GMAT（VERBAL）语法改错模拟试卷10

GMAT（VERBAL）语法改错模拟试卷

10

一、逻辑推理（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

1、Openingwithtributestojazz-agedivaslikeBessieSmithandclosingwithKoko

Taylor'selectrifiedgravel-and-thundersongs,theprogramwill【racetheblues'vigorous

matriarchallineovermorethan50years.

A^theprogramwilltrace

B、（heprogramshalltrace

C^therewillbeaprogramtracing

D、itisaprogramthattraces

E、itwillbeaprogram（racing

标准答案：A

知识点解析:句首opening为现在分词,主句主语为program,显然program就是

opening的逻辑主语，由此可以排除C、D、E（因其主语分别为【here、il,不知具体

丽指）。答案存在于A、B之间，由于shall更多地用于第一人称，而theprogram是

第三人称，因而选A。

2、Spanningmorethanfiftyyears,Friedrich2killerbeganhiscareerinanunprornising

apprenticeshipasaSanskritscholarandculminatedinvirtuallyeveryhonorthat

Europeangovernmentsandlearnedsocietiescouldbestow.

A、Mullerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipas

B、Muller'scareerbeganinanunpromisingapprenticeshipas

C、Muller'scareerbeganwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeing

D、Mullerhadbeganhiscareerwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeing

E、ThecareerofMullerhasbegunwithanunpromisingapprenticeshipof

标准答案：B'」

知识点解析：句首为现在分词spanning,而句首主语为FriedrichMuller（F.M.）；

Spanning在这里是“持续、扩展”之意，把F.M.代入现在分词短语，可译为

“F.M.持续了50多年读起来总觉得特别扭。好在B选项中Muller'scareer给

了暗示，把M，scareer代入现在分词短语，可译为“在F.M.的50多年的职业生

涯中“，搭配很通顺，由此可确认F.M.作主句主语的选项必错，排除A、DoE

中有两个错误：（l）ihecareerofMuller单从选项上看无太大问题，但代【口I原句即为

FriedrichthecareerofMuller...显然此搭配有极大问题；（2）begin为非延续性动

作，用现在完成时不妥。比较B、C,B中的anunpromisingapprenticeship与C中

的（heunpioinisiiigappicnticGship相比，前者准确反映了句了的原意（原句并无对此

“学徒身分”特指的含义），B中的as明显比ofbeing简洁，选B。

3、Byinstallingspecialelectricpumps,farmers'housescouldbehealedbyihewarmih

f¥omcows'milk,accordinglooneagriculturalengineer.

A、farmers'housescouldbeheatedbythewarmthfromcows'milk,accordingtoone

agriculturalengineer

B、thewannthfiomcows'milkcouldbeusedbyfarmerstoheattheirhouses,according

tooneagriculturalengineer

C^oneagriculturalengineerreportsthatfarmerscouldusethewannthfromcows'milk

toheattheirhouses

D、fanners,accordingtooneagriculturalengineer,couldusethewarmthfromcows'

milktoheattheirhouses

E^oneagriculturalengineerreportsthatfanners5housescouldbeheatedbythewann-th

fromcows,milk

标准答案：D

知识点解析：句首为byinslalling,而划线部分的主句主语为farmer'shouse,显然

farmershouse是物而不是人，不可能“安装”,由此可判断A、B错。具体讲有两个

原因，其一：主语不是分词短语的逻辑主语；其二：主句都用了被动语态，且都出

现了动作执行者（用by连接）；C、D、E的主句主语均为人、工程师或农场主。有

人认为“工程师''理应"负责安装”工作，于是排除D而在E中寻找答案。其实，这

里应该是farmer作主句的主语，而不应是engineer,why?假设C对，代入原句，

就译为：”工程师通过安装特殊电泵，他们报道了…”，让人产生歧义：工程师只

有通过安装电泵才可报道这则消息，这显然是不对的。应选farmer作主句主语，

可译为叶艮据一个农业工程师的报道，农场主们通过安装特殊电泵，就可以用牛奶

的热量来给房子供暖”。

4、EatenintheMediterraneancountries,northeinEuropeansviewedthetomatowhh

susr）icion,fortheyassumedithadpoisonouspropertiesbecauseofitsrelationshipto

deadlynightshade.

