小学英语基础语法专项训练题库

小学英语基础语法专项训练题库英语语法是构建语言大厦的基石，尤其对于小学生而言，打下坚实的语法基础，不仅能帮助他们正确理解和运用英语，更能提升其学习英语的信心与兴趣。本专项训练题库聚焦小学阶段核心语法知识点，通过系统梳理与针对性练习，助力同学们巩固基础，提升语言应用能力。题库内容编排循序渐进，题型丰富多样，旨在引导学生在实践中理解语法规则，而非死记硬背。一、名词(Nouns)名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。在英语中，名词有单数和复数之分，部分名词还有其特殊的复数形式。语法要点回顾：1.单数名词：表示一个人或一件事物。如：abook,adog。2.复数名词：表示两个或两个以上的人或事物。*规则变化：一般在词尾加-s。如：books,dogs。*以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，加-es。如：buses,boxes,watches,dishes。*以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：babies,cities。*以f或fe结尾的词，变f/fe为v再加-es。如：leaf->leaves,knife->knives(部分特殊词如roof->roofs除外)。3.不规则复数：需要特殊记忆。如：man->men,woman->women,child->children,foot->feet,tooth->teeth,mouse->mice,fish->fish(或fishes),sheep->sheep。4.专有名词：表示特定的人、地方、机构等，首字母通常大写。如：China,Tom,theGreatWall。专项训练：一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1.cat______2.bus______3.baby______4.leaf______5.man______6.child______7.book______8.box______9.knife______10.sheep______二、选择填空。1.Ihavetwo______.(A.bookB.booksC.abook)2.Therearethree______intheroom.(A.manB.mansC.men)3.Howmany______doyousee?(A.fishB.afishC.fishes)(提示：指鱼的数量时，单复数同形)4.Thisismy______bag.(A.motherB.mothersC.mother's)(提示：此处考察名词所有格，表示“妈妈的”)5.Shelikeseating______.(A.appleB.applesC.anapple)三、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.Look!The______(child)areplayinginthepark.2.Ibrushmy______(tooth)everymorning.3.Therearemany______(bus)ontheroad.4.Myfatherhastwo______(watch).5.These______(woman)areteachers.参考答案：一、1.cats2.buses3.babies4.leaves5.men6.children7.books8.boxes9.knives10.sheep二、1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B三、1.children2.teeth3.buses4.watches5.women---二、代词(Pronouns)代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，其作用是避免重复，使语言更简洁。小学阶段常见的代词有人称代词、物主代词、指示代词等。语法要点回顾：1.人称代词：表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等。分为主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语)。*主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2.物主代词：表示所属关系，即“谁的”。分为形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(后不接名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”)。*形容词性：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*名词性：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs*例如：Thisismybook.(形容词性)=Thisbookismine.(名词性)3.指示代词：表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。*this(这个，近指单数),that(那个，远指单数),these(这些，近指复数),those(那些，远指复数)。*Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.Theseareapples.Thosearebananas.4.不定代词：表示不确定的人或事物。如：some(一些),any(任何，一些),many(许多，接可数名词复数),much(许多，接不可数名词),alotof(许多，既可接可数也可接不可数名词),little(几乎没有，接不可数名词),few(几乎没有，接可数名词复数),one(一个),it(指代前文提到的单数事物或不明身份的人)。专项训练：一、用适当的人称代词主格或宾格填空。1.______(我)amastudent.______(他)ismyfriend.______(我们)oftenplaytogether.2.Mymotheriskind.Ilove______(她)verymuch.3.Lookatthedog.______(它)issocute.4.Let______(我们)gotoschool.5.Theteachergives______(我们)somebooks.二、用形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词填空。1.Thisis______(我的)pencil.______(你的)isonthedesk.2.—Isthisbag______(她的)?—No,it's______(他的).______(我的)isred.3.Wehaveanewhouse.______(我们的)houseisbigandbright.4.Theseare______(他们的)toys.______(我们的)areinthebox.5.Thecatisplayingwith______(它的)ball.三、用this,that,these,those填空。1.______isamapofChina.(近处)2.______aremyshoes.(近处复数)3.What's______overthere?(远处单数)4.______booksarenew.(远处复数)5.______ismyfather,and______ismymother.