有效的项目管理-适应型项目管理

EffectiveProjectManagement:Traditional,Agile,ExtremePresentedby(facilitatorname)ManagingComplexityintheFaceofUncertaintyCh11:AgileProjectManagementWhatisAgileProjectManagement?IterativeprojectmanagementlifecycleAdaptiveprojectmanagementlifecycleAdaptingandintegratingtheAPMtoolkitSummaryofChapter11Ch11:AgileProjectManagementCh11:AgileProjectManagementWhatisAgileProjectManagement?AgileProjectManagementisasetoftools,templates,andprocessesformanagingprojectswhosegoalisclearlyknownbutwhosesolutionrangesfrompartiallyunknowntoalmosttotallyunknown.Ch11:AgileProjectManagementTheAgileManifesto“Weareuncoveringbetterwaysofdeveloping[products]bydoingitandhelpingothersdoit.Throughthisworkwehavecometovalue:IndividualsandinteractionsoverprocessesandtoolsWorking[products]overcomprehensivedocumentationCustomercollaborationovercontractnegotiationsRespondingtochangeoverfollowingaplanThatis,whilethereisvalueintheitemsontheright,wevaluetheitemsontheleftmore.”MartinFowler&JimHighsmith,“TheAgileManifesto.”SoftwareDevelopmentVol.9,No.8(August2001)pgs28-32Ch11:AgileProjectManagementImplementingAgileProjectsLinearLinearIterativeDefinitionAnIterativeprojectmanagementlifecycle(PMLC)modelconsistsofanumberofphasesthatarerepeatedingroupswithafeedbackloopaftereachgroupiscompleted.Atthediscretionoftheclientthelastphaseinagroupmayreleaseapartialsolution.Ch11:AgileProjectManagementIterativeProjectManagementLifeCycleModelFigure11-01Ch11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeWhentouseanIterativePMLCModelCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelLaunchPhaseMonitor&ControlPhaseClosePhaseCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelTable11-01CharacteristicsTPMprojectteamAPMprojectteamSizeCouldbeverylargeUsuallylessthan15SkillLevelAlllevelsMostskilledLocationCo-locatedordistributedCo-locatedExperiencelevelJuniortoseniorSeniorPositionresponsibilityRequiressupervisionUnsupervisedCharacteristicsThesolutionisknownbutnottotheexpecteddepth(i.e.,featuresarenotcomplete)OftenusesiconicorsimulatedprototypestodiscoverthecompletesolutionCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelStrengthsClientcanreviewcurrentpartialsolutionforsuggestedimprovementsScopechangescanbeprocessedbetweeniterationsYoucanadaptittochangingbusinessconditionsCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelTypesofIterativePMLCModelsPrototypingRationalUnifiedProcess(RUP)Ch11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelPrototypingCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeTypesofIterativePMLCModelsFigure11-02PrototypingmappedtoIterativePMLCModelCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeTypesofIterativePMLCModelsFigure11-03Ch11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeTypesofIterativePMLCModelsFigure11-04RUPRUPmappedtoIterativePMLCModelCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeTypesofIterativePMLCModelsFigure11-05Ch11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeIterativePMLCModelDefinitionAdaptivePMLCModelsarethosethatproceedfromiterationtoiterationbasedonverylimitedspecificationofsolution.Eachiterationlearnsfromtheproceedingonesandredirectsthenextiterationinanattempttoconvergeonanacceptablesolution.Atthediscretionoftheclientaniterationmayreleaseapartialsolution.Ch11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptiveProjectManagementLifeCycleModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-06ScopePhaseSetstheboundariesandhigh-levelparametersfortheprojectSpecifynumberofcyclesandcyclelengthTentativelymapoutcycleobjectivesPlanPhaseUsesthePlanningProcessGrouptools,templates,andprocessesforthecomingcyclefunctionalityLaunchPhaseSameasIterativePMLCModelEstablishsub-teamstoworkonconcurrentswimlanesCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearAdaptiveAdaptivePMLCModelMonitor&ControlPhaseClosePhaseCh11:AgileProjectManagementLinearLinearIterativeAdaptivePMLCModelFigure11-07CharacteristicsIterativestructureJust-in-timeplanningCriticalmissionprojectsThrivesonchangethroughlearninganddiscoveryCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveWeaknessesMusthavemeaningfulclientinvolvementCannotidentifyexactlywhatwillbedeliveredattheendoftheprojectCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveTypesofAdaptivePMLCModelsAdaptiveSoftwareDevelopment(ASD)AdaptiveProjectFramework(APF)DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod(DSDM)ScrumCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveAdaptiveSoftwareDevelopment(ASD)Ch11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-08APFCoreValuesClient-focusedClient-drivenIncrementalresultsearlyandoftenContinuousquestioningandintrospectionChangeisprogresstoabettersolutionDon’tspeculateonthefutureCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveAdaptiveProjectFramework(APF)Ch11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-09APF–VersionScopeCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-10APF–CyclePlan–ScopeTriangleCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-11APF–CyclePlan–PrioritizationApproachesCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveForcedRankingPairedComparisonMoSCoWPrioritizationApproaches–ForcedRankingCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveMANAGER

FUNCTIONABCDRANKSUMFORCEDRANK12324113241128136255185415311025344314465666236Table11-02Table11-03PrioritizationApproaches–PairedComparisonCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptive123456SUMRANK1X110114220X101133300X001154111X115150010X124600000X06PrioritizationApproaches-MoSCoWCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveM: MustHaveS: ShouldHaveC: CouldHaveW: WouldbeNicetoHaveAPF–CyclePlanScopeTriangleRankingCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveTable11-04PriorityVariableCritical(1)(2)(3)(4)Flexible(5)ScopeXQualityXTimeXCostXResourceAvailabilityXAPF–CyclePlanCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-12APF–CyclePlan–ResourceLoadedScheduleCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-13APF–CycleBuildCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-14APFCycleBuild–EndingtheCycleCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveAcyclemayendforanyofthefollowingreasons:ThetimeboxexpiresAllswimlanescompletedearlyAmajorproblemoccursAPF–ClientCheckpointCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-15APF–ClientCheckpoint–InputsCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveAPF–ClientCheckpoint–OuputsCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveAPF–ClientCheckpoint–ProbativeversusIntegrativeSwimLanesizesovertimeCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-16APF–Post-VersionReviewCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-17APF–Post-VersionReview–QuestionstobeansweredCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveWastheexpectedbusinessoutcomerealized?Whatwaslearnedthatcanbeusedtoimprovethesolution?WhatwaslearnedthatcanbeusedtoimprovetheeffectivenessofAPF?AdaptingAPFCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveProofofConceptRevisingtheVersionScopeEmbeddingAPFinotherPMLCmodelsImplementingAPFCh11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveBottom-UpApproachTop-DownApproachDynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod(DSDM)Ch11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveJenniferStapleton,DSDM:DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod,Addison-Wesley,1997DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod(DSDM)Ch11:AgileProjectManagementAdaptivePMLCModelLinearLinearAdaptiveFigure11-18DynamicSystemsDevelopmentMethod(DSDM)Ch11:AgileProjec