2026年中考英语一轮复习：传统文化阅读

第第页2026年中考英语一轮复习：传统文化阅读1.TheStoryofYuBoyaandZhongZiqiYuBoya,askilledguqinplayerfromChu,laterbecameanofficialofJin.Whenheplayedtheguqinonaboatafterastorm,hesawawoodcutternamedZhongZiqilisteningwitheyesclosed.Suspiciously,Boyaquestionedhowtherecouldbepeoplewhounderstoodmusicinthewild.Thewoodcuttersaid,“Don’tbesuspicious.Iwasblockedherebythestorm.WhenIwasabouttogohome,Isuddenlyheardaguqinsound.Iwasattracted.”Boyaplayedanotherpiece,andZiqidescribedthefeelingsinhisplayingwonderfully.Beingsurprised,BoyalookedonZiqiasafriendandtheytalkedhappily.Theyfoundtheirsharedloveformusic.Theybecamebrothers,andBoyanamedthecompositionsheplayedHighMountainsandFlowingWatertocommemoratetheirmeeting.TheyagreedtomeetagainatthenextMid-AutumnFestival.

Thefollowingyear,BoyacamebackbutlearnedthatZiqihadpassedaway.HewasquitesadandplayedthefinalpieceinfrontofZiqi’stombbeforebreakinghisguqinandneverplayedagain,becausehethoughttherewouldbenooneunderstandinghismusiclikeZiqi.

伯牙绝弦俞伯牙是楚国的古琴能手,后来成为晋国的官员。暴风雨过后,他在一条船上弹奏古琴,看到一个叫钟子期的樵夫正闭着眼睛在听。伯牙疑惑野外怎么会有人懂音乐。樵夫回答说:“不要怀疑。我被暴风雨困在了这里。当我正要回家时,突然听到古琴的声音。我被吸引住了。”伯牙演奏了另一首曲子,子期把他演奏的情绪描述得很精彩。伯牙很惊讶,就把子期当成了朋友,他们聊得很开心。他们发现彼此都热爱音乐。他们成了兄弟,伯牙将他演奏的乐曲命名为《高山》和《流水》,以纪念他们的相遇。他们约定明年的中秋节再到这里见面。第二年,伯牙回到了约定的地方,却得知子期已经去世。他很伤心,在子期的墓前弹奏了最后一首乐曲,然后摔碎了他的古琴,再也没有弹过,因为他认为没有人能像子期一样懂他的音乐。2.HuaMulanOnceuponatimeinancientChina,therewasabravegirlnamedMulan.Herfatherwastoooldtofightinthewar,soMulandressedherselfupasamanandjoinedthearmyinhisplace.Withcourageandskill,shefoughtbravelyforhercountry,showingthattrueheroismknowsnogender.Mulanbecamealegend,inspiringeveryonewithherdedicationandbravery.

花木兰从前,在古代中国,有一个勇敢的女孩,名叫木兰。她的父亲年纪太大,无法进军打仗,所以木兰把自己打扮成一个男人,代替他参军。凭借勇气和技艺,她勇敢地为国而战,证明了真正的英雄主义不分性别。木兰成为了一个传奇,她无私奉献和勇敢无畏的精神鼓舞了所有人。3.KongRongSharedPearsIntheEasternHanDynasty,therewasapersoncalledKongRong.Hewasverysmarteversincehewasalittleboy.Hehadfiveelderbrothersandoneyoungerbrother.

Onedayhisfatherboughtsomepears,pickingthelargestoneandgivingittoKongRongonpurpose.ButKongRongshookhisheadandpickedupthesmallestone.Hisdadwasverycuriousandasked,“Why?”KongRongsaid,“Iamyounger,soIshouldeatthesmallerpearandbrothersshouldeatthebiggerones.”

Hisdadwasveryhappyafterhearinghiswords,butaskedagain,“Whataboutyourlittlebrotherwhoisyoungerthanyou?”KongRongsaid,“Iamolderthanhim,soIshouldleavethebiggeronetomylittlebrother.”

Later,KongRongbecameagreatscholar.孔融让梨东汉时期,有个名叫孔融的人,从小就非常聪明。孔融有五个哥哥和一个弟弟。有一天,他的父亲买了一些梨,特意挑了一个最大的给孔融。孔融却摇摇头,挑了一个最小的。他的父亲很好奇,问道:“为什么呢?”孔融说:“我年纪小,所以我应该吃更小的梨,大的梨应该给哥哥们吃。”父亲听到后很高兴,又问:“那比你还小的弟弟,他怎么办呢?”孔融说:“我比弟弟大,我应该把大的留给弟弟吃。”后来孔融成为了一名伟大的学者。4.ThreeMovesbyMencius’MotherWhenMenciuswasachild,helivednearagraveyardwithhismother.Therefore,heoftenplayednearthegraveandimitatedpeople’scryingordiggingthetombs.Whenhismothersawthis,shesaid,“It’snotagoodplaceforachildtolivein.”