参考答案：一、1.I,He,We2.her3.It4.us5.us二、1.my,Yours2.hers,his,Mine3.Our4.their,Ours5.its三、1.This2.These3.that4.Those5.This,that(或That,this)---三、动词(Verbs)-Be动词&情态动词Can动词是表示动作或状态的词，是句子的核心。小学阶段首先要掌握的是Be动词和常用情态动词如can。语法要点回顾：1.Be动词(am,is,are)：表示“是”或“存在”。*现在时：Iam,Youare,He/She/Itis,Weare,Youare,Theyare.(缩写：I'm,You're,He's/She's/It's,We're,You're,They're)*否定式：在am,is,are后加not。(缩写：isn't,aren't,amnot一般不缩写)*疑问式：将am,is,are提到句首。*例句：*Iamhappy.(肯定)*Youarenot(aren't)astudent.(否定)*Isheyourbrother?(疑问)Yes,heis./No,heisn't.2.情态动词Can：表示“能，会，可以”。*没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。*肯定式：主语+can+动词原形+...*否定式：主语+cannot(can't)+动词原形+...*疑问式：Can+主语+动词原形+...?*例句：*Icanswim.(我会游泳。)*Shecan'trideabike.(她不会骑自行车。)*CanyouspeakEnglish?(你会说英语吗?)Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.专项训练：一、用be动词的适当形式(am,is,are)填空。1.I______agirl.Myname______Lucy.2.This______aredapple.Those______greenbananas.3.Myfather______ateacher.He______verykind.4.We______intheclassroomnow.5.______youTom?Yes,I______.6.Thecats______underthebed.7.Hereyes______bigandbright.8.It______notadog.It______acat.二、用can或can't填空。1.I______sing,butI______dance.2.—______youswim?—Yes,I______.3.Mybrother______playbasketball.He'sverygoodatit.4.She______speakChinese,butshe______speakEnglish.5.Thebird______flyhighinthesky.6.You______runintheclassroom.(提示：表示不允许)三、句型转换(按要求改写句子)。1.Heisadoctor.(改为否定句)He____________adoctor.2.Theyareinthepark.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)____________inthepark?Yes,____________.3.Icanplaythepiano.(改为否定句)I____________thepiano.4.Shecanrideahorse.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)______she______ahorse?No,____________.5.Thebookisonthedesk.(改为一般疑问句)______thebook______thedesk?参考答案：一、1.am,is2.is,are3.is,is4.are5.Are,am6.are7.are8.is,is二、(答案不唯一，合理即可)1.can,can't(或can't,can)2.Can,can3.can4.can't,can(或can,can't)5.can6.can't三、1.isnot/isn't2.Arethey,theyare3.can'tplay4.Can,ride,shecan't5.Is,on---四、数词(Numerals)-基数词&序数词(基础)数词用于表示数量或顺序。小学阶段主要学习基数词和最基本的序数词。语法要点回顾：1.基数词(CardinalNumbers)：表示数量多少。*1-10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten*11-19:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen*20-90整十:twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety*21-99非整十:几十+连字符+几。如：twenty-one,thirty-five,seventy-eight*100:onehundred*表示“……个”：基数词+名词复数。如：threebooks,fiveapples。2.序数词(OrdinalNumbers)：表示顺序，“第几”。*1-10:first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th),ninth(9th),tenth(10th)*11-19:eleventh(11th),twelfth(12th),thirteenth(13th),...,nineteenth(19th)*20th:twentieth,21st:twenty-first,22nd:twenty-second,23rd:twenty-third,30th:thirtieth,40th:fortieth,50th:fiftieth,100th:onehundredth*序数词前通常要加定冠词"the"。如：thefirstday,thefifthmonth。*缩写形式：数字+序数词最后两个字母。如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,20th,21st。专项训练：一、写出下列基数词。1.五______2.十二______3.二十______4.三十七______5.九十______6.一百______7.七______8.十六______9.四十三______10.五十五______二、写出下列序数词及其缩写形式。1.第一____________2.第二____________3.第三____________4.第五____________5.第八____________6.第十____________7.第十二____________8.第二十____________三、选择填空。1.Ihave______books.(A.fiveB.fifthC.thefive)2.Todayismy______birthday.(A.nineB.ninthC.theninth)(提示：形容词性物主代词my后不加the)3.Thereare______studentsintheclassroom.(A.twentyoneB.twenty-oneC.twentieth-one)4.Thisisthe______lesson.(A.threeB.thirdC.3th)5.Myfatheris______yearsold.(A.fortyB.fourtyC.fortieth)四、根据中文提示填空。1.Igetupat______(六点半)inthemorning.(提示：halfpastsix/sixthirty)2.Thereare______(三十)daysinApril.