英语听力入门第一册第八单元

Unit8creativeminds

,Parti

A.Thefollowingpassagewilltellyouaboutsomeinventionsmadeby

peopleindifferentcountries.Listencarefullyandmatchthe

inventionswiththeplaceswherethesethingsfirstcamefrom

B.inthepastcenturywhentheconsumerbecameking,productinnovation

reachedunprecedentedheights.Nowlistentosomeofthegreatthings

inventedinthepast100years.Fillinthemissinginformation.Payspecial

attentiontothenameoftheinventionsandthetimewhentheyappeared.

Part11Scientistsofthemillennium(1)

A.Listentothefirsthalfofapassageaboutthediscoveryandinventions

oftenimportantscientistsofthemillenium.Completethefollowing

chartwithkeywords

B.Nowlistenagainandanswerthequestionswithkeywords

・Parti11

Scientistsofthemillennium(2)

A.Youaregoingtohearthesecondofhalfofthepassageaboutthe

discoveriesoftenimportantscientistsofthemillennium.Completethe

chartwithkeywords.

B.Nowlistenagain.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.

•PartI

•Warmingup

,Keywords

,invent

Vocabulary

Fax

Sending(copiesofprintedmaterial,letters,pictures,etc.)usingasystem

bywhichtheinformationissentinelectronicformalongatelephone

line

Totransmit(printedmatteroranimage)byelectronicmeans.

传真:用电讯方式传递信息（打印出事情或图形）

Calendar

Aprintedtablethatliststhedays,weeks,andmonthsoftheyear

Atableshowingthemonths,weeks,anddaysinatleastonespecificyear.

日历:一种表格，表示出至少某一年内的月份、星期和

0

Anyofvarioussystemsofreckoningtimeinwhichdiebeginning,length,anddivisionsofayeararcdefined.

历法：任一种用于标识时同的系统，确定了一年的开始、时长和利分

Puppet

Atoylikejointedfigureofapersonoranimalthatismadetomoveby

someonepullingwiresorstringsatatheaterperformance

Asmallfigureofapersonorananimal,havingaclothbodyandhollowhead,designedtobe

fittedoverandmanipulatedbythehand.

木偶:用布料制成身体及空脑袋的小型人或动物的形象,

用于套在手上或用手来操纵

Afigurehavingjointedpartsanimatedfromabovebystringsorwire*;amarionette.

木偈：由身体各部分相笠接短成的用我或嵬子操蚁的形象；牵钱木偈

Atoyrepresentingahumanfigure;adoll.

玩偈：人形玩具；玩偈

Mercedes-Benz

奔驰汽车

Germanautomobilepioneercreditedwithmanufacturingthefirst

vehiclepoweredwithaninternal-combustionengine,patentedin1886.

奔驰，卡尔•弗雷德里希：（18444929）德国汽车业先驱，制造了

第一辆以内燃机为动力的汽车，于1886年注册专利

NovaScotia

新斯科舍省

AprovinceofeasternCanadacomprisingamainlandpeninsulaandtheadjacentCapeBretonIsland.Itjoinedthe

confederationin1867.ThefirstsuccessfulsettlementwasmadebytheFrenchatPortRoyal(nowAnnapolis

Royal)in1610.FranceandGreatBritainbitterlycontestedthearea,partofAcadia,until1763,whentheTreaty

ofParisawardedtheFrenchpossessionsinNorthAmericatotheBritish.Duringthe18thcenturymany

Scotsimmigratedtotheregion,leadingtoitsname,aLatinizedversionof“NewScotland/

Halifaxisthecapitalandthelargestcity.Population,847,442.