A、northernEuropeansviewedthetomatowithsuspicion,forthey

B、northernEuropeansweresuspiciousofthetomato,andthey

C、thetomatowasviewedwithsuspicionbynorthernEuropeans,who

D、thetomatowassuspicioustonorthernEuropeans,anditwas

E、thetomatowasviewedwithsuspicionbynorthernEuropeans,itbeing

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句首为过去分词短语eaten,因而由NorthernEuropeans作主句主语的

选项A、B错；答案应在C、D、E中。DbesuspicioustonorthernEuropeans

解释不通，并且itwasassumedithad这种表达过于嗦。E中前半段没有问题，后半

段的ilbeing使得把E代入后，第二个逗号后的语法结构复杂化，显然没有C清晰

明了。需要特别指出的是，本题答案C选用了被动语态，最主要的原因是由于

Eaten短语决定了tomato必须作主句主语，因而并不违背“主动优先”原则。另一点

是在未划线部分assumed后的宾语从句省略了thal。但在划线部分，一定要谨记

“宾语从句不能省that”的原则。

5、Believed2originatefromasmallareaon【heirforeheads,elephanisemillow-

frequencysoundsihalmaybeusedasa"secretlanguage"(ocommunicatewithother

membersoftheherd.

A、Believedtooriginatefromasmallareaontheirforeheads,elephantsemitlow-

frequencysoundsthatmaybeused

B、Elephantsemitlow-frequencysoundsthatarebelievedtooriginatefromasmallarea

ontheirforeheads,andtheymayusethis

C、Elephantsemitlow-frequencysounds,believedtooriginatefromasmallareaon

theirforeheads,thattheymayuse

D^Originating,itisbelieved,fromasmallareaontheirforeheads;elephantsemitlow-

frequencysoundstheymayuse

E、Originating,itisbelieved,fromasmallareaontheirforeheads,low-frequency

soundsareemittedbyelephantsthatmaybeused

标准答案：C

知识点解析：首句出一个believed过去分词短语，找主句主语elephants。而

elephants不能作believedto每语的逻辑上语，因为代入后“大象被认为是起源于它

们(指大象)前额上的一小块地方“，让人无法理解；B中的Ihis有问题，在this之前

唯一的单数名词是asmallarea,但原句指用low-frcqucncysounds作为“秘密语

言”，两者不对应且公理中提到过“不用Ihis单独指代”的原则；D中elephants不可

能是originating短语的逻辑主语；E中：low-frequencysounds的确是originating的

逻辑主语，但句末的定语从句却改变了句意，变为“大象被用来作为语言正确答

案是C：low-「requencysounds有两个修饰成分，第一个过去分词作插人语限定；第

二个是that从句彳乍限信性定语从句。

6、Toooldtobeararmshimself,FriederickDouglassservedasarecruitingagent,

traveledthrough(heNorth【oexhortBlackmentojointheUnionarmy.

AstraveledthroughtheNorthtoexhort

B、andhetraveledthroughtheNorthandexhorted

C、andtravelingthroughtheNorthexhorted

D、travelingthroughtheNorthandexhorted

E、travelingthroughtheNorthandexhorting

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本句是一个现在分词短语做主要动作served的伴随方式，选E。译为

