高考英语模拟试题

文章素材节选自CNN《美国有线电视新闻网》、NPR《美国全国

公共电台》、Time《时代周刊》、TheEconomist《经济学人》、NewYork

DailyNews《纽约每日新闻》、TheGuardian《卫报》、TheChristian

ScienceMonitor《基督教箴言报》等英美主流期刊及网站，部分内容

有删减。

阅读理解1.

SoresDumanisanormal29-year-old.Hegoestothecinema,parties

occasionallyandtalksaboutlifeandlovewithhisfriends.Laterinthe

weekhewillseeanactionmoviewithhismatePiebe.Beforethat,he

maygotoMcDonald'swithMartey,anothermate.Itmighttakemore

timethanusualforhisfriendstogetreadyfortheseactivities.Piebeis79

andMartey94.DoesSoresthinkhisweekendplansareunusual?"No,I

dosimilarthingswithfriendsmyownage.Idon'tseethedifferencein

ageasanobstacle.

MrDumanlivesattheHumanitascarehomeinDeventer,incentral

Holland.Hishousemates5averageageisover85.Hehasbeentherefor

threeyears,alongwithfiveotherstudentsfromnearbyuniversitiesand

around150elderlyresidents.Theyarepartofaschemestartedin2012

thatprovidesthemwithfreehousinginexchangefor30hourspermonth

oftheirtimelivingasa“goodneighbour”.Onlyoneactivityisrequired:

preparingandservingamealonweekdayevenings.

Bothpartiesappeartobenefitfromtheprogramme.MrDuman

estimatesthathehassavedover€10,000inrent.Heclaimsthatlivingin

acarehomehasnoeffectonhisuniversityexperience.Theschemehas

helpedattractmoreresidents.Thehomenowhasawaitinglist,whichit

previouslydidnot.Andstudentsarequeuingup.Whentwoleftthehome

inApril,27appliedtoreplacethem.

Humanitasisnotthefirstinstitutiontourgeoldandyoungpeopleto

livetogether.CarehomesinLyon,France,andCleveland,Ohio,have

alsoexperimentedwiththeidea.AteamfromFinlandvisitedDeventer

andwasinspiredtostartasimilarscheme.

Suchmeasurescouldhelppreventloneliness,anincreasingproblem

acrosstherichworld.Theveryold,migrants,andthesickordisabled,are

mostatriskoffeelinglonely.Lonelinessmayleadtoserioushealth

consequences:astudyfrom2015foundthatlonelypeoplehadonaverage

a26%higherriskofdyinginitsseven-yearstudyperiodthanthosewho

werenotlonely.Creatingaspacefortheelderlytolivewithyoungsters

canliftspirits—andhelptheyoungpeoplewhoareshortofmoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisrightabouttheschemereferredtointhe

passage?

A.Itisacompulsorycourseineveryuniversity.

B.Itcanbenefittheyoungpeopleandelderlyresidents.

C.ItisfirstlaunchedbytheHumanitascarehome.

D.MrDumanneedstoaccompanytheoldmenonlyatweekends.

2.Theyoungpeoplewhoparticipateintheprogrammeshoulddothe

followingexcept___.

A.ChatB.prepareamealC.accompanytoseeamovieD.makea

waitinglist

3.WhatabouttheHumanitascarehomebeforestartingthescheme?

A.Thehomehadn'tawaitinglist.

B.Studentsqueueduptoapplytoworkinthecarehome.

C.Itattractedmanyelderlyresidents.

D.Itprovidedyoungstudentsfreehousing.

4.Whatcanyourefertoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Thosewhowerenotlonelylivesevenyearslongerthanlonelypeople.

B.Lonelinessusuallyresultsfrombadhealth.

C.Livingwithyoungpeoplecancheeruptheelderly.

D.Thestudyof2015showedthatloneliessisanincreasingproblem

acrosstherichworld.

答案：BDAC

阅读理解2.

Inrecentdays,heatwaveshavesweptAmericaandEurope.Despite

manytimesofheadlines,thesuchextremeheatareoftenoverlooked.

Spectacularimagesofhurricanesorfloodsgrabattentionmorereadily,

thethreatofextremeheat.Whitewalls,roofsandextravegetationin

cities,allofwhichhelppreventheatfrombuildingup,canbeprovided

fairlycheaply.