新斯科舍省：加拿大东部的省，包括一个大陆半岛和毗临的布雷顿角岛。1867年加入联

邦。1610年法国人在罗亚尔港(现为安娜波利斯•罗亚尔)第一次成功地定居。法国和

大不列颠曾激烈地争夺过这一地区，即阿卡迪亚的一部分，直到1733年，当巴黎协议

将法国对北美的占有权移交给不列颠18世纪许多苏格兰人移居此地，因此有了这个名

字，拉丁文意为“新苏格兰:哈利法克斯为首府和最大城市。人口847,442

A.Thefollowingpassagewilltellyouaboutsomeinventionsmadeby

peopleindifferentcountries.Listencarefullyandmatchtheinventionswith

theplaceswherethesethingsfirstcamefrom

,Invention

,1.thecomputer

,2.Thefaxmachine

3.Foldingfans

4.Thecar

5.Thechocolatebar

6.Thecalendar

7.Themechanicalclock

8.puppets

Places

A.England

B.Africa

C.theU.S.

D.Australia

E.Japan

F.Canada

G.China

H.Switzerland

,LGermany

•J.Mexico

l.a

2.d

3.e

4.1

5.f

6.j

7・g

8.b

B.

Vocabulatry

Paperclip纸夹

Asmallpieceofcurvedwireusedforholding

sheetsofpapertogether

Patent专利权，执照，专利品

Apaperfromagovernmentofficegiving

someonetherighttomakeorsellanew

inventionforacertainnumberofyears.

Adhesive粘合剂，胶粘

(asubstancesuchasglue)thatcanstickorcause

sticking

Cellularphone

Aphoneusinganetworkofradiostationsto

passonsignals

Commission

Agroupofpeoplespeciallyappointedatahi磔

leveltodocertainwork.Esp.tofindoutfacts

andwriteareport

Authori2e

Togiveformalpermissontoorfor

Subscribe

Topayregularlyinordertoreceiveamagazine,

newspapaer,telephoneservice,etc.

Creditwith

Toacceptthat(someone)has(aquality)oris

responsiblefor(anaction)

Wringer绞干

Amachine,oftenpartofawashingmachine,

withrollerswhichpresswaterfromclothes,

sheets,etc.thatarepassedthroughthem

Ad

Advertisement;somethingusedformaking

(somethngforsale,servicesoffered,aroomto

rent,etc.)knowntothepublic,suchasanotice

onawallorinanewspaper,orashortfilm

shownontelevision

Disposable

Intendedtobeusedonceandthenthrownaway

Diaper尿布

Nappy;apieceofsoftclothorpaperworn

betweenthelegsandfastenedaroundthewaist

ofababytoholditsliquidandsolidwaste

Zipper

Afastenermadeoftwosetsofmetalorplastic

teethandaslidingpiecethatjoinstheedgesof

anopeninginmaterialbydrawingtheteeth

together.

Afasteningdeviceconsistingofparallelrowsofmetal,plastic,ornylonteethonadjacentedgesofanopeningthatare

interlockedbyaslidingtab.

拉裤・由平行的金属、烫料或尼龙的齿状物制成的，在开口也近地缘上被滑动的拉环铁住的紧扣匏

Thewordzipperisanexampleofwhattheownersoftrademarkstrytoprevent.Registeredin

1925,zipperwasoriginallyaB.F.Goodrichtrademarkforovershoeswithfasteners.AGoodrich

executiveissaidtohaveslidthefastenerupanddownonthebootandexclaimed,"Zip*erup,“

fromthezippingsoundmadebythedevice.Thenounzipandtheverbzip,referringtoaligjit

sharpsoundortomotionaccompaniedbythatkindofsound,werealreadyinexistence(zipasa

nounwasfirstrecordedin1875;asaverb,in1852).Thetwowordsowedtheirorigintothe

imitationbyspeakersofthesoundmadebyarapidlymovingobjectAsthefastenerthat“zipped”

cametobeusedinotherarticles,itsnamebecamegeneralized.B.F.Goodrichsuedtoprotectits

trademarkbutwasallowedtoretainproprietaryrigtsoveritonlyforitsZipperBoots.Zipperhad

movedoutintotheworldofcommonnouns.