Later,theymovedtoahousenearamarket.Atthemarket,Menciuslearnedtosellthingsandwelcomepeople.Hefounditinterestingandplayedagainandagain.Hismotherthoughtthisplacewasstillnotgoodforachildtolivein.Shedecidedtomoveawayagain.

Thistimetheymovedtoahousenearaschool.Menciusbecameinterestedinreadingandstudying.Mencius’mothersaid,“Thisistherightplaceforachildtolivein.”MenciusstudiedhardandbecameagreatthinkerinChina.

孟母三迁孟子小的时候和母亲住在墓地附近。因此,他经常在坟墓旁玩耍,模仿人们哭泣或挖坟墓。当孟母看到这一幕时,她说:“这地方不适合孩子居住。”不久后,他们把家搬到了集市附近。在集市上,孟子学会了卖东西和招呼客人。他觉得很有趣,反反复复地玩。孟母认为这个地方还是不适合孩子居住。她决定再次搬家。这次他们搬到了一所学堂附近。孟子开始对读书和学习感兴趣。孟母说:“这才是适合孩子居住的地方。”孟子刻苦学习,成为了中国伟大的思想家。5.FallBehindSunShanDuringtheSongDynasty,therewasatalentedmannamedSunShan.Hewasnotonlyhumorousbutalsogoodatjoking,sohewasnicknamed“FunnyGenius”.

OnceSunShanwenttothecapitalcitytotaketheimperialexaminationwithafellowvillager’sson.Whenthelistofsuccessfulcandidateswaspostedup,SunShanfoundhisnameattheendofthelist.Buthisfellowvillager’ssonfailedintheexamination.Hereturnedtohishometownsoon.Thefellowvillagercametoaskhimwhetherhissonhadalsopassed.SunShanfounditdifficulttotellhimthetruthdirectly.Sohesaid,“SunShanwasthelastonthelist.AndyoursoncameafterSunShan.”Later,peopleusedthisidiomtoindicatefailinginanexaminationorcompetition.名落孙山宋朝的时候,有一个名叫孙山的才子,他为人不但幽默风趣,而且擅长说笑话,所以大家给他起了个“滑稽才子”的绰号。有一次,孙山和一个老乡的儿子一同到京城参加科举考试。放榜的时候,孙山在名单最后找到了自己的名字,而他老乡的儿子却落榜了。不久,他回到家乡。那个老乡来问他的儿子是不是也考上了。孙山觉得不好意思直接告诉他实情,于是他回答:“孙山排在最后一位。您的儿子在孙山的后面。”后来人们用“名落孙山”来比喻考试没过或者选拔未被录取。6.ChineseCharactersChinesecharacters,knownasHanzi,datebacktoover3,000yearsagoduringtheShangDynasty.Thesecharactersaremadeupofstrokes,includingbasiconeslikedots,horizontalandverticalstrokes,andmorecomplexoneslikehooks.EachHanzihasitsownmeaningandsound.ThesecharactersarenotjustawaytowritetheChineselanguagebutalsoanartformthatisnecessarytoChineseculture.Hanzihelpstoconveynotonlywordsbutalsodeeperculturalmeaningsandexpressions.

汉字中国文字,也被称为“汉字”,可追溯到3000多年前的商朝。这些字符由笔画组成,包括点、横、竖等基本笔画,以及较复杂的如钩等笔画。每个汉字都有自己的意义和发音。这些字符不仅是书写中文的方式,还是中国文化中不可或缺的艺术形式。汉字不仅传达了文字,还传达了更深层次的文化意义和表达。7.Three-CharacterClassicTheThree-CharacterClassicorSanzijingisacherishedChinesetext.It’swritteninasimplewaythatmakesiteasytoreadandremember.Eachlinehasjustthreecharacters,buttheytellusabouthistory,morals,andhowtobeagoodperson.ThisclassicisoftenthefirstbookthatchildreninChinalearnfrom.It’slikeaguideforlifethatteachesrespectforparentsandteachers,theimportanceoflearning,andthestoriesofgreatpeoplefromthepast.TheThree-CharacterClassicismorethanabook;it’sakeythatopensthedoortoChinesecultureandwisdom.

三字经《三字经》是一部深受珍视的中国典籍。它的写作方式简单,便于阅读和记忆。每一行只有三个字,但它们讲述了历史、道德以及如何成为一个正直的人。这部名著通常是中国儿童的启蒙书籍。它就像人生指南,教导我们尊重父母和老师,告诉我们学习的重要性,给我们讲述过去伟人的故事。《三字经》不仅仅是一本书,它更是打开中国文化和智慧之门的钥匙。8.WeiqiChineseGo,alsoknownasWeiqi,isastrategicboardgamethatstartedinChinaover4,000yearsago.Itisplayedonagridwithblackandwhitestones.Thegoalistosurroundmoreterritorythanyouropponent.Weiqiisnotjustagame;itrepresentsancientChinesephilosophyandteachespatience,strategy,andrespect.Itispopularallovertheworldandlovedbymanyplayersforitsdeepthinkingandsimplebeauty.

