Unit7ThenaturalworldGrammar课件-译林版英语八年级上册

Yolanda(Grammar)Verbsandsentencestructures(II）&Usingand,but,orandsoUnit7ThenaturalworldObserveandexplorethestructuralfeaturesofthesentencepatternsS+V+O+OandS+V+O+C.Understandandgraspthemeaningsandusageoftheconjunctions"and,""but,""or,"and"so,".Learningobjectives1.Autumnarrives.S+V2.Weplayfootball.S+V+O3.Theyarequitedifferent.S+V+PS+V主语+不及物动词S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语S+V+P主语+系动词+表语

“1.be”“2.感官”“3.变得”

“4.保持”

“5.似乎”Review1.Youlovesummerbest.2.Wereadbookseveryday.3.Herbrotherhasagoodsenseofhumor.4.Thetemperaturedrops.5.Foodheretastesnice.6.Sheisahard-workinggirl.Writethecorrectsentencestructures1.S+V2.S+V+O2.S+V+O2.S+V+O3.S+V+P3.S+V+P1.S+V2.S+V+O3.S+V+PReviewlovereadhasdropstastesis1.Youlovesummerbest.2.Wereadbookseveryday.3.Herbrotherhasagoodsenseofhumor.4.Thetemperaturedrops.5.Foodheretastesnice.6.Sheisahard-workinggirl.Q：Whatcanbesubjects/objects/verbs?1.Subjectsareusaully2.Objectsareusually3.VerbsareusuallyNounsorpronounsNounsorpronounsActionverbsorlinkingverbsReviewA.

Verbs

and

sentence

structures

(II)Weplaybasketball.Theyareflyingkites.Subject(S)主语Verb(V)谓语动词transitiveverb（及物动词）

(vt.)Subject(S)主语Verb(V)谓语动词transitiveverb（及物动词）

(vt.)Object(O)宾语Object(O)宾语S+V+O.(主语+及物动词+宾语）

Presentation

S

+V

+O.

S+

+

+

O

间接宾语O直接宾语Sentencestructure4：S+V+O+O主+谓+简宾+直宾Thesungives

lightandheat____oceananimals.toVindirectobject(IO)人directobject(DO)物Thesun

gives

oceananimals

lightandheat.PresentationWeshouldbuild

localwildlife

abetterhome.S+

+

+

VSentencestructure4:

IODOWeshouldbuild

abetterhome____localwildlife.forS+V+O+O主+谓+简宾+直宾双宾语之间可以通过增加介词for/to来互换位置。Wecanchangethestructure:S+V+O+Owithto.e.g.Thesungivesoceananimalslightandheat.Thesungiveslightandheattooceananimals.verbscanbeusedwithto:bringgivehandlendofferpasspostreadsellsendshowtaketeachtellwritePresentationPresentationWecanchangethestructure:S+V+O+Owithfor.e.g.Weshouldbuildlocalwildlifeabetterhome.Weshouldbuildabetterhomeforlocalwildlife.verbscanbeusedwithfor:buildbuycookfindgetleavemakeorderpickpreparesave有些谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。有的谓语动词后面出现双宾语

(人)间接宾语和(物)直接宾语。在具体表达时,可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后,要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词toorfor。Myparents

bought

me

somestorybooks.Myparents

bought

somestorybooks

for

me.Someverbscantaketwoobjects,adirectobjectandanindirectobject.Wecanchangetheorderofthedirectandindirectobjectsbyusingtoorfor.Summary用to/for填空1.Theboyoftenfeedsmeat_____hisdog.2.Wewanttobuyapresent_____ourteacher.3.Don’tgivetoomuchmoney_____yourson.4.Pleasepasstheform______nextone.5.Thegovernmentbuiltseveralbuildings______childreninpoorareas.

to

for

to

to

forPracticeThenaturegivesusalotofpresents.S+V+IO+DOS

VIndirectObject

(间接宾语)

IO

DODirectObject

(直接宾语)SV

IO

DOsb.sth.Millie’sparentsboughthersomebooks.Millie’smotheriscookingacakeforher.Milliesentmeane-mail.