单词zipper是商标所有者试图阻止的实例。1925年注册的zipper原来是一种带有扣拌的便

鞋的B.F.古德里奇商标。据说古德里奇的管理人员把靴子上的扣拌上下拉并叫道"Zip，er

up”，来自于这种扣件发出的嘘嘘声。指轻微而尖锐的声音或伴随着那种声音的行动的名词

zip和动词zip,其早已存在(zip作为名词最早记录于1875年；作为动词记录于1852年)。

这两个词的出现是来自于说话人模仿快速移动物体所发出的声音。象扣伴"zipped”已被用

于其它文章中，这个名字变得广为使用。B.F.古德里奇要求保护其商标但仅被允许保留其在

对ZipperBoots的使用。Zipper已经成为一个十分普通的名词

Immigrant

Someonecomingintoacountryfromabroadto

maketheirhomethere

Apersonwholeavesonecountrytosettle

permanendyinanother.

移民：离开自己的国家并到别国永久定居的

人

Aplantorananimalthatestablishesitselfinan

areawhereitpreviouslydidnotexist.

异地移入的动植物群：在从来没有生长过的

地区存活并生长的植物或动物

Galosh

Arubbershoewornoveranordinaryshoe

whenitrainsorsnows

橡胶套鞋（常用于复数）

Awaterproofovershoe.防水套鞋

Accident-prone

（ofaperson）morelikelytohaveaccidentsthan

mostpeopleare

Havingorsusceptibletohavingagreaterthan

averagenumberofaccidentsormishaps.

易出事故的，易遭遇意外的：具有或倾向于

大大超出平均数字的事故或不幸的

（因性格特点等）易惹事故的（人）

Strip条,带

Anarrowpiece

Merit

Agoodquality

Contactlens

Asmallplasticlensshapedtofitcloselyoverthecenteroftheeyeto

improvetheeyesight

Athinplasticorgjasslensthatisfittedoverthecorneaoftheeyetocorrectvariousvisiondefects.

隐形眼镜:一种用塑料或玻璃制成并套在眼角膜上

校正各种视力缺陷的薄透镜

接触透镜

Norwegian

OforrelatingtoNorwayoritspeople,language,orculture.

挪威的:是或与挪威或其人民，语言，或文化有关的

n.Abbr.Norw.,Nor.(名词)缩写Norw.,Nor.

AnativeorinhabitantofNorway.

挪威人：挪威本土人或居民

Pennsylvania

AstateoftheeasternUnitedStates.ItwasadmittedasoneoftheoriginalThirteenColoniesin1787.Firstexploredin

theearly1600,s,theregionwassettledbySwedesin1634andgrantedbyroyalchartertoWilliamPennin1681.The

Mason-DixonLine(surveyedin1763-1767)esublishedthecolon/ssouthernboundaryandwasextendedwestwardin

1784.PennsylvaniaplayedacrucialroleintheAmericanRevolutionandintheformationofthenewrepublic.

HarrisburgisthecapitalandPhiladelphiathelargestcity.Population,11,924,710.

宾夕法尼亚州：美国东部的一个州，1787

年成为东部十三州殖民地之一，16世纪早期首次被探险，瑞典人于

1634年在此定居并于1681年经皇家宪章批准归属彭•威廉。梅森-

狄克森线（1763-1767年间勘定）为这一殖民地建立了南界，并于1784

年向西扩延。宾夕法尼亚州在美国独立战争及新共和国成立中起重要

作用，首府为哈里斯堡，最大城市是费城。人口11,924,710

Band-Aid

邦迪

('bAndcId]

崎.补缴的，权宜的

Atrademarkusedforanadhesivebandagewithagauzepad网垫inthe

center,employedtoprotectminorwounds.Thistrademarksometimesoccursinprintin

figurativeuses:

邦迪：一种创可贴小伤口的商标，中心有一纱布垫，用于保护。这一商标有

时以印刷体出现用于比喻：

“TruewelfarereformisbeingbypassedforBand-Aidsolutions(LosAngelesTimes)“Many

criticscontendthatthesemeasuresaremereBand-Aids”(U.S.News&WorldReport)

“真正的福利改革正被‘邦迪'式的解决方法所忽略”(洛杉矶时报)“许多批评家坚决认为

这项措施只不过是‘邦迪'而已"(美国新闻及世界报道)

Czech

AnativeorinhabitantofCzechoslovakia,especiallyaBohemian,Moravian,

orSilesian.