围棋中国围棋,也称为“围棋”,是一种起源于4000多年前的中国的战略棋盘游戏。它是在一个带有黑白棋子的格子上进行的,目标是比对手包围更多的领地。围棋不只是游戏,它代表了中国古代的哲学思想,教授了耐心、策略和尊重。围棋风靡全球,因其深刻的思考和简洁的美丽深受许多人喜爱。9.CujuCujuisanancientChinesegamethatissimilartomodernsoccerandisthoughttobeoneoftheearliestformsofthesport.ItstartedduringtheHanDynasty,around2,300yearsago.InCuju,playerskickaballthroughanopeningintoasmallnetwithoutusingtheirhands.Thegamewasusedtotrainsoldiersatfirstbutlaterbecameapopularactivityforenjoyment.Ithelpedplayersimprovetheirfootskillsandteamwork.Today,CujuisthoughtasanimportantpartofChina’srichculturalheritage.

蹴鞠蹴鞠是一种古老的中国游戏,与现代足球类似,被认为是这项运动最早的形式之一。它起源于约2300年前的汉朝。在蹴鞠中,玩家需踢球穿过一个开口进入一个小网,游戏过程中不能使用手。这个游戏最初用于训练士兵,后来变成了一项流行的娱乐活动。它帮助玩家提高了脚部技巧和团队协作能力。如今,蹴鞠被视为中国丰富的文化遗产的一个重要组成部分。10.HotPotInChina,hotpotisnotjustadish,butacelebrationofculture.Inthesteamingpot,allkindsoffreshfoodlikeslicesofmeat,vegetables,andtofudanceintheboilingsoup.Peoplesitaround,eatingandchatting,enjoyingthewarmthandhappinessthatthefoodbrings.HotpotisasymbolofreunionandjoyinChinesecuisine.

火锅在中国,火锅不仅仅是一道菜,更是一种文化的庆祝。在热气腾腾的锅里,各种各样的新鲜食物,如肉片、蔬菜和豆腐,在沸腾的汤里跳舞。人们围坐在一起,边吃边聊,享受着食物带来的温暖和快乐。火锅是中国美食中团圆和喜悦的象征。11.DragonHead-RaisingDayDragonHead-RaisingDay,alsoknownasLongtaitou,isatraditionalChinesefestival.Itusuallyfallsontheseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth.

Peoplebelievethatonthisday,dragonswakeupfromtheirwintersleepandbringspringrainstonourishtheearth.It’satimeforhaircuts,asit’ssaidtobringgoodluckandenergy.Familiesgettogethertoeatspecialfoodslikespringrollsanddumplings,hopingforarichandsuccessfulyearahead.It’sadayfullofjoyandthepromiseofnewbeginnings.

龙抬头“龙抬头”是中国的一个传统节日,通常在农历二月的第二天。人们相信,在这一天,龙结束冬眠苏醒过来,带来春雨滋润大地。这是理发的好时机,据说这能带来好运和活力。家人们聚在一起吃特别的食物,如春卷和饺子,希望新的一年繁荣昌盛。这是一个充满欢乐的日子,预示着新的开始。12.LanternRiddlesChineselanternriddlesareafunpartoftheLanternFestival,whichstartedover2,000yearsagoduringtheHanDynasty.Theseriddlesarewrittenoncolourfullanterns,andpeopletrytosolvethem.TheyusuallyincludewordplayandneedknowledgeofChinesecharacters,history,andculture.Solvingtheseriddlesisnotonlyinterestingbutalsoeducational,asithelpsimproveproblem-solvingskillsandteachesaboutChinesetraditions.Lanternriddlesbringjoyandlaughtertothecelebrations.

灯谜中国灯谜是元宵节一个有趣的部分。元宵节起源于2000多年前的汉朝。这些谜语写在彩色的灯笼上,人们尝试解答它们。灯谜通常涉及文字游戏,需要对汉字、历史和文化有所了解。解答这些灯谜不仅有趣,而且具有教育意义,因为它有助于提高解决问题的能力,并且传播了中国传统文化。灯谜给节日庆典带来了欢乐和笑声。13.ArgywormwoodEveryyear,whentheDragonBoatFestivalcomes,Chinesepeopleoftenputakindofplantonthedoor.Itiscalledargywormwood.Argywormwoodtastesbadbutsmellsverygood.Peoplebelievethatargywormwoodcandriveoutbadluck.Anditsspecialsmellcanalsokeepinsectsawayfromrooms.

Argywormwoodisfamousbecauseitcantreatalotofillnesses.Hundredsofyearsago,Chinesepeoplebegantouseargywormwoodasakindofmedicine.SowecanseeitinCompendiumofMateriaMedica(BenCaoGangMu).ThisisabookaboutTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM).ThewriterofthebookisLiShizhen.HewasaveryfamousTCMexpertduringtheMingDynasty.

NowadaysargywormwoodisknownaroundtheworldasakindoftraditionalChinesemedicine.