“通过旅行到北方和激励黑人参加军队来表明他是征兵的代理人”。A不对，因为若

traveled与served并列需补上一个and。B将表示伴随的travel、exhort与谓语动词

serve并列，改变了句子重心，而且若3个谓语动词并列，可省去he。C中的and

使traveling找不到并列对象。而在D中exhorted与travelling的平行结构中exhort

用过去分词理解不通。

7、AftertheArabconquestofEgyptinA.D640,Arabicbecamethedominantlanguage

of[heEgyptians,replacingolderlanguagesandwritingsystems

becamethedominantlanguageoftheEgyptians,replacingolderlanguages

B、becamethedominanllanguageoftheEgyptians,replacinglanguagesthatwereolder

中，它位于tha【从句中作从句的时间状语；在E中，它位于主谓之间，作上句的

时间状语。E有两个错误：（1）从意思上讲，改变了原意，因为for时间短语是修饰

that以句的，表明“被凯恩斯主义统治了40年之久”，而不是修饰主句；（2）在主句

中，forfourdecades这一持续性时间.与表示现在时的is搭配不当。

10^Addedlo【heincreaseinhourlywagesreciuesledIasiJuly,iherailroademployees

arenowseekinganexpandedprogramofretiremenlbenefits.

A、AddedtotheincreaseinhourlywagesrequestedlastJuly,therailroademployeesarc

nowseekinganexpandedprogramofretirementbenefits

B、AddedtotheincreaseinhourlywageswhichhadbeenrequestedlastJuly,the

employeesoftherailroadarenowseekinganexpandedprogramofretirementbenefits

C、Therailroademployeesarenowseekinganexpandedprogramofretirementbenefits

added（otheincreaseinhourlywagesthatwererequestedlastJuly

D、InadditiontotheincreaseinhourlywagesthatwererequestedlastJuly,therailroad

employeesarenowseekinganexpandedprogramofretirementbenefits

E^InadditiontotheincreaseinhourlywagesrequestedlastJuly,theemployeesofthe

railroadarenowseekinganexpandedprogramofretirementbenefits

标准答案：E''

知识点解析：首先判断出主句主语Therailroademployees并不是addedto短语的

逻辑主语，排除A、Bo其次B、C、D中wages后的定语从句whichhadbeen

requestedlastJulyorthatwererequestedlastJuly的表达不如E中的requestedlastJuly

简洁，且B中which从句中hadbeen的时态不对。同时，C中把addedto过去分词

短语放在benefits之后修饰benefits,逻辑上也理解不通。E用inadditionto介词短

语引出，清楚表明了原句意思：”工人们除了去年7月要求增加小时工资外，现在

还正在寻求一个扩展的退休福利计划。”

11、Thegrowthoftherailroadsledtotheabolitionoflocaltimes,whichwasdetermined

bywhenthesunreached[heobserver'smeridiananddifferingfromcitytocity,andto

theestablishmentofregionaltimes.

A^whichwasdeterminedbywhenthesunreachedtheobserver'smeridiananddiffering

B、whichwasdeterminedbywhenthesunreachedtheobserver'smeridianandwhich

differed

C^whichweredeterminedbywhenthesunreachedtheobserver'smeridianand

differing

D^determinedbywhenthesunreachedtheobserver'smeridiananddiffered

E、determinedbywhenthesunreachedtheobserver'smeridiananddiffering

标准答案：E

知识点解析：首先，对句意理解。抛开第一个逗号与第二个逗号之间的插入内容，

该句在最后部分的and利tc之间省略了led,即“铁路的发展导致了当地时间的废

除和地区时间的建立”。其次，回到划线部分，可以推断划线部分的内容是对local

limes进行修饰限定的，即“他们是怎样被决定的，并且一个城市的当地时间是不同

于另一个城市的当地时间

12、Therehasbeena30to40foldincreaseintheincidenceofmalariacausedby

increasingmosauiloresislanceagainsipesticides.