Itisacruelfactthattheplacesthatarehardesthitbyheatwaves

canleastaffordtoadapt.Inpoorcountries,whereclimatesareoften

hotter,public-healthsystemsareweaker.Often,adaptationtoextreme

heatisdonebycharitiesifitisdoneatall.Particularattentionshouldbe

paidtoreachingbothremoteareasandheavilypopulatedurbanones

Adaptationisnotanalternativetocuttingemissions;bothare

necessary.Butevenifemissionsarereducedtozerothiscentury,the

greenhousegasesintheatmospheremeansthatheatwaveswillcontinue

togetworsefordecadestocome.Governmentsinrichandpoorcountries

alikemustdomoretoprotecttheirpopulationsfromthisveryrealand

quietlydeadlyaspectofclimatechange.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingmakeshumcanesandfloodattractmore

attentionthanheatwaves?

A.MoredeathsB.highfrequencyofhappening

C.spectuacularimagesD.manytimesofheadlines

2.Whatisthepurposeofthewriter'sgivinganexampleofacampaignon

Facebookin2017?

A.Socialmediaisimportantindealingwithheatwaves.

B.Warningshouldbegiveninadvancetoadvisepeopletostayindoors.

C.Heatwavescanbepredictedaccurately.

D.Warningsystemshouldbeestablished.

3.Whatmeasuresdoestheauthorsuggesttakingtodealwithheatwavesin

poorcountriesaccordingtothetext?

A.Wallsandroofsofthenewbuildingshouldbepaintedwhite.

B.Emissionshouldbereducedtozero.

C.Air-conditionedpublicplacesshouldbeavailable.

D.Newbuildingsshouldbebuilttoprovidecoolshadedareasforthe

public.

4.What'smeaningof“botharenecessary“inthelastparagraph?

A.Itisnecessaryforbothrichandpoorcountriestodealwithclimate

change.

B.Adaptationandcuttingemissionsarebothimportantinreducing

extremeheat.

C.Bothremoteandheavilypopulatedurbanareasshouldbepaid

particularattentionto.

0.Emissionsandgreenhousegaseswillnecessarilygetworseinthe

future.

答案：BACB

阅读理解3.

AmericansliketoworkhardwhereasEuropeanspreferamore

leisurelylife.Thatisthewidelyheldopinionofthecontinentaldividein

businessculture.Butithasnotalwaysbeenthecase;40yearsago,there

waspreciouslittledifferencebetweenthetwo.Inhisnewbook,

"SpendingTime:TheMostValuableResource”,DanielHamermesh,an

economist,examineshowworkandleisurepatternsinAmericadiffer

fromthoseintherestofthedevelopedworld.Inthefirsthalfofthe20th

centurytheAmericanworkingweekfellsharplyfromnearly60hoursto

around40.By1979theaverageworkerinAmericaputinaround38.2

hoursaweek,similartothenumberinEurope.

Thatiswherethefiguresstartedtodiffer.Forawhile,the

Americanworkweekgotlonger,reaching39.4hoursin2000,before

fallingbackto38.6in2016.Themaindifference,however,isholidays.

Inthe1980sEuropeansbegantotakemoreannualleavebutAmericans

didnot.Overtheyearasawhole,Americansaverage34hoursaweek,

sixmorethantheFrenchandeightmorethantheGermans.

Whatexplainsthisgap?Somepointtoculturalfactorsbut,asMr

Hamermeshpointsout,itishardtoseewhyAmericanculturesuddenly

differedfromthatoftherestoftheworldinthepast40years.Others

pointtolowertaxes,whichraisethevalueofputtingintheextrahour.Yet

AmericantaxeswerelowerthanEuropeanratesbackinthe1960s,when

workinghoursweresimilar.Anotherpotentialexplanationisthata

declineintradeunionmembershiphasweakenedAmericanworkers'

bargainingpower-butthemembershipratesinFranceandAmericaare

notfarapart.

Amorereasonableexplanationispolicy.Thereisnolegal

requirementtoofferpaidholidayinAmerica,whereasFrancerequiresa

minimumof25days,andGermany,24.

JohnMaynardKeynes,aneconomist,dreamedthathisgrandchildren

wouldbeworkingonly15hoursaweek.Butthedeclineinhourshe

predictedslowedafterthe1970s.Thismayshowthat35-40hoursisclose

tothemostefficientworkingperiod.Anymoreandworkersbecometoo

stressed;anylessandcompanieslosetoomuchproduction.Butitisalso

asignthatKeyneswaswrongtothinkthatsocietywouldplaceahigh

valueonextraleisure.

