新视野第四册unit6-bribery-and-business-ethics

新视野第四册unit6briberyandbusinessethics

ChryslerCorporation

TheChryslerCorporation,foundedin1924,usedtobeoneofthethreelargestAmericanautomobilemanufacturerswhosebrandsincludebothpassengerandcommercialvehiclessuchasChrysler,JeepandDodge.ThetwootherlargestAmericanautomobilemanufacturersareGeneralMotorsandFord.2U.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)

AU.S.governmentagency,whosemissionistoprotectinvestorsandmaintaintheintegrityofthesecuritiesmarkets.TheCommission

wassetupbytheU.S.Congressin1933inresponseto“BlackMonday”,theGreatStockMarketCrashin1929.ItspurposewastorestoreinvestorconfidenceintheU.S.capitalmarkets

3Itisbasedontheconceptthatallinvestors,whetherlargeinstitutionsorprivateindividuals,shouldhaveaccesstocertainbasicfactsaboutaninvestmentpriortobuyingit.Toachievethis,theSECrequirespubliccompaniestodisclosemeaningfulfinancialandotherinformationtothepublic,whichprovidesacommonpoolofknowledgeforallinvestorstousetojudgeforthemselvesifacompany’ssecuritiesareagoodinvestment.

Itisbelievedthatonlythroughthesteadyflowoftimely,comprehensiveandaccurateinformationcanpeoplemakesoundinvestmentdecisions.4TheInternationalChamberofCommerceTheaimoftheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC),foundedin1919,istoserveworldbusinessbypromotingtradeandinvestment,openmarketsforgoodsandservices,andthefreeflowofcapital.Itsactivitiescoverabroadrange,fromarbitrationanddisputeresolutiontomakingthecaseforopentradeandthemarketeconomysystem,businessself-regulation,fightingcorruptionorcombatingcommercialcrime.5Structureanalysis

mainideaofthetextBriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseandhasbecomeafactofcommerciallife.Onthewhole,thebriberycanfallintothreecategories:forpoliticalpurposesortosecuremajorcontracts;toobtainquickerofficialapprovalofsomeprojects;andtoobtainhelpwiththepassageofabusinessdeal.Tobanbribery,ICCfavorsacodeofconduct.However,theICCmembersareofdifferentopinions.Theheadacheisstilltheretostayinbusiness.6PartI(paras.1-?)PartII(paras.?-?)PartIII(paras.?-11)Briberyandotherquestionablepaymentsareontheincreaseinmanycountries./Briberyhasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinmanycountries.Thequestionablepaymentsaredividedintothreecategories.Tobanbribery,acodeofconductisfavoredbyICC.Butitsmembersareofdifferentopinions.Anyway,briberyseemsinevitable.7Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whydostudentssometimesfeelsurprisedwhentheyfindbusinessethicsareincludedinthecontentoftheirbusinesscourse?Becausetheydon’tknowhowserioustheproblemofbriberyis.2.Whatwillthemanagerofacompanydoifhedecidestogiveuphisprinciplesinanegotiationwithsomegovernmentofficials?Hewillbribetheofficials.8大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流93.Whatareother“questionablepractices”besidesthepracticeofpayingbribes?Whyaretheydescribed“questionable”?Becausethesepracticesarelikelytobemorallywrongandmaybecertainformsofbribery104.

ForwhatpurposedidthecompanyofferalargesumofmoneyinsupportofaU.S.presidentialcandidate?TheywantedtoavoidanunfavorableconclusiondrawnfromtheinvestigationoftheirpossibleviolationsofU.S.businesslaws.115.Whatmightaforeigncompanydoiftheywanttosellarmstoacountry?Theymightmakelargepaymentstorulingfamiliesortheircloseadvisers,ormakedonationstopartybankaccounts.6.Whatdoes“acopywithapreface”mentionedinParagraph7referto?Itreferstoarareeditionofabookwith$20,000slippedwithinitspage.127.WhateffortshastheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)madetopreventthegivingandseekingofbribes?Itfavorsacodeofconductandhasproposedacouncilformanagingthecode,whichcandistinguishbetweencommissionspaidforrealservicesandexaggeratedfeesthatreallyamounttobribes.138.HastheICCfinallytakenactiontoprohibitbribery?Whyorwhynot?

No.BecauseitsmembershavedifferentopinionsaboutthedutiesoftheICC.9.Canyougivesomeexamplesmentionedinthetexttoshowthat“industryiscaughtinawebofbribery”?Yes,Morethan300U.S.companies,forexample,admittedthattheyhadmadequestionablepayments.14e.g.