艾草每年,当端午节到来的时候,中国人经常在门上放一种植物。它被称为艾草。艾草尝起来味道不好,但却很好闻。人们相信艾草可以驱除厄运。它的特殊气味还可以防止昆虫进入房间。艾草因其可以治疗许多疾病而闻名。几百年前,中国人开始把艾草当作一种药材使用。所以我们可以在《本草纲目》中看到它。这是一本关于中医药的书。这本书的作者是李时珍。他是明代一位非常著名的中医专家。现今艾草作为一种传统中药闻名于世。14.ComeoutofnowhereIthadbeenthreeyearssinceKingZhuangofChubecametheking,buthedidn’tdoanythingspecialforthecountry.Alltheofficialsofthecountrycouldn’tunderstandwhatthematterwas.

Oneday,anofficialquietlyaskedtheKingZhangofChu,“YourMajesty,Iheardthatinthesouth,therewasabigbirdlivinginthehills.Threeyearspassed,anditdidn’tflyorcry.CouldYourMajestytellmewhy?”KingZhuangofChusmiledandanswered,“Itdidn’tuseitswingstoflyforthreeyearstogrowup;Itdidn’tcryforthreeyearstocarefullywatchtheconditionofthepeopleintheworld.Thisbird,onceitflies,itwillflyhighintothesky;onceitcries,itwillsurprisetheworldwithonlyonecry.”

Anotherhalfayearlater,KingZhuangofChubegantoworkhard.Hebroketenoldrules,madeninenewrules,killedfiveofficialsfortheirbadworkandpromotedsixpeoplewithrealtalents.Fromthenon,theStateofChubecamestrongerandstronger.