捷克人：捷克斯洛伐克的本地人或居民，尤指波希米亚人、

摩拉维亚人或西里西亚人

TheSlaviclanguageoftheCzechs.

捷克语：捷克人讲的斯拉夫语

3M

acompany'sname

MartinCooper

Person，sname马丁.库珀

Motorola

摩托罗拉公司

AlvaJ.Fisher

阿尔瓦Person，sname

GE

GeneralElectricCo.通用电气公司［美］

Procter&Gamble's

Pampers

Swedish

GideonSundback

Person，sname基甸

［圣经］犹太勇士，曾击败过Midianites,：旧约中的一个希伯来法官,

他强烈反对崇拜太阳神并击败了米堤亚人

Amemberofaninterdenominationalandinternationalsocietyknownfor

placingBiblesinhotelrooms.

吉迪恩：他是各教派和国际社会的成员，以把圣经放在

旅馆的房间里而闻名

UniversalFastenerCo.

C.F.Goodrich

Person，sname

Beatoff

打退

BatdeoftheFly

Johnson&Johnson

美国强生

EarleDickson

Person'sname

OttoWichterle

ACzechscientist

Bausch&Lomb

Person'sname

innovation

Theactofintroducingsomethingnew.

创新，革新：介绍新东西的行为

Somethingnewlyintroduced.

新方法，新技术：新介绍的东西

unprecedented

Havingnopreviousexample:

没有前例的:

theFederalCommunicationsCommission

联邦通讯委员会；调查团

inthepastcenturywhentheconsumerbecameking,productinnovation

reachedunprecedentedheights.Nowlistentosomeofthegreatthings

inventedinthepast100years.Fillinthemissinginformation.Payspecial

attentiontothenameoftheinventionsandthetimewhentheyappeared.

InventionsTimewhentheyappeared

Paper1901

1980

Cellular1973

Wringer1930s

1961

1913

1921

contact1961

Tapescript:

1.Thedesignofpaperclipsisperfect.There's

beenlitdeimprovementsinceNorwegianJohan

VaalergothisAmericanpatentin1901.Only

about20%areactuallyusedtoclippapers.

2.Post-itisoneofthetopfivebest-selling

officesuppliers,tomakePost-its,introducedin

1980,3Mhadtodeveloptheadhesive,primer,

back-sidecoatingandnewmanufacturing

equipment.

3.Thefirstcellularphonewasdevelopedin

1973byMartinCooperatMotorola,andatest

of1,000suchphonesfollowedinChicago.The

FederalCommunicationsCommission

authorizedcellularservicein1982,andwe

haven'tshutupsince.Morethanathirdofall

householdsintheU.S.subscribe.

4.amongthosereditedwithmakingelectric

washingmachineswasAlvaJ.Fisher.The

machinesusedwringerstoremovewaterfrom

clothes.Trulyautomaticmachinesappearedin

the1930s.AnearlyadforaGEwasherread,

“Ifeveryfatherdidthefamilywashingnext

Monday,therewouldbeanelectricwashing

machineineveryhomebySaturdaynight”

5.Oh,baby,whataconvenience!

Procter&Gamble9sPampers,bomin1961,

werefirstusedonlyforspecialoccasions.Now

the95%ofAmericanparentswhobuy

disposablediaperswillspendupto$2,100a

childtoavoidwashingdiapers.

6.Zipperswereinventedin1913bySwedish

immigrantGideonSundbackatUniversal

FastenerCo.inPennsylvania.B.F.Goodrich

firstusedthewordtorefertoafastenerona

pairofitsgaloshes;itwasnotusedinclothes

untilthe1930s.By1941zippersbeatthepants

offbuttonsintheBatdeoftheFly.