IammakingMillieatoy.SV

IO

DOSV

IO

DOSV

IO

DOWe

made

theforest

thetopicofthisclass.Theycalltheocean

the“heart”oftheearth.PresentationWe

made

theforest

thetopicofthisclass.Theycalltheocean

the“heart”oftheearth.SSVVO

宾语O

宾语C(objectcomplement)宾语补足语C宾补

宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况。Sentencestructure5:S+V+O+C主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语Presentation宾语补足语(C或OC),简称宾补(宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的情况)动词虽然是及物动词,但是一宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。PresentationPresentation1.AboymakeshimangryOCadj.作宾补2.WecallthemanDavid.OCn.作宾补3.Weoftenfindhiminthezoo.OC介词短语作宾补Whatcanbeobjectcompletement?4.Theyconsidertheideatheirs.OC代词.作宾补5.Iaskedhertohelp.OC动词不定式.作宾补6.Isawhimrunning.OC分词作宾补ObjectComplement(C)Nounornounphrase(名词或名词短语)Adjective(形容词)Pronoun(代词)Prepositionalphrase(on/in/at…)Infinitive(todo)Participle(doing/done)Summary1.Mymumallowedmetogobackhomebefore10:00p.m.常见的带to不定式作宾补的动词有：tell,ask,want,wouldlike,wish,teach,invite…

(V.sbtodosth)2.IoftenseetheoldmanplayTaiChiinthatpark.常见的不带to不定式作宾补的动词有：一感二听三让四看

feel,/hear,listento,/let,make,have,/see,watch,notice,lookat(V.sbdo/doingsth)3.Sheoftenhelpsmetodothehousework.(help.sb(to)dosth)Objectcompletementwith/withouttodoRevision3.WethinkSuqianabeautifulcity.SVDOOCSV

DOOC1.Wecanseebirdsflysouth.2.Ioftenwatchautumnleavesfall.

S+V+DO+OCPracticeSVOC

DOS+V+O+C(宾补)

S+V+O+O(双宾)

Wecalltheman

David.Theboymade

him

angry.Hetold

us

togohome.Ifound

it

important.

Wecan’tgive

thebaby

muchfood.TheteacherteachesherMaths.Mummakes

me

acake.Myfriendshows

us

abook.Tips:双宾可______宾补能______互换修饰Let’scomparePresentationJudgesentencestructure：

A：S+V+O+O

B：S+V+O+C1.I

willmake

mygrandpa

somejiaozi.2.I

had

mycomputer

repaired.3.Mum

iswatching

us

skating.4.He

sent

hisfriend

abirthdaygift.5.We

bought

ourselves

somewarmclothes.A

B

B

A

A

PracticeSentencesAdverbialsWhenHowWhereAdverbialoftimeAdverbialofmannerAdverbialofplaceShegavemeagiftyesterday.Shefoundthebookinterestingafterreadingit.Hetoldusastoryinasoftvoice.

Hepaintedthewallbluecarefully.Theytalkedinheroffice.Shegavethepoorcatsomecatfoodatthepark.PresentationThedesertDesertsaredifficultplacesforanimalstolive.Littlerainandtoomuchsunshinemakedesertsdry.Manydesertplantsgiveanimalswater.Theseplantsstorethewaterintheirleaves.Someanimalsfeedontheleaves,andthewatercankeepthemhealthy.Quiteafewdesertplantsalsogiveanimalsfood.Theirflowersandfruitcanprovideanimalswithenergy.S+V+O+OS+O+CS+O+CS+V+O+OPractice1.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthesamestructureas“Ifoundthisbookinteresting.”?A．Autumnleavesturnbrown. B．Wehavefourseasons.C．EddieiswatchingHobowork. D．MumandDadgavemenicepresents.2.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthesamesentencestructureas“Thecoffeesmellssonice.”?A．Thethundersoundsterrible. B．Thecatsmeltthefish.C．TheteacherteachesmeEnglish. D．Itmakesthesouptastebetter.3.Thestructureofthesentence“Iwon’tlendyoumyhomework.”is___.

A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+VPractice4.Whichofthefollowingsentencedoesfitthesentencestructure“S＋V＋O”?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Eastorwest,homeisbest.C．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D．Careanddiligencebringluck.5.Jennyexpectshermothertobehealthy.A．主语B．表语C．宾语D．宾语补足语6.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Thechildrenareplayinghappilyontheplayground.”?A．Somechildrenareplayingfootball.B．Theyarepassingtheballtoeachother.C．Thecoachteachesthemtoworkasateam.D．Theyarelisteningcarefullyaroundthecoach.B.