一鸣惊人楚庄王即位已经三年了,但他没有任何作为。所有的官员都不明白这是怎么回事。一天,一位官员悄悄地问楚庄王:“大王,我听说南方的山上住着一只大鸟。三年过去了,它既不飞也不鸣。陛下能告诉我为什么吗?”楚庄王笑着回答说:“三年不展翅飞翔是为了让羽翼长得更加丰满,三年不鸣是在细心观察天下的民情。这只鸟,不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。”又过了半年,楚庄王开始勤于政事。他打破了十项旧规,制定了九项新规,处死了五名不称职的官员,提拔了六名真正有才能的人。从此,楚国变得越来越强大。1.FourgreatbooksCaoXueqinwroteTheStoryoftheStone.HelivedintheQingdynasty.ThebookisoneofthegreatestworksofChinesenovels.Itdescribesthefallofanoblefamilyandthelovestoriesofsomeyoungpeople.WangFulinturneditintoaTVserieswhichwasfirstreleasedin1987.曹雪芹创作了《红楼梦》。其生活于清朝。此书成为中国小说中最伟大的作品之一。它描述了一个贵族家庭的衰落和一些年轻人的爱情故事。王扶林把它改编成电视连续剧,于1987年首次发行。RomanceoftheThreeKingdomswaswrittenbyLuoGuanzhong.IttellsthestoryofthelateEasternHandynasty.LiuBei,CaoCaoandSunQuanhavebecomefamousnamesamongChinesepeople.ItwasmadeintoaTVseriesandfirstairedin1994.《三国演义》由罗贯中所著。它讲述了东汉末年的故事。刘备、曹操和孙权的名字已经广为中国人所知。它被制作成电视连续剧,并于1994年首次播出。TheWaterMargintellsthehistoryoftheNorthernSongdynasty.ThebookwaswrittenbyShiNai’an.Fordifferentreasons,agroupofpeoplewenttoMountLiang,fightingagainsttheauthority.ZhangShaolinmadeitintoaTVseriesandputitonthebigscreenin1998.《水浒传》讲述了北宋的历史。此书由施耐庵所著。出于不同的原因,一群人来到梁山,对抗朝廷。张绍林把它拍成电视连续剧并于1998年搬上大屏幕。WuCheng’encompletedJourneytotheWestintheMingdynasty.ThebookintroducestheamazingexperienceofXuanzangandhisthreedisciplesintheTangdynasty.OnthewaytotheWest,theyhelpedeachothertowineverybattle.DirectorYangJiemadeitintoaTVseriesandreleaseditin1987.吴承恩在明朝完成《西游记》。此书介绍了唐代玄奘和他的三个徒弟的惊人经历。在去西方的路上,他们互相帮助,赢得了每一场战斗。导演杨洁把它拍成了电视连续剧,于1987年发行。2.ChineseknotsChineseknotsareveryimportantinChineseculture.TheybeganasaformoftraditionalartintheTangandSongdynastiesinChina.TheystartedtobecomepopularintheMingdynasty.Notlongago,theyfoundtheirwaytoJapanandotherSoutheastAsiancountries,andwerewellreceivedthere.NowtheyarethoughtasoneofthesymbolsofChineseculture.中国结在中国文化中非常重要。它们在中国唐宋时期开始作为一种传统的艺术形式,在明代开始流行起来。不久,它们传到日本和其他东南亚国家,在那里很受欢迎。现在它们被认为是中国文化的象征之一。TheChinesewordforknotisjie,whichmeans“connection”.Thepronunciationofjieisveryclosetothatofji,whichmeans“goodluck”.Asaresult,Chineseknotsareusedtoexpressgoodwishesforhappiness,loveandgoodluck.Theyhavedifferentsizes.Smallonesareconnectedtoclothesandgifts.Whetherlargeorsmall,theyarenamedaftertheirshapesanduses.Forexample,DoubleCoinKnotsarecalledshuangqianjie,becausetheyareintheshapeoftwoancientChinesecoins.Theymean“Goodthingscomepairs”.Besides,Chineseknotsarefamousfortheirbrightcolors.Differentcolorshavedifferenttraditionalculturalmeanings.Redmeans“goodluckandhappiness”;greenmeans“health”;andyellowmeans“wealth”.“knot”对应的汉字是“结”,意为“连接”。“结”的发音与“吉”的发音非常接近,意为“好运”。因此,中国结被用来表达对幸福、爱情和好运的美好祝愿。它们有不同的尺寸。小的与衣服和礼物有关。不管大的还是小的,都是根据它们的形状和用途来命名的。例如,双钱结是两个中国古代硬币的形状。它们的寓意是“好事成双”。此外,中国结以其鲜艳的颜色而闻名。不同的颜色有不同的传统文化内涵。红色代表“好运和幸福”,绿色代表“健康”,黄色代表“财富”。Allinall,ChineseknotsfullyshowChineseculture.Thesebrightlycoloredknotsalsomeanthatpeopleontheearthshareacommonfuture.总之,中国结充分展示了中国文化。这些色彩鲜艳的结也意味着地球人享有共同的未来。3.TheSilkRoadMostofushaveheardoftheSilkRoad.ItprovidedchancesfortradebetweentheWestandtheEastcenturiesago.我们大多数人都听说过丝绸之路。几个世纪前,它为东西方之间的贸易提供了机会。TravelingalongtheSilkRoadwaschallenginginthepast.Theroadspassedthroughmanydifferentcountries.Therewasalsotheriskofmeetingrobbersontheway.Buteventhoughthereweredangers,manygoodsweresentinbothdirections.在过去,沿着丝绸之路旅行非常具有挑战性。这些路穿过许多不同的国家。在路上还有遇到强盗的危险。但即使有危险,许多货物还是得以双向运送。