7.Johnson&Johnsonsold$3,000worthof

handmadeBand-Aidsin1921,theyearit

introducedthem.Acompanycottonbuyer,

EarleDickson,hadcreatedthemathomefor

hisaccident-pronewife.Hethenconvincedhis

bossthatthestripshadmerit

8.OttoWichterle,aCzechscientist,createdthe

firstsoftcontactlensin1961.Bausch&Lomb

boughttherightstohisprocessforareported

$3millionin1966.

Part2

Scientistsofthemillennium(1)

Vocabulary

Type

(anyofthe)smallblocksofmetalorwoodwith

raisedlettersonthem,usedinprinting

［印刷］活字，铅字

Printing

【印刷术】

Asmallblockofmetalorwoodbearingaraised

letterorcharacterontheupperendthatleavesa

printedimpressionwheninkedandpressedon

paper.

活字：上端带有突出的字母或字的一小块木

头或金属，涂上墨并压在纸上后就会留下印

记

Suchpiecesconsideredasagroup.

铅字群：被当作是一个整体的活字

Printedortypewrittencharacters;print.

印刷字：印刷的或打字机打的字；印刷物

Asizeorstyleofprintedortypewritten

characters;atypeface:

字体：印刷或打字机打出的字的大小或风

格；字体：

asans-seriftype.

无衬线字体

Mould

Ahollowcontainerofaparticularshape,into

whichsomesoftsubstanceispoured,sothat

whenthesubstancebecomescoolorhard,it

takesthisshape

模具，铸造

Astronomer

Apersonwhomakesscientificstudiesofthe

sun,moon,stars,etc.

Onethatspecialisesinastronomy.

:专门从事天文学研究的人

Condemn

condemnation

Toexpressverystrongdisapprovalof(someone

orsomething)

Topronouncejudgmentagainst;sentence.

宣判对…作出判决；宣判

（常与to连用）判以死刑或无期徒刑

becondemnedtodeath

被判死刑

Withdraw

Totakeawayortakeback收回

Withdrawthecondemnationofhim

撤销对他的判决

取回；提取；退股

towithdraw$500fromabankaccount

从银行提取500美元

Anatomical

Oforconcernedwiththescientificstudyofthe

bodiesandbodypartsofpeopleandanimals

Concernedwithanatomy.

有关解剖学的

Concernedwithdissection.

有关解剖的

Relatedtothestructureofanorganism.

与有机物结构相关的

Vessel

Anyofthetubesthatcarrybloodfromanypart

ofthebodytotheheart

脉管，导管

AnatomyAduct,canal,orothertubethatcontainsorconveysabodyfluid:

【解剖学】导管，动脉：储存或者导运体液的导管:

abloodvessel血管

Artery

Oneoftubesthatcarrybloodfromtheheartto

therestofthebody

AnatomyAnyofabranchingsystemof

muscular,elastictubesthatcarrybloodaway

fromthehearttothecells,tissues,andorgansof

thebody.

【解剖学】动脉：任何树枝形系统，将血液从心脏输送到

身体各细胞、组织和器官的肌肉的，一种有弹性的血管

Amajorrouteoftransportationintowhichlocalroutesflow.SeeSynonymsatway

干线：连接各地道路的主要交通要道参见way

干线；命脉，要道

Vein

Anyofthetubesthatcarrybloodfromanypart

ofthebodytotheheart

AnatomyAnyofabranchingsystemof

membranoustubesthatcarrybloodtotheheart

【解剖学】静脉:把血带到心脏的支状膜性管系统之一

Abloodvessel

血管

BotanyOneofthevascularbundlesorribsthatformthebranchingframeworkofconductingand

supportingtissuesinaleaforotherexpandedplantorganAlsocallednervure

【植物学】叶脉：维管束或主叶脉之一，形成传导和支撑一片叶子中的组织或其它扩展的

植物器官的支状结构也作nervure

ZoologyOneofthehomyribsthatstiffenandsupportthewingofaninsectAlsocallednervure

【动物学】翅脉：稳固并支撑昆虫的翅膀的角质翅脉之一也作nervure

GeologyAregularlyshapedandlengthyoccurrenceofanore;alode.