A、increaseintheincidenceofmalariacausedbyincreasingmosquitoresistanceagainst

B、increaseintheincidenceofmalariabecauseofincreasingresistanceofmosquitoesto

C、increasingmalariaincidencebecauseofincreasingresistanceofmosquitoto

D^incidenceofmalariaincreasecausedbyincreasingmosquitoresistanceagainst

E、incidenceofmalariaincreasebecauseofincreasedmosquitoresistanceto

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据习惯表达aincreaseinsth.,就可以马上排除C、D、E。其次，

如果考生又知道resistanceI。sth.这种习惯搭配的话，就可以马上选出答案B。但

A、B除了againsi和io的差异外，更大的差异在于：A中的causedby短语被改成

\becauseof介词短语，为什么?在A中，由于causedby紧跟theincidenceof

malaria,可译为“疟疾的发病率是由日益增长的蚊子抗药性造成的“，歪曲了句子原

意。而原句要表达的是：疟疾发病率的增加是由于日益增长的蚊了•的抗药性。而B

用becauseof短语作原因状语，修饰整个句子，修正了A中的这一错误。

13、In1929relativelysmalldeclinesinthemarketruinedmanyspeculaiorshaving

boughtonmargin;theyhadtosell,andtheirsellingpushedotherinvestorstothebrink.

A、speculatorshavingboughtonmargin;（heyhadtosell,and

B、speculatorswhohadboughtonmargin;havinghadtosell,

C、speculatorswhohadboughtonmargin;theyhadtosell,and

speculators,thosewhohadboughtonmargin;thesespeculatorshadtosell,and

E、speculators,who,havingboughtonmarginandhavingtosell,

标准答案：C、、、、

知识点解析：在划线部分，havingboughionmargin是现在分词的完成形式，作

speculators的修饰语，这种用法是错误的（因为用现在分词作修饰词时要求该动作

音主句谓语动作是同时的，而现在分词的完成体显然表明boughl早于ruined,因

而不适用分词修饰，而应换用从句）。A错；B中theirselling成了分词短语having

hadtosell的逻辑主语，说不通；D中speculators,thosewho…中those纯属多余，

thesespeculators完全可用they指代；E中抛开havingbought这一短语不看，

whotheirselling不知是何意忠.选C,把A中现在分词完成体的错误修饰改成用限

定性从句修饰在分号之后用两个短句并列，描述了一个先后过程。

14、Seeminglobetheonlyorganizationfightingfortherightsofpoorpeopleinthe

South,HoseaHudson,alaborerinAlabama,joinedtheCommunistpartyin1931.

A、Seemingtobe

B、As

C、Inthattheyseemed

D、Sinceitseemed

E、Becauseitseemedtobe

标准答案：E

知识点解析：HoseaHudson显然不是seeming短语的逻辑土语，A错；B中as在此

译为“作为“，同样，HoseaHudson也不会作为一个“组织”；C中inthat从不出现在

句首，Ihey指代有误；D中不符合seemtobe的习惯用法；E中it指后面的“共产

党“，seemtobe的用法正确。

15sUsing【helechniauesemployedb\genelicengineering,anewspecies

microorganismhasbeendevelopedbylaboratoryscientistsloaidincleaningupoilspills

bydigestingtheoil.

A、Usingthetechniquesemployedbygeneticengineering,anewspeciesof

microorganismhasbeendevelopedbylaboratoryscientiststo

B、Usingthetechniquesemployedbygeneticengineering,anewspeciesof

microorganismthatwasdevelopedbylaboratoryscientistswill

C^Using(hetechniquesofgeneticengineering,laboratoryscientistshavedevelopeda

newspeciesofmicroorganism(o

D、Employingthetechniquesofgeneticengineering,therehasbeenadevelopmentby

laboratoryscientistsofanewspeciesofmicroorganismthatwill

E^Employingthetechniquesofgeneticengineering,anewspeciesofmicroorganism

thatwasdevelopedbylaboratoryscientistswill

标准答案：C

知识点解析：anewspecies不能作using短语的逻辑主语，而应是laboratory

scientists作using的逻辑主语，排除A、B、E。D的表达冗长而笨拙，坚决排除。

16、Repelledbybodilypunishmentssuchasmaimingandbranding,theideaof

penitentiarieswerercfocnsihcpenalsystembyQuakers.