FromMarcoPolo’swritings,weknowclearlysomeofthegoodsthatbusinessmentradedfromcountrytocountry.Chinesesilkwasthemostwell-knownandgavetheroaditsname,butthereweremanymore.FromtheEasttotheWest,tradeincludedtea,rice,paper,gunpowderandsoon.FromtheWesttotheEast,someexamplesarehorses,honeyandglass.从马可波罗的著作中,我们清楚地了解到一些商品,它们由商人从一个国家带到另一个国家进行贸易。中国丝绸最负盛名,并使得这条路命名为“丝绸之路”,但还有更多的商品。从东方到西方,贸易包括茶叶、大米、纸张和火药等。从西方到东方,马、蜂蜜和玻璃就是一些实例。Theexchangeofgoodswasofcourseveryimportant,andthearrivalintheWestofpaperandgunpowderhadabiginfluenceonlifethere.Butmorethangoods,theSilkRoadwasalsoresponsibleforexchangingandsharingourculturewithpeopleofalloftheplacesalongtheroads.商品交换当然是非常重要的,纸张和火药到达西方后,对那里的生活产生了很大影响。但丝绸之路不仅仅交换商品,它还与沿途的所有地方的人们交流和分享我们的文化。Tilltoday,theSilkRoadhasnotdisappeared.TravelersfromaroundtheworldtaketourstodifferentplacestoexperiencethedifferentculturesalongtheSilkRoad.直到今天,丝绸之路依然存在。来自世界各地的旅行者游览不同的地方,体验丝绸之路沿线的不同文化。4.FourgamesinoldtimesInoldtimes,peopledidn’thavesmartphonesorcomputerstouseforfun.Still,theyhadinterestinggamestoplay.Let’stakealook.在过去,人们没有智能手机或电脑用来娱乐。不过他们还是有有趣的游戏可玩。我们来看一看吧。Kiteshavequitealonghistory.Intheoldstory,MoDimadethefirstkite.Peoplefirstusedkitestosendmessages.IntheSongdynasty,kitesgotverypopularwithpeople.Now,Beijing,Tianjin,NantongandWeifangarethefourmostfamousplacesofmakingkites.风筝拥有悠久的历史。在古老的故事里,墨翟做了第一只风筝。人们最初用风筝来传递信息。在宋代,风筝非常受人们的欢迎。现在,北京、天津、南通和潍坊是制作风筝的四个最著名的地方。CujuisoldChinesesoccer.Thename“Cuju”firstcameoutinthebookRecordsoftheHistorianbySimaQian.Atfirst,soldiersplayedthegameastraining.IntheSongdynasty,thegamewasalltherageatthetime.Peopleacrossthecountrylovedplayingit.Womenalsoplayedthegame.蹴鞠是古老的中国式足球。“蹴鞠”一词最早出现在司马迁的《史记》中。起初,士兵们把这个游戏当作训练。在宋代,这个游戏风靡一时。全国各地的人们都喜欢玩这个游戏。女子也玩这个游戏。Chuiwanisaballgame.Itisabitlikegolf.ThegamegotpopularintheSongdynasty.ItwasstillpopularintheYuandynastyandtheMingdynasty.SomeoneintheYuandynastyevenwroteabookcalledWanJingforthegame.However,thegamegotlesspopularintheQingdynasty.捶丸是一种球类运动。它有点类似于高尔夫。这种游戏在宋代流行起来。在元代和明代仍然流行。元代甚至有人为这个游戏写了一本名叫《丸经》的书。然而,这个游戏在清代就不那么流行了。Go,orWeiqi,isagamefortwoplayers.Ithasahistoryofmorethan4,000years.Intheoldstory,Yaomadethegametoteachhisson.Peopleinoldtimesthoughtitwasagameforgentlemen.围棋是一种两人对弈的游戏。它有四千多年的历史。在古老的故事里,尧发明这个游戏是为了教导他的儿子。过去人们认为这是文人绅士的游戏。5.YueOperaYueOperaisalsocalledShaoxingOpera.JustlikeHuangmeiOpera,PingOpera,PekingOperaandYuOpera,itisoneofthefiveoperasinChina.Itisalsooneofthefirstnationalintangibleculturalheritages.YueOperaappearedinShengCounty,ZhejiangProvinceintheQingdynasty,andthenitbecamefamousinShanghaiinthe1920s.越剧也称绍兴戏。它与黄梅戏、评剧、京剧、豫剧一样,是中国五大戏曲剧种之一。它也是第一批国家级非物质文化遗产之一。在清朝期间,越剧起源于浙江嵊州,20世纪20年代在上海成名。YueOperaisfamousforsweetsinging,movingmusicandlivelyperformances.ThemainsubjectsofYueOperaarestoriesaboutexcellentgentlemenandbeautifulladies.AndmaininstrumentsareerhuandsomeothertraditionalChineseinstruments.越剧以委婉动听的唱腔、优美动人的乐曲和真切细腻的表演而闻名。越剧的主题是才子佳人的故事。主要乐器有二胡和其他一些中国传统乐器。YueOperawasfirstperformedbymalefarmerartistsinthecountryside.Later,itbecameapopularperformanceincities.ThefirstfemaletroupeofYueOperaappearedin1923,andthenfemaleperformerstooktheplaceofthemales.Now,almostallperformersarefemales.AmostfamousperformerofYueOperaisYuanXuefen.OneofherclassicsisLiangShanboandZhuYingtai.越剧最初是由农村的男性农民艺人表演。后来,它成为城市里一种流行的表演。第一个越剧女班于1923年出现,随后女班取代男班。现在,几乎所有的表演者都是女性。袁雪芬是一位非常著名的越剧演员。《梁山伯与祝英台》是她的经典作品之一。6.AfamousstoryConfuciuswasoneofthegreatesteducationistsinancientChina.HissonKongLiusedtostudytogetherwithhisstudents.孔子是中国古代最伟大的教育家之一。他的儿子孔鲤过去常和他的学生一起学习。