中考英语动词短语辨析及练习

中考英语动词短语辨析及练习同学们，大家好！在中考英语的备考路上，动词短语无疑是一块需要我们重点攻克的“阵地”。它们数量众多，搭配灵活，含义丰富，且常常是中考阅读理解、完形填空以及书面表达等题型的考查重点。很多同学在学习时，常常会被“lookup”和“lookfor”、“puton”和“putup”这类短语搞得晕头转向。别担心，今天我们就一起来系统地梳理和辨析一些中考高频动词短语，并通过练习来巩固提升。一、高频动词短语分类辨析动词短语的构成方式主要有“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”以及“动词+名词+介词”等。我们将选取一些核心动词，对其常考短语进行辨析。（一）与“put”相关的短语“put”这个小词看似简单，但与不同的介词或副词搭配，含义就大相径庭。1.putup*含义：举起；张贴；搭建；留宿*例句：*Pleaseputupyourhandifyouhaveanyquestions.(举起)*Theyputupaposteronthewall.(张贴)*Wecanputupatenthereforthenight.(搭建)*MyfriendputmeupwhenIvisitedBeijing.(留宿)2.puton*含义：穿上（衣服、鞋帽等）；上演（戏剧等）；增加（体重）*例句：*It'scoldoutside.Putonyourcoat.(穿上)*Theschoolwillputonanewplaynextmonth.(上演)*Hehasputonfivekilossincelastyear.(增加体重)3.putoff*含义：推迟，拖延*例句：*WehavetoputoffthemeetinguntilnextMondaybecausethemanagerisill.(推迟)*Don'tputofftoday'sworktilltomorrow.(拖延)4.putout*含义：熄灭（火、灯等）；伸出；出版*例句：*Pleaseputoutyourcigarettebeforeenteringthelibrary.(熄灭)*Thegirlputoutherhandtocatchthebutterfly.(伸出)*Thispublishinghouseputsoutmanygoodbookseveryyear.(出版)辨析小贴士：“putup”的含义较多，要根据上下文判断；“puton”强调穿的动作，而“wear”强调穿的状态；“putoff”后接名词或动名词作宾语。（二）与“take”相关的短语“take”也是一个“多面手”，其短语在中考中出现频率极高。1.takeoff*含义：（飞机等）起飞；脱下（衣服等）；突然成功；休假*例句：*Theplanewilltakeoffintenminutes.(起飞)*Takeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringtheroom.(脱下)*Hiscareerreallytookoffafterthatfilm.(突然成功)*I'mgoingtotakeafewdaysoffnextweek.(休假)2.takein*含义：吸收；理解，领会；欺骗；收留*例句：*Plantstakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen.(吸收)*Ittookmealongtimetotakeinwhathesaid.(理解)*Shewastakeninbyhischarmingwords.(欺骗)*Thekindoldladytookinthehomelessboy.(收留)3.takeout*含义：拿出，取出；带（某人）出去*例句：*Hetookouthiswalletandpaidforthemeal.(拿出)*Myparentsoftentakemeoutfordinneronweekends.(带出去)4.takeup*含义：开始从事（爱好、职业等）；占据（时间、空间）*例句：*Shetookuppaintingwhensheretired.(开始从事)*Thistabletakesuptoomuchspaceinthesmallkitchen.(占据)辨析小贴士：“takeoff”的“起飞”和“脱下”含义在语境中较易区分；“takein”的“欺骗”含义要特别注意，不要望文生义。（三）与“look”相关的短语“look”常与不同介词搭配，表示各种“看”的方式和结果。1.lookup*含义：查阅（词典、资料等）；向上看*例句：*Youcanlookupnewwordsinadictionary.(查阅)*Helookedupandsawabirdflyinginthesky.(向上看)2.lookfor*含义：寻找（强调动作）*例句：*I'mlookingformylostkeys.Haveyouseenthem?(寻找)3.lookafter*含义：照顾，照料*例句：*CouldyouhelpmelookaftermycatwhileI'maway?(照顾)4.lookforwardto*含义：期待，盼望（to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）*例句：*Wearealllookingforwardtothesummerholiday.(期待)*I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.(盼望)辨析小贴士：“lookfor”强调找的动作，“find”强调找到的结果；“lookforwardto”中的“to”是介词，这是中考常考点，务必牢记。（四）与“get”相关的短语“get”构成的短语非常活跃，在口语和书面语中都很常见。1.getup*含义：起床；站起来*例句：*Iusuallygetupatsixthirtyinthemorning.(起床)*Hegotupfromhischairtogreetus.(站起来)2.geton*含义：上车（公交车、火车等）；进展；相处*例句：*Wegotonthebusandheadedforthepark.(上车)*Howareyougettingonwithyournewproject?(进展)*Shegetsonwellwithherclassmates.(相处)3.getoff*含义：下车；离开；脱下（衣服等，非正式）*例句：*Getoffatthenextstopandyou'llseethehospital.(下车)*IthinkIshouldgetoffnow;it'slate.