【地质学】矿脉：某种矿石的形状规则而且漫长的出现；矿脉

Along,wavystripofadifferentshadeorcolor,asinwoodormarble,orasmoldincheese.

纹理；纹路；条纹：不同色度或颜色的波浪形长条，如在木材或大理石中，或在干酪中形成

的纹理

Afissure,crack,orcleft

裂缝；缝隙；裂纹

Apervadingcharacterorquality;astreak:

气质；倾向；特色；风格：一种遍布的特征或素质；个人特色：

“Allthroughtheinterminablenarrativethereranaveinofimpressiveearnestness(Mark

Twain)SeeSynonymsatstreak

Conflict

Tobeinopposition;disagree

Astateofopen,oftenprolongedfitting;a

batdeorwar.

战争：公开的长期的战斗的状态；战役或战

争

Astateofdisharmonybetweenincompatibleor

antitheticalpersons,ideas,orinterests;aclash.

冲突:不相容或持不同见解的人思想或兴趣之间的矛盾；冲

突

PsychologyApsychicstruggle,oftenunconscious,resultingfromtheoppositionor

simultaneousfunctioningofmutuallyexclusiveimpulses,desires,ortendencies.

【心理学】心理挣扎：通常是潜意识的心理冲突，是由互相排斥的情感、欲望

或倾向对立或同时起作用而引起的

Oppositionbetweencharactersorforcesinaworkofdramaorfiction,especially

oppositionthatmotivatesorshapestheactionoftheplot

冲突：戏剧或小说中人物或势力间的对立，尤指推动或影响故事情节的矛盾冲突

v.intt.（不及物动词）

Influential

Havinggreatinfluence

Havingorexercisinginfluence.

有影响力的:有影响力的或施加影响力的

n.（名词）

Onethatisofconsiderableimportanceorinfluence:

有影响力的人物：被认为重要的或有影响力的人:

aselectgroupofmediainfluentials.

一群经过挑选的媒介巨头

Calculus

(inmathematics)asysstemformaking

calculationsaboutquantitieswhichare

continuallychanging,suchasthespeedof

fallingstoneortheslopeofacurvedline

Thebranchofmathematicsthatdealswith

limitsandthedifferentiationandintegrationof

functionsofoneormorevariables.

微积分学：数学的一个分支，处理单变量或多变量函数

的极限、微分以及积分问题

Amethodofanalysisorcalculationusingaspecialsymbolicnotation.

微积分：一种分析或计算的方法，运用特殊的符号表示法

Thecombinedmathematicsofdifferentialcalculusandintegralcalculus.

微积分：微分学和积分学的结合

Asystemormethodofcalculation:

计算法：一种计算的体系或方法：

”[a]dazzlinggraspofthenation'sbyzantinebudgetcalculus”(DavidM.Alpern)

“对国家错综复杂的预算方法的令人眩目的把握”(戴维M.阿尔珀)

Gravitation

Gravity;thenaturalforcebywhichobjectsare

attractedtoeachother,espthatbywhichalarge

masspullsasmalleronetoit

地心吸力，引力作用

Thenaturalphenomenonofattractionbetween

massivebodies.

万有引力:巨大物体间相互吸引的自然现象

Theactorprocessofmovingundertheinfluenceofthisattraction.

引力作用：在这种吸引力影响下的运动或运动过程

Amovementtowardasourceofattraction:

趋势；倾向：向着吸引源的运动：

thegravitationofthemiddleclassestothesuburbs.

中产阶段涌向郊区的趋势

Principle

atruthorabeliefthatisacceptedasabasefor

reasoningoraction

Abasictruth,law,orassumption:

原则，原理:基本的真理、法则或论断:

theprinciplesofdemocracy.

