,23657,0962,910,729TotalPrimaryGovernment$43,910,134$18,958,709$749,825$4,938,851ComponentUnit

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GoldenurbanRenewalAuthority$2,217,184$___$___$___StatementofActivities(2of4)blankNet(Expenses)RevenueandChangesinNetPositionblankblankGovernmentalActivitiesBusiness-TypeActivitiesTotals

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blankGeneralgovernment$(5,436,076)$___$(5,436,076)$(5,126,606)$___Planning&economicdevelopment(1,630,428)___(1,630,428)(1,271,102)___Police(6,407,646)___(6,407,646)(6,613,615)___Fire(1,534,234)___(1,534,234)(1,649,421)___Publicworks(4,065,937)___(4,065,937)(4,346,247)___Parksandrecreation2,015,647)___2,015,647)(1,706,226)___Unallocatedinterestonlong-termdebt(1,032,257)___(1,032,257)(1,100,795)___Totalgovernmentalactivities(22,122,225)___(22,122,225)(21,814,012)___StatementofActivities(3of4)Business-typeactivities

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blankWater___2,364,164$2,364,164$1,441,627___Wastewater___1,021,7151,021,715753,660___Drainage___678,510678,510349,525___FossilTraceGolfCourse___229,320229,320(106,187)___CommunityCenter___(796,837)(796,837)59,401___SplashAquaticpark___(101,887)(101,887)(175,511)___CemeteryOperations___(30,945)(30,945)(166,010)___RooneyRoadSportsComplex___(160,406)(160,406)(136,034)___Museums___(344,158)(344,158)(366,633)___Totalbusiness-typeactivities___2,859,4762,859,4761,653,838___TotalPrimaryGovernment(22,122,225)2,859,476(19,262,749)(20,160,174)___ComponentUnit

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