A、theideaofpenitentiarieswerereformsofthepenalsystembyQuakers

B、penitentiarieswereideasforreformofthepenalsystemsuggestedbyQuakers

C、Quakerssuggestedthepenitentiaryasareformofthepenalsystem

D、Quakerssuggestedthat(hepenalsystembereformedaspenitentiaries

E、thepenitentiarywassuggestedtoheareformofthepenalsystembyQuakers

标准答案：C

知识点解析：［heidea和penitentiaries都不能作repelledby短语的逻辑主语，只有

Quakers才是repelledby的逻辑主语，排除A、B、E。C比D简洁清楚，此句中

repelled短语作原因状语。

17、Theattorneyturneddownthelawfirm'sofferofapositionbecauseshesuspected

thatitwasmeantmerelytofillanaffirmativeactionquotawilhnoenmmitrnentto

minorityhiringandcvcntualvDromoting.

A^quotawithnocommitmenttominorityhiringandeventuallypromoting

B、quota,havingnocommitmenttominorityhiringandeventuallypromoting

C、quotaanddidnotreflectacommitmenttominorityhiringandeventualpromotion

D、quota,notreflectingacommitmenttominorityhiringanceventualpromotion

E、quota,notonethatreflectedthatminorityhiringandeventualpromotionwasa

commitment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题涉及对AffiiTnativeAction法案的了解，该法案帮助美国的少数

民族获得更多的就业和教育机会。因而句中用with介词短语修饰quota,表明

quota的属性，而这样修饰的结果刚好与该法案的初衷背道而驰。所以with短语修

饰不对，划线部分内容应与前面的内容wasmeant属并列关系，而不是从属关系。

有了这样的背景知识，就可以选出C,因为A、B、D、E均表明划线部分与quota

部分是从属关系，是修饰限定quota的，A、B中的promoting有名词形式

promotion,就该用名词形式。这再次验证了“有名词而不用动名词”的原则（第一

章）。C的意思是：她认为这个职位仅是为了满足affirmaUveaction的配额要求，并

没有表明真心致力于少数民族的雇用和将来的晋升。

18、Upsetbytherecentdownturninproductionnumbersduringthefirsthalfoftheyear,

thepossibilityofaddingworkerincentiveswasraisedbytheboardofdirectorsalits

quartcrl、meeting.

A、thepossibilityofaddingworkerincentiveswasraisedbytheboardofdirectorsatits

quarterlymeeting

B、theadditionofworkerincentiveswasraisedasapossibilitybytheboardofdirectors

atitsquarterlymeeting

C、addedworkerincentiveswasraisedbytheboardofdirectorsatitsquarterlymeeting

asapossibility

D^theboardofdirectorsraisedatitsquarterlymeetingthepassibilityofworker

incentivesbeingadded

E、theboardofdirectors,atitsquarterlymeeting,raisedthepossibilityofaddingworker

incentives

标准答案：E

知识点解析：thepossibility,theaddition,incentives都不能作upset短语的逻辑主

语，只有theboardofdirectors才符合逻辑主语要求,A、B、C错。E中the

possibilityofdoingsth.符合表达习惯,D中的相应表达不妥,同时用raised短语修

饰directors明显错误。

[9、BasedonthegrowthratesoflargemodemreptilessuchastheGalapagostortoise

andexaminationoffossilsofjuveniledinosaurs,scientistsestimatethatthelarger

dinosaursprobablylivedtobebetween100and200yearsold.

A^Basedonthegrowthratesoflargemodernreptilessuchas

B、Onthebasisofgrowthratesoflargemodernreptilessuchas

C、Basedonthegrowthratesoflargemodernreptileslike

D、Onthebasisofgrowthratesoflargemodernreptiles,likethoseof

E、Basedonsuchgrowthratesasthoseoflargemodernreptileslike

标准答案：B

知识点解析：scientists作basedon的逻辑主语不妥，排除A、D、E。换一种表

达，介词+名词短语就避免了考虑逻辑主语这一问题。在GMAT公理中我们曾提到

用suchas表举例而不用like,因而选

20、Intheory,internationalcivilservantsat(heUnitedNationsareprohibitedfrom

continuing(odrawsalariesfrom(heirowngovemmenls;inpractice,however,some

governmentsmerelysubstitutelivingallowancesfbriheiremployees'paychecks,

assignedbyihemlo(heUnitedNations.