(离开)4.getover*含义：克服（困难、疾病等）；从（不快中）恢复过来*例句：*Shefinallygotoverherfearofspeakinginpublic.(克服)*Ittookhimalongtimetogetoverhiscold.(恢复)辨析小贴士：“geton/off”通常指上下大型交通工具，如bus,train,plane；而“getinto/outof”则用于小型交通工具，如car,taxi。（五）其他重要动词短语1.giveup放弃（后接名词或动名词）*Don'tgiveupeasily;keeptrying!*Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.2.makeup组成；编造；化妆；和解*Girlsmakeup56%ofthestudentpopulationinourschool.(组成)*Hemadeupanexcuseforbeinglate.(编造)*Shespendsanhourmakingupeverymorning.(化妆)*Theyarguedyesterday,butmadeuptoday.(和解)3.breakdown（机器）出故障；（身体、精神）垮掉；分解*Ourcarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport.(出故障)*Underthepressure,hefinallybrokedown.(垮掉)*Foodbreaksdowninthestomach.(分解)4.turnon/off打开/关闭（电器、水源、煤气等）*Pleaseturnonthelight;it'stoodark.*Don'tforgettoturnofftheTVbeforeleaving.5.turnup/down调大/调小（音量、温度等）*Couldyouturnupthemusicalittle?Ican'thearit.*Pleaseturndowntheradio;I'mtryingtostudy.二、动词短语实战演练理论学习之后，实战练习是检验和巩固成果的最佳途径。请同学们认真完成以下练习。（一）单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A.takeupB.putupC.useupD.makeup2.Ifyoudon'tknowthemeaningoftheword,youcan______it______inadictionary.A.look;forB.look;upC.look;afterD.look;out3.Thesportsmeetinghadtobe______becauseoftheheavyrain.A.putoffB.putonC.putupD.putdown4.He______hiscoatandwentout.A.putoffB.putupC.putonD.putaway5.Weareall______seeingouroldfriendsattheschoolreunion.A.lookinguptoB.lookingforwardtoC.lookingoutforD.lookingbackon（二）用括号内所给动词短语的适当形式填空，使句子完整通顺。1.She______(takeup)playingthepianowhenshewasfiveyearsold.2.Youneedto______(getover)yourshynessifyouwanttobeagoodspeaker.3.Thefiremenworkedhardto______(putout)thebigfire.4.He______(giveup)smokingthreeyearsagoandhasbeenhealthysincethen.5.Couldyoupleasehelpme______(lookafter)mydogwhileI'monvacation?（三）完形填空（节选）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Lastyear,Idecidedto______(1)anewhobby.Ihadalwaysbeeninterestedinmusic,soIthoughtaboutlearningtoplaytheguitar.Myfriend,whoplaysverywell,offeredtoteachme.Atfirst,itwasverydifficult.Myfingershurt,andIcouldn'trememberthechords.Ialmostwantedto______(2).Butmyfriendencouragedmetokeepgoing....Afterseveralmonthsofpractice,Icouldplaysomesimplesongs.IwassohappythatIdidn't______(3)halfway.Now,playingtheguitarisoneofmyfavoritethingstodo.Itnotonlybringsmejoybutalsohelpsme______(4)stress.1.A.takeoffB.takeupC.takeinD.takeout2.A.giveupB.putupC.makeupD.getup3.A.getoffB.turnoffC.giveupD.putoff4.A.takeoffB.getoverC.lookafterD.breakdown三、练习答案与解析（一）单项选择1.A.takeup*解析：takeup表示“占据（时间、空间）”。句意为“我妈妈经常告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。”useup也有“用完，耗尽”的意思，但更侧重于资源的耗尽，此处“占据时间”用takeup更贴切。2.B.look;up*解析：lookup表示“查阅（词典、资料等）”。lookfor寻找；lookafter照顾；lookout小心。3.A.putoff*解析：putoff表示“推迟”。句意为“由于大雨，运动会不得不被推迟。”puton穿上，上演；putup举起，张贴；putdown放下，写下。4.C.puton*解析：puton表示“穿上”。putoff推迟；putup举起，张贴；putaway收好。5.B.lookingforwardto*解析：lookforwardto表示“期待”，to是介词，后接动名词seeing。lookupto尊敬；lookoutfor留意；lookbackon回顾。（二）用括号内所给动词短语的适当形式填空1.tookup*解析：句意为“她五岁时开始学习弹钢琴。”take