Crimeisontheincrease.犯罪率在不断上升。…thatbriberyinvariousformsisonthe

increaseinmanycountries.(Para.1)on

the

increase

becomingmorefrequentorgreaterinnumberorintensity;increasing不断增长15e.g.Ourpaymentstheseyearsareontheincrease.我们的工资这几年一直在增长。e.g.Worldterrorismisontheincrease.世界性恐怖主义活动正在增加。16e.g.Marywasincompleteagreementwithherhusband'srefusaltoacceptthebribe.

玛丽完全赞同自己的丈夫拒绝受贿。2.…ifyouofferhimasubstantialbribe,…(Para.2)n.sth.given,offeredorpromisedtosb.inordertoinfluenceorpersuadehiminfavourofthegiver贿赂，贿赂品bribe17v.offer,give,abribeto向······行贿扩展e.g.Thedoctorhadbeenbribedtokeepquiet.这医生已被买通要保持沉默。take/offerabribe:受/行贿give/offer/handoutbribestosb.:向某人行贿bribesb.todosth./intodoingsth.:向某人行贿做18e.g.It'sreportedthathehassecuredthereleaseofasubstantialnumberofpoliticalprisoners.据报道他已保证释放大批政治犯。3.…offerhimasubstantialbribe,(Para.2)a.1)largeinamountorvalue大量的，相当可观的substantial19e.g.Weareinsubstantialagreement.我们大体上意见相同。e.g.Heownsasubstantialbusinessfirm.他拥有一家殷实的商号。3)essential;virtual实际上的，实质的,基本上的2)possessingconsiderableproperty;well-to-do富足的204.…standbyyourprinciples?(Para.2)1)beabystander;lookonwithoutdoinganything袖手旁观e.g.Howcanyoustandbyandseesuchcruelty?你怎能对这样残酷的行为袖手旁观呢？standby2)support,sidewith;showoneselftobeagoodfriend援助，支持e.g.I’llstandbyyouwhateverhappens.无论发生什么事，我都会支持你。21e.g.Shestillstandsbyeverywordshesaid.她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话。扩展3)befaithfulto信守（承诺）；遵守standaside:移到一边，躲开standdown:退出standfor:代表standout:站出来22e.g.Allchargesagainsthimwerewithdrawn.所有对他的指控都撤诉了。5.Thecompanyrejectedthesechargesandtheywerelaterwithdrawn.(Para.3)v.totakebackoraway收回，撤回,提取，撤退e.g.Thearmywithdrew.

军队撤退了。withdraw236.InacourtcaseinvolvinganarmsdealwithIran…(Para.6)vt.toconnectcloselyandofenincriminatingly

使陷于（麻烦等中）；（常与in连用）牵涉，涉及e.g.Theyaredeeplyinvolvedindebt.他们债台高筑。e.g.Don’tinvolveotherpeopleinyourtrouble.别把别人牵扯到你的麻烦中去。involve247.…awitnessclaimedthat1millionhadbeenpaidby…;(Para.6)vt.Todemandoraskforasone’sownorone’sdue;assertone’srightto要求，认领；声言，主张claim25n.assertionofright;actofclaiming要求承认其所有权或某种权利e.g.Doesanyonemakeaclaimtothispurse?有没有人认领这个钱包？e.g.Herclaimtoownthehouseisinvalid.她对房屋所有权的要求是无效的。268.…whereitisdifficulttosquarehisbusinessinterests…(Para.6)a.正方形的，方的，成直角的square

e.g.square-brackets方括弧square-shouldered（指人）方肩的square-built（指人）体型宽阔的27e.g.Youshouldsquareyourpracticewithyourprinciple.你应该言行一致（使你的行为符合你的主张）。v.makeorbeconsistent（使）与······相符281.我们不会听凭形形色色的贿赂行为不断增加而无动于衷。Wewouldnotstandbyandletbriberyinvariousformsbeontheincrease.X.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.invariousformstobeontheincreasetostandby292.我在把那一大笔钱借给你的时候就跟你讲清楚了，如果你不能及时还钱，你也许会被指控受贿。thesubstantialsumofmoneytobeaccusedoftakingbribesWhilelendingyouthesubstantialsumofmoney,Imadeitcleartoyouthatifyoucouldn’tpayitoffintime,youmightbeaccusedoftakingbribes