Inthedevelopedworldmostworkershavemorethanenoughtofeed

themselvesandtheirfamilies.Buttheystillwant“positional”

goods一homesinanicepartoftown,holidaysinfamousresortsand

possessionsthatdemonstratetheirsocialstatus.Pricesofthesegoodswill

bepushedhigher,drivingstatus-seekingemployeestoworkmorehours

toearnthem.

1.What'sthemeaningof“ithasnotalwaysbeenthecase“inthefirst

paragraph?

A.AmericansandEuropeansdon'thavethesameopinionaboutthework

andlesiure.

B.ThebusinesscultureisdifferentinAmericaandEurope.

C.Americansdidn'tworkharderthanEuropeans.

D.TherehadbeenlittledifferencebetweenAmericansandEuropeansin

workandleisurepatternsbefore.

2.Accordingtothetext,wecanlearnthat.

A.TheculturalfactoristhereasonwhyAmericansworkmorehours.

B.Bankstendtoputinmorehourstoworkatweekendsoratnight.

C.Status-seekingemployeesworkmorehourstoearnpositionalgoods.

D.Manypeoplethinkthecontinentaldivideledtothedifferencein

businessculture.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,whichoneofthefollowingisthereasonwhy

Americansworkmorehours?

A.PolicyB.culturalfactorC.lowertaxesD.adeclineintradeunion

membership

4.Whyis35-40hoursthemostsuitableworkingperiod?

A.Becauseitmakesworkerslessstressedandcompaniesmore

productive.

B.Becauseitmakessocietyplaceahighvalueonextraleisure.

C.Becauseitisenoughtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

D.BecauseitisanlegalrequirementinAmerican.

答案：DCAA

阅读理解4.

Manyworkersfocustheirhopesonclimbingthecareerladderof

theirorganisations.Theprospectofhigherpayhelpsexplaintheir

ambition,butsodoesthegreaterstatusthatcomeswitheachpromotion.

Buttheirambitioncanoftenendindisappointment.ThePeter

principle,developedbyLaurencePeterforabookpublishedin1969,

statesthatworkersgetpromoteduntiltheyreachtheirlevelof

incompetence.Itmakesperfectsense.Ifyouaregoodatyourjob,you

riseupthecareerladder.Eventually,therewillbeajobyouarenotgood

atandatthatpointyourcareerwillstop.Wecanconcludethatanysenior

staffmemberswhohavebeenintheirjobforanextendedperiodare

incompetent.

Thereisanotherproblemwithchasingthepromotion.Astudyfound

thatcompanieshaveastrongtendencytopromotethebestsalespeople.

Convincingotherstobuygoodsandservicesisausefulskill.Butthese

arenotthesamecapabilitiesasthestrategicplanningandadministrative

competenceneededtoleadasalesteam.ScottAdams,thecartoonist,

describedthisprobleminhisbook,“TheDilbertPrinciple^^.Inhisworld,

theleastcompetentpeoplegetpromotedbecausethesearethepeopleyou

don'twanttodotheactualwork.Itisfoolishtopromotethebest

salespersonorcomputerprogrammertoamanagementrole,sincethe

companywillthenlosetheiruniqueskills.Peoplegetpromoteduntilthey

reachalevelwhentheystopenjoyingtheirjobs.Atthispoint,itisnot

justtheircompetencethatisaffected;itistheirhappinessaswell.

Thetricktoavoidingthiscaseistosticktowhatyoulikedoing.If

youenjoyteaching,don'tbeaheadmasterorcollegeprincipal.Ifyoulike

writingarticlesandcolumns,editingotherpeople'sworkmaynotgive

youthesamedegreeofsatisfaction.

Anotherproblemwithpursuingfrequentpromotionsisthatthiscan

leadyoutolosecontrolofyourwork-lifebalance.Thehigherupthe

ladderyougo,thegreaterthedemandsarelikelytobeonyourtime.The

chiefexecutivewillexpectyoutobeavailableatweekends;afterall,that

iswhyyougethighsalaries.Ifyouareinchargeofageographicalregion,

youmayspendmuchofyourtimeonplanes.Andwhenyouarenot

travelling,yourdaywillbefilledwithmeetings.Attheendoftheday,

youwillhavebeenextremelybusy,butwith