Someofthestudentssaidinprivate,“OurteachermustcareaboutKongLimorethanusandteachhimmoreknowledgewhichwedon’thavechancestolearn.”Toconfirmtheirguess,onestudentnamedZiqinwenttoaskKongLi,“Youmusthavelearnedmorethanusfromourteacher,haven’tyou?”一些学生私下里说:“我们的老师关心孔鲤一定比关心我们多,并教他更多我们没有机会学习的知识。”为了证实他们的猜测,一个名叫子禽的学生去问孔鲤,“你一定比我们从老师那里学到了更多,不是吗?”KongLirepliedhonestly,“No,Ihaven’t.MyfatheronceaskedmewhetherIhadlearnedTheBookofSongs.Hetoldmethatmyspeechwouldn’tbelivelywithoutlearningit.Fromthenon,IbegantostudyTheBookofSongs.Anothertime,heaskedmewhetherIhadlearnedTheBookofRitesandsaidthatIcouldn’testablishmyselfinsocietywithoutlearningit.SoIbegantostudyit.Thesearethetwothingshehastaughtme.”孔鲤老老实实地回答:“没有。我父亲曾问我是否学过《诗经》。他告诉我,不学《诗经》,就不懂得怎么说话。从那时起,我就开始学习《诗经》。还有一次,他问我是否学过《礼记》,说我不学习《礼记》就不懂得怎样立身。所以我开始学习它。这是他教给我的两件事。”Ziqincheerfullyreturnedandtoldtheothers,“IaskedKongLionlyonequestion.However,Igotasmanyasthreeresults!Firstly,IknowtheimportanceoflearningTheBookofSongs.Secondly,IknowthevalueoflearningTheBookofRites.Asforthethird…NowIknowthatourteacheristreatingusthesamewayashetreatshisson.”子禽高高兴兴地回来告诉其他人:“我只问了孔鲤一个问题。然而,我获得了多达三个结果!首先,我知道了学习《诗经》的重要性。其次,我知道了学习《礼记》的价值。至于第三个……现在我知道,我们的老师对待我们,就像他对待他的儿子一样。”Fromthenon,thestudentsnolongermisunderstoodConfucius,andtheystudiedreallyhard.从那时起,学生们不再误解孔子,并且他们很努力地学习。1．PekingOperaPekingOperaisoneofChina'smajortraditionalartformsanditisconsideredasoneofthenationaltreasuresofChina.Itwasformedinthelate18thcenturyandbecamecompletelydevelopedinthemid－19thcentury.京剧是中国主要的传统艺术形式之一，被认为是中国的国宝之一。它形成于18世纪后期，并在19世纪中期完全发展起来。WhyisPekingOperahighlyrespectedinChina？ThemainreasonisthatitshowsrichChineseculture，includingwonderfulstories，paintingsandclothes.Itincludesfourmaintypesofperformerscalledsheng，dan，jingandchou.Shengisthemainmalerole.Forexample，youngmalecharactersareknownasxiaoshengandlaoshengisanolderrole.Danisthefemalerole，jingistheface－paintedroleandchouisamaleclownrole.为什么京剧在中国备受推崇？主要原因是它展示了丰富的中国文化，包括精彩的故事、绘画和服装。京剧含生、旦、净、丑四种主要类型的演员。生是主要的男性角色。例如，年轻的男性角色称作小生，老生是年长角色。旦是女性角色，净是花脸角色，丑是男性小丑角色。PekingOperatellsinterestingstoriesthroughmovement，singinganddancing.Someofthemarefromhistorybooks，butmostofthemarefromfamousnovels.TheperformanceitselftellsstoriesthathavebeenpasseddownforthousandsofyearsinChinesehistory.京剧通过动作、歌唱和舞蹈来讲述有趣的故事。其中，一些故事来自史书，但它大多数来自著名小说。表演本身讲述了中国历史上流传了几千年的故事。PekingOperahasbecomeanimportantoperaformforChineseaudience.IthasalsodrawnattentionfromWesternaudience.MoreandmoreWesternfansbegintolearntheart.对中国观众来说，京剧已成为一种重要的戏曲形式。它也吸引了西方观众的注意。越来越多的西方粉丝开始学习这项艺术。2．QipaoInrecentyears，ithasbecomepopularforwomentowearatraditionalqipaodress.Especiallyduringthegaokao,manymotherswearqipaostowishtheirchildrengoodluckintheexam.Theybelieve“qipao”standsfortheChinesemeaning“qikaidesheng”．近年来，女性穿传统旗袍已经变得十分流行。特别是在高考期间，许多母亲会穿上旗袍，祝愿她们的孩子考试顺利。她们认为“旗袍”象征“旗开得胜”。SomeexpertsbelievetheqipaooriginatedfromgownsintheQingDynasty.InfluencedbyWesternculture，itchangedcontinuallyduringtheearly20thcentury，becomingmorefittedandbody-hugging.Nowadays，theqipaoismainlydividedintoBeijingstyles，ShanghaistylesandHongKongstyles.一些专家认为旗袍起源于清朝的长袍。受西方文化的影响，在20世纪初，旗袍不断地发生变化，变得更加合身和紧身。如今，旗袍主要分为京派、海派和港派。TheBeijing-styleqipaoismoretraditionalthantheothertwostyles.Itscoloursaremuchbrighter.High-qualityBeijing-styleqipaosareusuallymadebyhand，sothepriceismuchhigher.京派旗袍比另外两派更传统。它的颜色要鲜艳得多。高品质的京派旗袍通常是手工制作的，所以价格要高得多。Shanghai-styleqipaosaremorefashionablethanBeijing-styleones.MoreWesternelementsareusedinthedesignsandcolours.Shanghai-styleqipaosbecamethemostpopularstylearoundthe1930sbecauseofthefashionabledesignandslimshape.Now，they'restillthefirstchoiceformostwomen，especiallyamongyoungerones.