英语语法名词和动词

语法

Grammar

名词

n.1（一）概述

名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：人的名字LiMing,Tom,Gina地方名称China,London,England职业称呼teacher,doctor,worker物品名称pencil,dictionary,pencil-case行为名称study,invention抽象概念history,grammar你还能想到什么呢？2（二）名词的分类专有名词&普通名词可数名词&不可数名词31．专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。如：Mary，Beijing，Americans,English，May,Saturday,EasterGonewiththeWind…

2．普通名词除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如：boy，classroom，book,bag,aunt,family,juice,milk,age,childhood…4分类：专有名词（√）

or普通名词（×）？Saturday,tea,Zhanghua,rain,WestLake，enemy,computer,beauty,Mrs.Greenweather,peace,ice-cream,Russians,JourneytotheWest

√√√√√√××××××××51.可数名词（

countablenoun）/[C]可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,day,zoo…2.不可数名词（uncountablenoun）/[U]不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如:water,milk,coffee,tea,

rice,bread,work,study,love6分类：可数名词（√）

or不可数名词（×）？boy,knife,peace,potato,wind,tomato,hero,music,pleasure,map,radio,technology,desk,egg√√√×√√√√√××××√7大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流8当然，也有特殊的哦～！1.既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：可数不可数glasspapertimeorangeadvicetiniron…玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃报纸，试卷纸张次数，时代时间橙，橘子橙汁，橙色劝告;建议

通知，公函，消息锡

罐头铁

熨斗

9在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：

money，

bread，

hair，meat，

furniture，

rice

，news…因此，平时要多积累哦～！10可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化：①一般情况在词尾加-s：desk→desks；day→days；girl→girls②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-es：

bus→buses；box→boxes；watch→watches③以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-es：

family→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→parties④以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es:knife→knives;life→lives;wife→wives;half→halvesImportant!!!11Let’spractice~!I.写出下列名词的复数形式：house________2.village________3.map__________4.orange_________5.bag___________7.dish__________8.family___________9.boy___________10.monkey__________11.box__________12.knife__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.leaf__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches122.不规则变化：1）以o结尾加-es：

potato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes

Negro→Negroes…2)字母a变e:man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,policeman-policemen…3)字母oo变ee:tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese…但：German→Germanshuman→humans134)单复数同形：sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fishChinese-Chinese,Japanese→Japanesecattle→cattle…5)其他：child→children,mouse→mice,medium→media,basis→bases…14不同国籍的人的复数形式：1）加-s:AustralianAustraliansRussianRussiansItalianItaliansGreekGreeksAmericanAmericansIndianIndiansCanadianCanadiansGermanGermans2)变a为e：EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen3）单复数同形：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseSwissSwiss

15Exercises~!1.match__________2.man_________3.German__________4.tomato_________5.policeman________6.kilo__________7.human_________8.potato___________9.Chinese__________10.shelf__________11.Japanese_______12.American________13.life___________14.tooth__________15.wife___________16.foot___________17.knife__________18.sheep__________19.half___________20.key_____________matchesmenGermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoesChineseshelvesJapaneseAmericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalveskeys163.合成名词的复数形式：

有主体时，主体变为复数

father-in-lawfathers-in-law(岳父，公公）无主体时，结尾加“

s”grown-upgrown-ups（成年人）

go-betweengo-betweens（媒介者;中间人）

如果其中有man或者woman，则两个都要变复数

womandoctorwomendoctorsmandoctormendoctors17Canyoutry???把下列名词变复数形式：looker-onwomansingersister-in-lawmancookpasser-byhousewifebride-to-bewomandoctorschoolroomlookers-onwomensingerssisters-in-lawmencookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-bewomendoctorsschoolrooms18名词n.Period2191、orange_______2、class_________

3、text________4、monkey_________

5、piano________6、child_________

7、shelf________8、bed__________

9、country________10、family_________

11、toy__________12、foot___________

13、Japanese_______14、radio___________

15、photo_________16.army___________17.cattle__________18.Australian________Brainstorm~!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliestoysfeetJapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleAustralians20Let’slearnmore~!21不可数名词的量的表达：可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量,如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof…一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米abagofrice十包大米tenbagsofrice*可数名词也可以这样表达量,但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges也就是短语里面可数名词要变复数的都变复数哦～！22常用量词总结aglassof一玻璃杯acupof一杯abottleof一瓶abagof一包，一袋aboxof一盒；一箱apieceof一张(一片,块)akiloof一公斤；一千克abasketof一篮apairof一对，一双，一副agroupof一群，一队，一组23Let’stry~!1、三杯水2、五杯茶3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶8、五块肉9、一副眼镜threeglassesofwaterfivecupsofteaakiloofricetwentyboxesofbooksthreebasketsofvegetableseightpairsofshoestenglassesofmilkfivepiecesofmeatapairofglasses24名词所有格：25一.用名词所有格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir________home.(grandparents)2.The_________shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_________clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy______cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_______stables.(horses)Exercisesgrandparents’boys’/boy’smen’sfriends’horses’266.

Doyouknowwherethis_______handbagis?(lady)7.

Manyofmy________houseswererobbed.(neighbors)8.The________uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe__________toys.(children)lady’sneighbors'players’children’s271.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan2.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday3.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’4.Thewomanoverthereis______mother.A.JuliaandShelley’sB.Julia’sandShelley’sC.JuliaandShelleyD.Julia’sandShelley

二.选择填空：28Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.

