大气CO2浓度和温度升高对稻田N2O排放的影响和机理

[16]。我们的研究结果表明，在常温条件下，CO2浓度升高（+200μmolmol-1）会增加稻田土壤的N2O排放量，而在升温（+2°C）条件下则不会。这可能是由于在常温条件下，CO2浓度升高（+200μmolmol-1）增加了稻田土壤中的氮转化微生物比率（AOA+AOB+nirS+nirK）/nosZ，而在升温（+2°C）条件下没有增加。稻田的N2O排放量是N2O生成、转化和迁移的综合结果。计算硝化和反硝化反应过程中（AOA+AOB+nirS+nirK）/nosZ的N2O生成量和消耗量，可以更准确地分析土壤硝化和反硝化过程对稻田N2O排放的贡献。有趣的是，升温（+2°C）显著增强了CO2浓度升高(+200μmolmol-1)对N2O通量的增加效应（增加1.1kgha-1），升温将进一步加剧CO2浓度升高导致的全球气候变化风险。由于未来气候、环境和管理因素的不同，以及CO2浓度和温度同时升高的变化情景，N2O的排放存在固有的变异性。因此，今后有必要开展涉及多个CO2和温度处理的多季节研究，以有力地验证本研究的结果。参考文献ZHUX,BURGERM,DOANETA,etal.AmmoniaoxidationpathwaysandnitrifierdenitrificationaresignificantsourcesofN2OandNOunderlowoxygenavailability[J].ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,2013,110(16):6328-6333.SCHLESINGERWH.Onthefateofanthropogenicnitrogen[J].ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,2009106(1):203-208.Bhattacharyya,P.,Roy,K.S.,Neogi,S.,Dash,P.K.,Nayak,A.K.,Mohanty,S.,Baig,M.J.,Sarkar,P.K.,Rao,K.S.2013.ImpactofelevatedCO2andtemperatureonsoilCandNdynamicsinrelationtoCH4andN2Oemissionsfromtropicalfloodedrice(OryzasativaL.).Scienceofthetotalenvironment,461:601–611.于海洋,王天宇,黄琼,等.CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响-Meta分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2022,52(3):517-527.CHENGW.GlobalwarmingandmethaneemissionhowdidtheelevatedCO2affectCH4emissionfromricepaddy[J].Kagakutosbutsu,2008,33(5):539-543.杨蕙琳,娄运生,刘燕,等.夜间增温品种混栽对稻田土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,2021,41(02):553-564.WangB,LiJL,WanYF,eta1.Responsesofyield,CH4andN2OemissionstoelevatedatmospherictemperatureandCO2concentrationinadoublericecroppingsystem[J].EuropeanJournalofAgronomy,2018,96:60—69.WangB,LiJ,WanY,LiYe,QinX,GaoQ,WaqasMA,WilkesA,CaiW,YouS,ZhouS.Responsesofyield,CH4andN2OemissionstoelevatedatmospherictemperatureandCO2concentrationinadoublericecroppingsystem[J].EuropeanJournalofAgronomy,2018,96:60-9.NOAA-ESRL.Earth'sCO2HomePage[EB/OL].(2025-02-01)[2025-02-01].https://www.co2.earth/daily–co2IPCC.ClimateChange2013:ThePhysicalScienceBasis.WorkingGroupIContributiontotheFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[M].NewYork,USA:CambridgeUniversityPress,2013.IPCC.TechnicalSummary:Globalwarmingof1.5℃.AnIPCCSpecialReportontheimpactsofglobalwarmingof1.5℃abovepre–industriallevelsandrelatedglobalgreenhousegasemissionpathways,inthecontextofstrengtheningtheglobalresponsetothethreatofclimatechange,sustainabledevelopment,andeffortstoeradicatepoverty[M].Geneva,Switzerland,2019.WMO.TheStateofGreenhouseGasesintheAtmosphereBasedonGlobalObservationsthrough2021[J].Weatherclimatewater,2022.QiuY,JiangY,GuoL,BurkeyKO,ZobelRW,ShewHD,HuS.ContrastingWarmingandOzoneEffectsonDenitrifiersDominateSoilN2OEmissions[J].EnvironSciTechnol,2018,52(19):10956-66.SunH,ZhouS,FuZ,ChenG,ZouG,SongX.Atwo-yearfieldmeasurementofmethaneandnitrousoxidefluxesfromricepaddiesundercontrastingclimateconditions[J].SciRep,2016,6:28255.WaqasMA,LiYe,AshrafMN,AhmedW,WangB,SardarMF,MaP,LiR,WanY,KuzyakovY.Long-termwarmingandelevatedCO2increaseammonia-oxidizingmicrobialcommunitiesandacceleratenitrificationinpaddysoil[J].AppliedSoilEcology,2021,166.SunX,HanX,PingF,ZhangL,ZhangK,ChenM,WuW.Effectofrice-strawbiocharonnitrousoxideemissionsfrompaddysoilsunderelevatedCO2andtemperature[J].SciTotalEnviron,2018,628-629:1009-16.ShahF,WuW.SoilandCropManagementStrategiestoEnsureHigherCropProductivitywithinSustainableEnvironments[J].2019,11(5):1485.LiC,ZhuJ-g,ShaL-n,ZhangJ-s,ZengQ,LiuG.Rice(OryzasativaL.)growthandnitrogendistributionunderelevatedCO2concentrationandairtemperature[J].EcologicalResearch,2017,32(3):405-11.WangB,LiR,WanY,LiY,CaiW,GuoC,QinX,SongC,WilkesA.AirwarmingandCO2enrichmentcausemoreammoniavolatilizationfromricepaddies:AnOTCfieldstudy[J].SciTotalEnviron,2021,752:142071.KumarA,PadhySR,DasRR,ShahidM,DashPK,SenapatiA,PanneerselvamP,KumarU,ChatterjeeD,AdakT,TripathiR,NayakPK,NayakAK.ElucidatingrelationshipbetweennitrousoxideemissionandfunctionalsoilmicrobesfromtropicallowlandricesoilexposedtoelevatedCO2:Apathmodellingapproach[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2021,308.GaoH,TianH,ZhangZ,XiaX.Warming-inducedgreenhousegasfluxesfromglobalcroplandsmodifiedbyagriculturalpractices:Ameta-analysis[J].SciTotalEnviron,2022,820:153288.LiuY,GuoZ,XueC,GaoW,WangG,LiuX.ChangesinN2-fixationactivity,abundanceandcompositionofdiazotrophiccommunitiesinawheatfieldunderelevatedCO2andcanopywarming[J].AppliedSoilEcology,2021,165.DuY,GuoX,LiJ,LiuY,LuoJ,LiangY,LiT.Elevatedcarbondioxidestimulatesnitrousoxideemissioninagriculturalsoils:Aglobalmeta-analysis[J].Pedosphere,2022,32(1):3-14WuZ,WangY,LiuC,YinN,HuZ,ShenL,IslamA,WeiZ,ChenS.CharacteristicsofsoilN2OemissionandN2O-producingmicrobialcommunitiesinpaddyfieldsunderelevatedCO2concentrations[J].EnvironPollut,2023,318:120872.YuH,ZhangG,MaJ,WangT,SongK,HuangQ,ZhuC,JiangQ,ZhuJ,XuH.ElevatedatmosphericCO2reducesCH4andN2OemissionsundertwocontrastingricecultivarsfromasubtropicalpaddyfieldinChina[J].Pedosphere,2022,32(5):707-17.LiL,ZhengZ,WangW,BiedermanJA,XuX,RanQ,QianR,XuC,ZhangB,WangF,ZhouS,CuiL,CheR,HaoY,CuiX,XuZ,WangY.TerrestrialN2Oemissionsandrelatedfunctionalgenesunderclimatechange:Aglobalmeta-analysis[J].GlobChangBiol,2020,26(2):931-43.XingX,TangY,XuH,QinH,LiuY,ZhangW,ChenA,ZhuB.WarmingShapesnirS-andnosZ-TypeDenitrifierCommunitiesandStimulatesN2OEmissioninAcidicPaddySoil[J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,2021,87(12):e0296520.HuY,ChangX,LinX,WangY,WangS,DuanJ,ZhangZ,YangX,LuoC,XuG,ZhaoX.EffectsofwarmingandgrazingonN2OfluxesinanalpinemeadowecosystemontheTibetanplateau[J].SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,2010,42(6):944-52.LiuL,HuC,YangP,JuZ,OlesenJE,TangJ.Experimentalwarming-drivensoildryingreducedN2Oemissionsfromfertilizedcroprotationsofwinterwheat–soybean/fallow,2009–2014[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2016,219:71-82.SunLY,MaYC,LiB,XiaoC,FanLX,XiongZQ.Nitrogenfertilizerincombinationwithanameliorantmitigatedyield-scaledgreenhousegasemissionsfromacoastalsalinericefieldinsoutheasternChina[J].EnvironmentalScienceandPollutionResearch,2018,25(16):15896-908.LongSP,AinsworthEA,RogersA,OrtDR.Risingatmosphericcarbondioxide:plantsFACEthefuture[J].Annualreviewofplantbiology,2004,55:591-628.AinsworthEA,LongSP.Whathavewelearnedfrom15yearsoffree-airCO2enrichment(FACE)?Ameta-analyticreviewoftheresponsesofphotosynthesis,canopypropertiesandplantproductiontorisingCO2[J].NewPhytol,2005,165(2):351-71.BloomAJ,BurgerM,AsensioJSR,CousinsAB.CarbondioxideenrichmentinhibitsnitrateassimilationinwheatandArabidopsis[J].Science,2010,328(5980):899-903.HikosakaK,IshikawaK,BorjigidaiA,MullerO,OnodaY.Temperatureacclimationofphotosynthesis:mechanismsinvolvedinthechangesintemperaturedependenceofphotosyntheticrate[J].JournalofExperimentalBotany,2005,57(2):291-302.NiuS,LuoY,LiD,CaoS,XiaJ,LiJ,SmithMD.Plantgrowthandmortalityunderclimaticextremes:Anoverview[J].EnvironmentalandExperimentalBotany,2014,98:13-9.WangB,LiYe,WanY,QinX,GaoQ,LiuS,LiJ.ModifyingnitrogenfertilizerpracticescanreducegreenhousegasemissionsfromaChinesedoublericecroppingsystem[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2016,215:100-9.SadokW,LopezJR,SmithKP.Transpirationincreasesunderhigh-temperaturestress:Potentialmechanisms,trade-offsandprospectsforcropresilienceinawarmingworld[J].Plant,cell&environment,2021,44(7):2102-16.张锦源,李彦生,于镇华,谢志煌,刘俊杰,王光华,刘晓冰,吴俊江,HerbtertSJ,金剑.作物-土壤氮循环对大气CO2浓度和温度升高响应的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(08):1684-701.徐洪超,商靖,刘铭荟,张飞,李玥莹.氮代谢相关酶的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2022,50(04):17-20.张华珍,徐恒玉.植物氮素同化过程中相关酶的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011,(20):180-3.耿玉辉,李刚,曹秀艳,李春艳,曹国军.氮、钾不同营养水平对春玉米氮代谢的影响[J].玉米科学,17(6):101-4.张明睿,吴琴香,曹基武,吴小丽,肖亚琴,孙敏红.不同氮素形态配比对花榈木幼苗根系生长及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2024,33(08):1515-22.杨忠良,刘海英,刘会,徐振华,陶永庆,黄翠.