Usingand,but,orandsoRainforestsarehot,andtheygetalotofrain.Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere,buttheycanfindlittlefood.conjunctions连词and表示“和,又”，表示并列关系，所连接的成分意思类似。but表示“但是”,表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。PresentationBirdscanliveintheforestorinthewetland.Desertsaredry,sosomeplantskeepwaterintheirleaves.or表示“或者”,表示选择关系。so表示“因此，所以”，表示因果关系。Weuseconjunctionslikeand,but,orandsotojoinideastogether.Rainforestsarehot.Theygetalotofrain.Rainforestsarehot,andtheygetalotofrain.Whenjoiningmorethantwoexpressions,weusuallyonlyputandbeforethelast.Thedesertishot,dryandcoveredbysand.Oceansprovidefoodformanyanimals,produceoxygenandstoreheatfromthesun.Weusebuttojoinideasthataredifferent.Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere.Theycanfindlittlefood.Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere,but

theycanfindlittlefood.Weuseandtojoinsimilarorrelatedideas.SummaryWeuseortointroduceanotherpossibility.Birdscanliveintheforest.Theycanalsoliveinthewetland.Birdscanliveintheforestorinthewetland.Innegativesentences,weuseortojointwoormoreideas.Thedeepoceanisn’twarm.Thedeepoceanisn’tbright.Thedeepoceanisn’tnoisy.Thedeepoceanisn’twarm,brightornoisy.Weusesotoexpresstheresultofsomething.Desertsaredry.Someplantskeepwaterintheirleaves.Desertsaredry,sosomeplantskeepwaterintheirleaves.Grasslandscanbehot,soanimalssitundertheshadeoftrees.Wetlandscanhavesaltwaterandfreshwater.ThereareforestsinAsiaandinEurope.Desertsaredry,buttheyarenotalwayshot.Somerainforestanimalsdon’tlikewindorrain.Practice

1）判断改错：

Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.

Theystartedtodanceandsang.

Isawtwomensittingbehindandatethere.FFFand用法eatingsingtalked1.“and”连接平行结构。1.Tryyourbest__you’llmakemoreprogress.A.andB.butC.orD.so2.Studyhard,______yourEnglishwillbebetter.A.butB.andC.soD.but2.祈使句，and+好的结果;3.肯定句中用“and”表“和”；VS否定句中用“or”表“和”

①我喜欢英语和数学。②我不喜欢英语和数学。

IlikeEnglish_____math.Idon’tlikeEnglish____math.and

orStudyhard,_____yourmathwillbeworse.2.Don’tloseheart,__you’llloseall.A.andB.soC.orD.but

or

2.祈使句，or

“否则”+坏结果

。or用法1.否定句中用“or”表“和”。Doyouoftengohomeonfootorbybike?Whatwouldyouliketodrink,coffeeortea?3.or表示选择，“或者”

。

表转折的连词but

和however：

e.g.

(他努力工作，但以失败告终。)Heworkedhard,______hefailedintheend.Heworkedhard._________,hefailedintheend.butHoweverbut用法区别:1.but后没有逗号，直接连接分句；

however后有逗号相隔，可放句末。2.although/though虽然

和but这两个关联词不能同用。e.g.Althoughhefailed,buthedidnotloseheart.(F)改为：Althoughhefailed,hedidnotloseheart.

或

Hefailed,buthedidnotloseheart.e.g.BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.(F)改正：Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.

或：BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.because和so

等关联词都不能同时使用。so用法PracticePracticeJudgewhethertheconjunctionsarecorrectlyusedinthefollowingsentences.Putatick(√)inthebracketifthesentenceiscorrect,andacross(×)ifincorrect,andthencorrectthemistakes.( )(1)Beesaretiny,sotheyplayabigroleinhelpingplantsgrow.( )(2)Frogscanliveonlandorinwater.( )(3)Elephantsarethelargestlandanimals,buttheyneedalotof foodeverydaytosurvive.( )(4)Mountainsarehometomanyanimals,andtheycanalsoaffect theweather.butso√××√__________(make)yourEnglishbetter,youshouldstudyhard.TomakeTip:

若逗号处有连词(e.g.and,but),逗号前常用祈使句；若逗号处无连词，逗号前的用非谓语动词。__________(make)yourEnglishbetter,andyoushouldstudyhard.Make_________(improve)yourwritingskills,youneedtopracticemore._________(finish)yourhomeworkfirst,andyoucanwatchTVlater._________(keep)healthy,weshoulddoexerciseeveryday._________(calm)down,andyou’llsolvetheproblemeasily._________(learn)aforeignlanguagewell,it’snecessarytoreadmore.PracticeToimproveFinishTok