A、fbrtheiremployees*paychecks,assignedbythem

B、fbrthepaychecksoftheiremployeeswhohavebeenassigned

C^fbrthepaychecksoftheiremployees,havingbeenassigned

D、inplaceoftheiremployees'paychecks,fbrthoseofthemassigned

E、inplaceofthepaychecksoftheiremployeestohavebeenassignedbythem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句有一习惯用语substituteAlforA2(用Al代替A2),排除D、E«

在A中，assignedby修饰paychecks是不妥的，而应修饰employeeso对C而言,

现在分词的完成体不能作定语。B中用who定语从句准确表达了原来分词完成体

的含义。

21、TheextraordinarydiaryofWilliamLyonMackenzieKing,primeministerof

Canadaforovertwentyyears,revealedthatthismostblandandcircumspectofmenwas

amysticguidedinbothpublicandprivatelifebyomens,messagesreceivedatseances,

andsignsfromheaven.

A、thatthismostblandandcircumspectofmenwasamysticguidedinbothpublicand

B、thatthismostblandandcircumspectofmenwasamysticandalsoguidedbothin

publicaswellas

C、thismostblandandcircumspectofmenwasamysticandthathewasguidedinboth

publicand

D、thismostblandandcircumspectofmenwasamysticandthathewasguidedinboth

publicaswellas

E、thismostblandandcircumspectofmentohavebeenamysticand(hatheguided

himselfbothinpublicaswellas

标准答案：A

知识点解析：B、D、E中both...aswellas的结构不符合习惯,应改为both...and,

C显得复杂啰嗦。本可用一个句子表达的却用两个句子来表达。在A中guided短

语为过去分词短语，限定mystic。

22Rearedapartfromeachother,arecentUnitedStatesstudyshowedstriking

similaritiesinidemicaliwins,includingmanyidiosyncrasiesofbehavior.

A、Rearedapartfromeachother,arecentUnitedStatesstudyshowedstriking

similaritiesinidenticaltwins,includingmanyidiosyncrasiesofbehavior.

B、Rearedapartfromeachother,strikingsimilaritiesbetweenidenticaltwins(hat

includemanyidiosyncrasiesofbehaviorwereshowninarecentUnitedStatesstudy.

C、ArecentUnitedStalesstudyshowedstrikingsimilaritiesinidenticaltwinsreared

apartfromeachother(hatincludemanyidiosyncrasiesofbehavior.

D、AccordingtoarecentUnitedStatesstudy,identicaltwinsrearedapartfromeach

othershowedstrikingsimilarities,includingmanyidiosyncrasiesofbehavior.

E、AccordingtoarecentUnitedStatesstudy,identicaltwinsshowedstrikingsimilarities

rearedapartfromeachother,includingmanyidiosyncrasiesofbehavior.

标准答窠：D

知识点解析：A、B不对，arecentstudy和strikingsimilarities不可作reared短语的

逻辑主语。E中reared短语在strikingsimilarities之后表明修饰strikingsimilari(ies»

同样不对。C、D中reared短语修饰twins是对的，但C中句末的that从句的语法

先行词为〔wins,而逻辑上的先行词却应是similarilies,产生矛盾。D中including

短语紧接similarities,解决了C中的矛盾。

23、Bystudyingtheprimitivevisualsystemsofsingle-cellaquaticorganisms,

biophysicistshavediscoveredastrikingsimilaritybelweenalgaeandcows,asimilarity

(hatindicatesthecommonevolutionaryoriginofplantsandanimals:bothalgaeandcows

producealight-sensitiveproteincalledrhodopsin.

A、biophysicistshavediscoveredastrikingsimiiaritybetweenalgaeandcows

B、astrikingsimilaritybetweenalgaeandcowshasbeendiscoveredbybiophysicists

C、thereisastrikings