氮素对水稻幼苗氮代谢相关酶活性及相关基因表达的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017,(10):26-31.SethCS,MisraV.ChangesinC–NmetabolismunderelevatedCO2andtemperatureinIndianmustard(BrassicajunceaL.):anadaptationstrategyunderclimatechangescenario[J].JournalofPlantResearch,2014,127(6):793-802.OndaY,MiyagiA,TakaharaK,UchimiyaH,Kawai-YamadaM.EffectsofNADkinase2overexpressiononprimarymetaboliteprofilesinriceleavesunderelevatedcarbondioxide[J].PlantBiol(Stuttg),2014,16(4):819-24.AdaviSB,SatheeL.ElevatedCO2differentiallyregulatesrootnitratetransporterkineticsinagenotypeandnitratedose-dependentmanner[J].PlantSci,2021,305:110807.Nunes-AlvesC.Doityourselfnitrification[J].NatureReviewsMicrobiology,2016,14(2):61.WangY,MaL,MaoY,JiangX,XiaY,YuK,LiB,ZhangT.Comammoxindrinkingwatersystems[J].WaterResearch,2017,116:332-41.RakshitR,PatraAK,PalD,KumarM,SinghRDJJoA,ScienceC.EffectofElevatedCO2andTemperatureonNitrogenDynamicsandMicrobialActivityDuringWheat(TriticumaestivumL.)GrowthonaSubtropicalInceptisolinIndia:ElevatedCO2andTemperatureAffectsMicrobialActivity[J].2012,198:452-65.LiuQ,LiuY,HaoX,SongC,ZongY,ZhangD,ShiX,LiP.Effectsofcontrolled-releasefertilizeronN2OemissionsinwheatunderelevatedCO2concentrationandtemperature[J].PlantandSoil,2023,488(1-2):343-61.LiZ,LiY,HuG,WuH,LiangY,YanJ,HeS,GanjurjavH,GaoQ.ReclamationintensifiesthepositiveeffectsofwarmingonN2Oemissioninanalpinemeadow[J].FrontiersinPlantScience,2023,14.钟珍梅,杨庆,翁伯琦,邢世和,黄秀声,陈志彤.土壤可溶性氮及氮代谢酶活性动态变化及对温度的响应[J].福建农业学报,2017,32(05):543-9.HouP,GaoL,JiangP,YuJ,LiuX,JiangD,CaoW,DaiT,TianZ.Strawreturnamplifiesthestimulatedimpactofnight-warmingonN2Oemissionsfromwheatfieldsinarice-wheatrotationsystem[J].FieldCropsResearch,2025,320.冯瑞芳,杨万勤,张健,邓仁菊,简毅,林静.模拟大气CO2浓度和温度升高对亚高山冷杉（Abiesfaxoniana）林土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,(10):4019-26.LiuY,GaoK,GuoZ,LiuX,BianR,SunB,LiJ,ChenJ.AnantagonisticeffectofelevatedCO2andwarmingonsoilN2OemissionsrelatedtonitrifieranddenitrifiercommunitiesinaChinesewheatfield[J].PlantandSoil,2021,470(1-2):97-110.LiuY,ZhouH,WangJ,LiuX,ChengK,LiL,ZhengJ,ZhangX,ZhengJ,PanG.Short-termresponseofnitrifiercommunitiesandpotentialnitrificationactivitytoelevatedCO2andtemperatureinteractioninaChinesepaddyfield[J].AppliedSoilEcology,2015,96:88-98.SongA,LiangY,ZengX,YinH,XuD,WangB,WenS,LiD,FanF.Substrate-drivenmicrobialresponse:AnovelmechanismcontributessignificantlytotemperaturesensitivityofN2Oemissionsinuplandarablesoil[J].SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,2018,118:18-26.XuX,LiuX,LiY,RanY,LiuY,ZhangQ,LiZ,HeY,XuJ,DiH.Hightemperaturesinhibitedthegrowthofsoilbacteriaandarchaeabutnotthatoffungiandalterednitrousoxideproductionmechanismsfromdifferentnitrogensourcesinanacidicsoil[J].SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