海派旗袍比京派旗袍更时尚。它在设计和颜色上运用了更多的西方元素。因其时尚的设计和修身的版型，海派旗袍在20世纪30年代成为最流行的风格。现在，它们仍然是大多数女性——尤其是年轻女性的首选。HongKong-styleqipaoshavebeeninfluencedgreatlybyEuropeanfashions.Theyhaveshortersleevesthantheothertwo.Thedecorationsaresimplertoo.港派旗袍很大程度上受到欧洲时尚的影响。它们的袖子比另外两派短，装饰也更简单。TheqipaoisaveryclassicproducttostandforthebeautyoftraditionalChineseclothing.ItshowsnotonlythehistoryoftheHanpeople，butalsothefootprintsofotherculturesontheland.旗袍是代表中国传统服装之美的经典之作。它不仅展示了汉族人民的历史，也展示了这片土地上其他文化的足迹。3．FourTreasuresoftheStudyInancientChina，thestudywascalledwenfang.Thewritingbrush，ink，paperandinkstonearecommonlyusedinthestudy，sotheywerecalledthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”orwenfangsibao.在中国古代，书房被称为“文房”。毛笔、墨水、纸张和砚台是书房常用的物品，因此它们被称为“文房四宝”。ThewritingbrushisaspecialwritingandpaintingtoolinancientChina.Brushesareusuallymadeofanimalhair.Rabbithairwasthefirsttobeused.Accordingtotherecord，humanhairwerealsousedtomakebrushes.毛笔是中国古代一种特殊的书写和绘画工具。笔毫通常由动物毛发制成，最早使用的是兔毛。据记载，人类的头发也曾被用来制作笔毫。Inkisablackmaterialusedincalligraphyandpainting.Itwasbornlaterthanthewritingbrush.AftertheHanandWeidynasties，ink－makingtechnologybecamemoreandmoredeveloped，andHuizhoubecamethenationalink－makingcentreintheMingDynasty.The“HuiInk”producedthereisfamousallovertheworld.墨水是一种用于书法和绘画的黑色材料。它比毛笔诞生得晚。汉魏之后，制墨技术变得越来越发达。明朝时期，徽州成为全国制墨中心。那里生产的“徽墨”闻名世界。PapermakingwasinventedintheWesternHanDynastyandimprovedbyCaiLunduringtheEasternHanDynasty.AftertheSongDynasty，withpapermakingtechnologyimprovinggradually，moreandmoretypesofpaperappeared.ThemostfamousoneisXuanpaper，whichisnamedafterancientXuanzhoubecauseitwasproducedthere.Xuanpaperisthinbuttough，anddoesn'tchangecoloureasily.So，it'sknownasthe“PaperofAges”．造纸术发明于西汉，东汉时期蔡伦改进了造纸术。宋朝之后，随着造纸术的逐步发展，出现了越来越多的纸型。最著名的是宣纸，它以古代宣州命名，因为它产自那里。宣纸薄而韧，不易变色。因此，它被称为“千年古纸”。Theinkstoneisanecessarytoolforgrinding(研磨)ink.IntheQingDynasty，peoplecarvedsomepatternsonit.Sincethen，theinkstonehasnotonlybeenpractical，butalsohadthevalueofcollectionandappreciation.砚台是研磨墨汁的必要工具。在清代，人们在砚台上雕刻一些图案。从那时起，砚台不仅具有实用价值，而且具有收藏和鉴赏价值。4．TaiChiTaiChihasalwaysbeenasymbolofChinesecultureandisbecomingpopulararoundtheworld.太极一直是中国文化的象征，并且在世界各地越来越受欢迎。OnethingthatmakesTaiChipopularisitsvalueinhealth.Asyoumove，youbreathedeeplyandnaturally，payingyourattentiontoyourbody.Thishelpsyourelaxandfindpeaceinyourmind.AccordingtoHarvardHealthPublishing，TaiChiissuitableforalmostanyone，fromhealthypeopletothosewhohavedisease.Thisisbecauseitsmovementsareneverforced—themusclesarerelaxed.太极在健康方面的价值是它受欢迎的一个原因。当你运动时，你自然地深呼吸，把注意力集中在你的身体上，这有助于你放松并在头脑中找到平静。根据哈佛健康出版社的研究，从健康的人到患有疾病的人，太极几乎适合所有人。这是因为它的动作从不激烈——肌肉是放松的。WhatmakesTaiChievenmoreinterestingmightbethephilosophicalideasbehindit.Theword“TaiChi”comesfromTaoism，whichthinksthatinaction，oppositetoaction，isthewaytosolveproblems.That'swhyTaiChimovementsareslowandsoft.Itisnotusedtofightanenemy；itisusedtoprotectyourself.Thatdoesn'tmeanitisweakthough.ThesecretofTaiChiistousesoftnesstobeathardness.太极更有趣的可能是它背后的哲学思想。“太极”这个词来自道家，道家认为无为，而非有为，是解决问题的方式。这就是太极动作缓慢而柔和的原因。它不是用来对付敌人的，它是用来保护自己的。但这并不意味着它很弱。太极的秘密是以柔克刚。WhenyouthinkofTaiChi，youmightthinkofthefamousyin－yangdiagram.ItshowshowancientChinesepeoplesawtheworld.Theworldisfullofyinandyang:darkandlight，softandhard，maleandfemale，lifeanddeath.Buttheydonotabsolutelyoppositeeachother.Afteradarknight，thesunwillrise.Leavesfallinautumnbutgrowinspring.Everythingkeepscha