民主政治的原则

Aruleorstandard,especiallyofgoodbehavior:

准则，道义：规则或标准，尤指正确行为的标准：

amanofprinciple.

有节操的人

Thecollectivityofmoralorethicalstandardsorjudgments:

道德标准：道德或伦理标准或准则的集合体：

adecisionbasedonprincipleratherthanexpediency.

基于准则而非权宜的决定

Afixedorpredeterminedpolicyormodeofaction.

行为模式：固定的或约定的政策或行为方式

Philosophy

Thestudyofnatureandmeaningofexistence,

reality,knowledge,goodness,etc.

哲学,哲学体系，达观，冷静

Loveandpursuitofwisdombyintellectualmeansandmoralself-discipline.

对智慧的热爱与追求：通过智力途径和道德上的自律来达到对智慧的

热爱与追求

Theinvestigationofcausesandlawsunderlyingreality.

哲理的探讨：在现实的基础上对原因和规律的探究

Asystemofphilosophicalinquiryordemonstration.

哲学体系：哲学上探求与证实的体系

Unify

Tocombinepartsof(something)toforma

singlewhole

Tomakeintoorbecomeaunit;consolidate.

统一,使成一体：成为或变成单体；统一

tounifythecountry统一国家

TheRomanCatholicChurch

罗马天主教堂

JohannesGutenberg

约翰尼斯（男子名,John的别称）古腾堡(Johannes,

1400-1468,德国活版印刷发明人）

Germanprinterwhoistraditionallyconsideredtheinventorofmovabletype.HisMazarinBible(c.1455)isbelieved

tobethefirstbookprintedwithsuchtype.

谷登堡,约翰：(1400?-1468?)德国印刷工人，传统上认

为是他发明了活字印刷术。他的马萨林圣经被认为是用这种印刷术印刷的第一本书籍

Copernicus

哥白尼(Nicolaus1473-1543,波兰天文学家，现代天文学创始人)

Polishastronomerwhoadvancedthetheorythattheearthandotherplanetsrevolvearoundthesun,disruptingthe

Ptolemaicsystemofastronomy.

哥白尼，尼科劳斯:(1473-1543)

波兰天文学家，他提出地球及其它行星绕太阳运动的日心说，推翻了

托勒密的天文学理论即地心体系

Galileo

伽利略(15644562,意大利物理及天文学家)

WilliamHarvey

威廉.哈维⑺

AnAnatomicalStudyoftheMotionoftheHeartandoftheBloodin

Animals.

Newton

AfterSirIsaacNewton

源自爵士艾萨克牛顿

Inthemeter-kilogntn-secondsystem,theunitofforcerequitedtoaccetenteimassofonekilogramooemeterpetsecondpersecond,equalto100,000d)mes_Seetableattneasuretnent

牛顿：米/千克/秒体系中每秒钟使一公斤的物体加速一米所需力的单位，等于十万达因参见measurement

Mainz

Acityofwest-centralGermanyattheconfluenceoftheRhineandMainriverswest-southwestofFrankfurtBuilton

thesiteofaRomancampfoundedinthe1stcenturyb.c.,itisanimportantindustrialandcommercialcity.Johann

Gutenburgestablishedaprintingindustryhereinthe15thcentury.Population,187,447.

美因兹:德国中西部的一个城市，位于法兰克福西南偏

西方向，莱茵河和美因河的交汇处。在一个于公元前1世纪建立的

罗马军营遗址上建设起来，是一个重要的工业和商业城市。约翰•古

腾堡于15世纪在这里建起了印刷工业。人口187,447

Ptolemy

Alexandrianastronomer,mathematician,andgeographerwhobasedhisasttonomyondiebeliefthatallheavenly

bodiesrevolvearoundtheearth.

托勒密（公元2世纪的古希腊天文学家、地理学家、数

学家，地心说的创立者）

托勒密：亚历山大天文学家，数学家和地理学家，他把他的天文学建

立在所有的天体都绕地球运转这样一种信仰之上

Galilei

［人名］伽利略（意大利天文学家,数学家,1564-1642）

A.Listentothefirsthalfofapassageaboutthediscoveryandinventions

oftenimportantscientistsofthemillenium.Completethefollowing

chartwithkeywords

NameBirthplaceYearofbirthAchievement

1395a.type

b.movabletype

Polanda.astronomy

b.thesun

c.itscenteronce

1564a.telescope

b.circling

EnglandMoves

1642a.calculus

b.lightandcolor

c.gravitation

B.Nowlistenagainandanswerthequestionswithkeywords

Lprinting/faster/easier

2.earth/centerofuniverse/nomore

3.cutopendeadanimalsandhumans

4・bloodtobody/arteries;bloodto

heart/veins

5.theMathematicsPrinciplesof

NaturalPhilosophy

Tapescript

Todaywetellaboutthediscoveryoften

importantscientistsofthepast1000years.

Theearliestoftheseimportantscientistswas

JohannesGutenberg.HelivedinGermanyfrom

about1395untilabout1468.Johannes

Gutenberginventedthetypemouldandthefist

successfulsystemofmovabletypeusedin

Europe.Thismadeprintingbooksfasterand

easier.JohannesGutenbergandothersusedhis

inventiontoproducebooksintheCityofMainz

duringthe1400s.Thesystemheinvented

remainedunchangedfor350years.

NicolausCopernicuswasanotherimportant

scientist.Heisconsideredthefounderofthe

modernscienceofastronomy,thestudyofthe

planetsandstarsintheuniverse.Nicolaus

CopernicuswasbominPolandin1473.Atthat

time,mostscientistsacceptedtheideathatthe

earthwasatthecenteroftheuniverseanddid

notmove.TheGreekastronomerPtolemyhad

developedthisideamorethan1,000yearsearlier.

Ptolemyalsosaidthatalltheotherobjectsin

spacemovedaroundtheearth.Copernicus

believedthateveryplanet,includingearth,

movedaroundthesun.Healsobelievedthe

earthmovedarounditscenteronceeveryday.

Hedescribedthesetheoriesin1543.These

theorieswerenotacceptedinhislifetime.But

bytheearly1600s,otherscientistsbeganto

developthemethodthatwouldprove

Copernicuscorrect.

OneofthesescientistswasGalileoGalilei.

HewasborninItalyin1564.Galileowasthe

firsttousethetelescopetodiscovernew

informationabouttheplanetsandstars.He

decidedthatthetheorythatallplanetscircled

thesunwascorrect.TheRomanCatholic

ChuchcondemnedGalileofbrsaying

Copernicuswasright.Forcenturies,theChurch

hadtaughtthatthesun,theplanetsandthestars

movedaroundtheearth.Threehundredand

fiftyyearspassedbeforetheRomanCatholic

Churchadmittedofficiallythatitwaswrongand

withdrewitscondemnationofGalileo.

Ourfourthscientistofthemillenniumis

WilliamHarvey.HewasbominEn^andin

1578.Hediscoveredhowbloodmovesin

animalsandpeople.Dr.Harveydescribedthis

in1628inthebookAnAnatomicalStudyofthe

MotionoftheHeartandoftheBloodin

Animals,Thisworkwasthestartofallmodem

researchontheheartandbloodvessels.Dr.

Harveybasedhisdiscoveriesonobservations

andbycuttingopendeadanimalsandhumans.

Dr.Harvey'sexperimentsshowedthatthe

heartforcesbloodthrou^ithearteriestothe

body.Heshowedthatthebloodreturnstothe

heartthroughtheveins.Hisideaconflictedwith

thewidelyacceptedideasofthetime.Ithas

beencalledoneofthemostimportantmedical

discoveriesofthemillennium.

IssacNewtonwasanotherinfluential

scientistofthepast1,000years.Manyexperts

saythathewasthemostimportantscientistof

themall.HewasborninEnglandin1642.Isaac

Newtoninventedanewkindofmathematics

calledcalculus.Hediscoveredt