,2017,107:168-79.DongJ,GrudaN,LiX,TangY,DuanZ.ImpactsofelevatedCO2onnitrogenuptakeofcucumberplantsandnitrogencyclinginagreenhousesoil[J].AppliedSoilEcology,2020,145.CuiP,FanF,YinC,SongA,HuangP,TangY,ZhuP,PengC,LiT,WakelinSA,LiangY.Long-termorganicandinorganicfertilizationalterstemperaturesensitivityofpotentialN2Oemissionsandassociatedmicrobes[J].SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,2015,93:131-41.BillingsSA,TiemannLK.Warming-inducedenhancementofsoilN2OeffluxlinkedtodistinctresponsetimesofgenesdrivingN2Oproductionandconsumption[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,119(1-3):371-86.WangY,HuZ,ShangD,XueY,IslamARMT,ChenS.EffectsofwarmingandelevatedO3concentrationsonN2Oemissionandsoilnitrificationanddenitrificationratesinawheat-soybeanrotationcropland[J].EnvironmentalPollution,2020,257:113556.鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.OzawaK,KawahigashiH.PositionalcloningofthenitritereductasegeneassociatedwithgoodgrowthandregenerationabilityofcalliandestablishmentofanewselectionsystemforAgrobacterium-mediatedtransformationinrice(OryzasativaL.)[J].PlantScience,2006,170(2):384-93.SrivastavaN,ChaudharyS,KumarV,KatudiaKH,VaidyaK,VyasMK,ChikaraSK.EvaluationoftheYield,QualityandIntegrityofTotalRNAExtractedbyFourDifferentExtractionMethodsinRice(Oryzasativa),F,2012[C].盛浩,宋迪思,王翠红,周萍,张杨珠.土壤溶解性有机碳四种测定方法的对比和转换[J].土壤,2015,47(06):1049-53.师恩慧.蚯蚓在秸秆堆制过程中对氮代谢的影响[D].吉林大学,2022.DOI:10.27162/d.cnki.gjlin.2022.001601.张峰峰，周可，谢凤行，等.PseudomonasalcaliphilaAD-28的脱氮性能及其关键酶活性[J].微生物学通报，2019，46(9):2166-2174.陈红，谢静，成钰莹，等.零价铁强化生物硝化效能及机理研究[J].化工学报2021(72):5372-5383.魏旖旎,何志仙,袁林江.进水碳氮比对脱氮污泥羟胺氧化酶活性及N2O产生的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(05):1417-1425.何志仙,魏旖旎,刘婧晶,等.活性污泥羟氨氧化还原酶粗酶提取及活性测定方法的优化研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3797-3804.武志杰,隽英华,陈利军,史云峰.一种检测土壤硝酸还原酶活性的分析方法,CN101271060B[P/OL].武志杰,孙志梅,张丽莉.一种检测土壤亚硝酸还原酶活性的分析方法,CN1979134[P/OL].Ji,Y.,Liu,P.,Conrad,R.2018.Changeofthepathwayofmethaneproductionwithprogressinganoxicincubationofpaddysoil.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,121:177–184.Liu,Y.,Gao,K.,Guo,Z.H.,Liu,X.Y.,Bian,R.J.,Sun,B.B.,Li,J.,Chen,J.H.,2022.AnantagonisticeffectofelevatedCO2andwarmingonsoilN2OemissionsrelatedtonitrifieranddenitrifiercommunitiesinaChinesewheatfield.

PlantSoil470(1),97–110.LiuJ,HanJ,ZhuC,CaoW,LuoY,ZhangM,ZhangS,JiaZ,YuR,ZhaoJ,BaoZ.ElevatedAtmosphericCO2andNitrogenFertilizationAffecttheAbundanceandCommunityStructureofRiceRoot-AssociatedNitrogen-FixingBacteria[J].FrontMicrobiol,2021,12:628108.XiaoW,ZhangQ,ZhaoS,ChenD,GaoN,HuangM,YeX.Citricacidsecretionfromricerootscontributestoreductionandimmobilization