主语Thisisapencil-box.表语IlikeEnglish,butIlikeChinesebetter.宾语OurEnglishteacherisdrinkingwater.定语Mr.Black,ourteacher,isfromEngland.同位语Iamgoingtoseeafilmthisevening.状语MissWangisconsideredagoodteacher.

补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语名词的功能29ExercisesP331.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语6.定语7.补语30Review：一.变复数：

1.Chinese__________2.shelf__________3.Russian_________4.American________5.life___________6.tooth__________7.deer___________8.piano__________9.mouse__________10.goose__________11.hero__________12.Swiss__________ChineseshelvesRussiansAmericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesSwiss31一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一公斤；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组aglassof二、常用量词总结acupofabottleofabagofaboxofapieceofakiloofabasketofapairofagroupof321.TodayisSeptember10th.It's________Day.A.TeacherB.Teacher'sC.Teachers'D.Teacher'2.Thisis________ball.It'snot________.A.theboy's,girl'sB.theboy's,thegirl'sC.theboy,thegirlD.boys',girls3.Thisyear,________isonMay9th.A.mymother'sbrithdayB.mymothers'brithdayC.mymothersbrithdayD.mymothers'sbrithday4.Theseare________books.LiLinboughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore.A.LiLin'sandJillB.LiLinandJill'sC.LiLin'sandJillD.LiLin'sandJill's

三、名词所有格33动词v.语法Grammar34一、概述

动词是表示动作或状态的词。如：help，see，go，come,run,fly,look,seem,get,become,can,may…35动词的基本形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词Important～！36第三人称单数:37过去式与过去分词（规则变化）

38 Exercises按要求写出动词的形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词原形washeswashingwashedwashedmatchesmatchingmatchedmatchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmakingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatcheswatchingwatchedwatchedguessesguessingguessedguessed39

9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词studiesstudiedstudiedstudyingfinishesfinishingfinishedfinishedgoesgoingwentgonesnowssnowingsnowedsnowedcarriescarryingcarriedcarriedteachesteachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsaidsaid40动词Period2&341Let’sreviewwhatwelearnedyesterday~!42

1.destroy2.catch3.dance4.worry5.get6.wash7.sing8.come原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词

destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworriesworryingworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwasheswashingwashedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescomingcamecomedestroyed43动词的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时441、一般现在时的标志词：

every…时间状语（如everyday）,onSundays,attheweekend,often,always,sometimes,usually，没标志等。如：Shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkbybus.2、一般过去时的标志词：

yesterday;“in+过去年、月份”，last…短语；…ago短语；justnow,once(从前)。如：Iwenttoseeafilmyesterday.Sheworkedinthatfactorylastyear.45用适当的动词形式填空：ExercisesⅠ1.There______atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)2.Peopleusually_____(eat)dinnerintheevening.3.Hissisteralways_____(go)toschoolat7:00a.m.4.TomandMary________(come)toChinalastmonth.5.JennyandDannysometimes______(play)gamesintheafternoon.6.Mike__________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.

waseatgoescameplaydidn’tgo467.Mymother_________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.8.She____________(notvisit)heraunttwodaysago.9.There_____(be)noonehereamomentago.10.LinTao______(like)hisnewsweater.11.There________(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.12.Where_____you______(have)luncheveryday?

didn’tdodidn’tvisitwaslikesweren’tdohave473、一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning…);next…时间状语；soon;“in+一段时间”；“in+未来年、月份”；beforelongMarywillgoshoppingtomorrow.Janeisgoingtotravelabroadintwodays.4、现在进行时的标志词：now;thesedays;look(at…);listen(to…)等Look!Thecatischasingthemouse.Mysisterisdoingherhomeworknow.48ExercisesⅡ~!1.He___________(come)backinaweek.2.She__________(be)aconductorofatrainsoon.3.Listen!She____________(sing)intheclassroom.4.LiMing________(be)tenyearsoldnextyear.5.Look!Theboyoverthere_______(play)amodelplane.6.China__________(become)amodernandstrongcountrybeforelong.willcomewillbeissingingwillbeisplayingwillbecome497.Weoften______(buy)booksandthingslikethatintheshop.8.I______（leave）inaminute.I_____（finish）allmyworkbeforeI______（leave）.9.----Whatareyoudoing?----I_________(do)myhomework.10.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________(watch)avolleyballmatch.11.They________(hold)abirthdaypartythisSunday.12.______you_______(work)hardfromnowon?buywillleavewillfinishleaveamdoingwillwatchwillholdWillwork505、现在完成时的标志词：already;yet;just;ever;never;“for+一段时间”，“since…短语或从句”等Ihavealreadyspentallofmymoney.Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.51ExercisesⅢ~!I

already

(see)thefilm.I____

(see)itlastweek.2.—

he

(finish)hisworktoday?—Notyet.3.—

you

(be)toHongKong?

—Yes,I

___(be)theretwice.4.

Myfather

just

(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.5.—Where'sLiMing?—He

(go)totheteacher'soffice.

haveseenHasfinishedHavebeenhavebeenhascomehasgonesaw526.

I

(work)heresinceI

(move)herein1999.7.SofarI

(make)quiteafewfriendshere.8.—Howlong

theWangs

(stay)here?

—Fortwoweeks.haveworkedmovedhavemadehavestayed53Remember?

Whathavewelearned?

Let’sreviewagain~!54ExercisesⅣ用动词的适当形式填空：1.Tom____________(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.2.I__________(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.3.______youruncle________(have)ameetinglastFriday?4.Howmanyclasses______you_______(have)everyday?5.It'ssevenintheevening,Tom'sfamily_____________(wat