一模前专题练04 阅读七选五之设空剖析-2026年高考《英语》冲刺复习三年真题解读四层模考

一模前专题练04阅读七选五之设空剖析【设空特点】卷别主题语境体裁话题设空位置及数量2025·全国一卷人与社会记叙文咖啡馆里平凡英雄段首设空0段中设空4段尾设空12025·全国二卷人与社会说明文家人同参志愿活动段首设空2段中设空2段尾设空12024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷人与自我说明文使用英语词典心得段首设空1段中设空4段尾设空02024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷人与自我说明文如何避免过度旅游段首设空1段中设空3段尾设空12023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷人与自我说明文自我宽恕增强自信段首设空0段中设空4段尾设空12023·新课标全国ⅠI卷人与自我说明文开启艺术之旅建议段首设空1段中设空3段尾设空1统计显示：三年高考段中设空为主(计20题)，段首、段尾设空为辅(各为5题)。在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，因而考查的功能也有所不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起承上启下或归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。【考情概览】一、段首设空的主要考点：段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。二、段中设空的主要考点：段中瞻前关联句、段中顾后关联句和段中瞻前顾后关联句。三、段尾设空的主要考点：首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面或段落；全文主题句；中间段末句设空的考点：总结型段尾句(空格所在段落的主题句或总结句，往往与段落开头呼应)；过渡型段尾句(承上启下过渡句或细节支撑句，与空前或下段内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；尾段末句设空的考点：往往是全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。此外，考生还要关注备选项和某些/个空格前后是“半截句”的情况：复合句残缺主句或从句；并列句残缺一个分句；简单句残缺某些成分(请参看本系列资料的三年真题解读02中的“八个‘匹配’要遵守”中的7.半截句匹配)。【解题锦囊】注意：三年真题解读02中的“解题通用四锦囊”和“八个‘匹配’”仍适用。笔者只不过是根据设空位置的不同将解题锦囊细化而已。一、解段首设空题1.上下“对标”对照其他标题的表达形式，上下“对标”，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致，即要遵守“句式匹配”原则。2.快速“提炼”注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串成大体的意思与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。这个主题与下文是“总——分”关系。3.合理“推断”认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨与备选项中的某些选项比对，搞定段落主题句。4.抓住“重点”设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。【典例】1【2023·全国甲卷节选】TricksToBecomingAPatientPerson…●Practicegratitude(感激)…●Makeyourselfwait…●___39___.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“___40___(Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable).”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheuncomfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【解析】研读文本，空格处在段与段之间，且单独成行，断定考查的是段落小标题。对照其他小标题，可知小标题句式为祈使句式，所以答案在选项ABC三个备选项中选择。寻找关键信息：在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段内容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable，C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。【典例】2【2024·全国甲卷节选】Whatismoderation(适度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.…Takeyourtime.…Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.…Controlemotional(情绪的)eating.…___40___Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陈代谢),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B.Wedon’talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C.Don’tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D.Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon’tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.【解析】研读文本，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、C、E中选择。寻找关键信息。设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陈代谢),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday,Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.(健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14—16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食”符合语境，故选A。【典例】3【2022·全国甲卷节选】ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(礼节)mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules….ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions...HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.…MakingRequests___39___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries….A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【解析】研读文本，结合其他段落结构，均含有小标题，包括本段。设空处位于标题之下，段落之首，应该定为段落过渡句；寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段小标题“MakingRequests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“Itmayseemlikesimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的，故选G。二、解段中设空题1.把握“主旨”利用段落小标题或段落首句的概括引领作用，对空格所在段的主旨做到心中有数。2.“瞻前”“顾后”“瞻前”：看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；“顾后”：看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；既“瞻前”又“顾后”：一层意思是指，既看段中空与空前部分在逻辑和语义上的关系，又看段中空与空后部分在逻辑和语义上的关系；另一层意思是指，看空格与备选项的某个选项的关联度(从词语复现、代词一致、逻辑一致以及语义一致等角度去权衡)。说明：以下这些逻辑关系主要集中体现在“段中空”中，都是其中部分关系也会出现在“段首空或段尾空”中，只不过为了突出其重要性，笔者放在这一块统一讲而已。(1)例证关系显性的和隐性的例证关系。显性例证关系的标志性词汇有：asamatterof/infact,forexample/forinstance,inotherwords/thatistosay,suchas,actually,like等等。类似于例证关系的还有解释关系：设空处是对前文观点的解辑和支持性说明。(2)并列关系常见的标志性词汇有：and,first,second,notonly...but...,firstly,next,then等等。(3)递进关系常见的标志性词汇有：also,even,besides,inaddition,further,furthermore,moreover,not...but,what’smore,tomakemattersworse,what’sworse,what’smore等等。(4)转折关系常见的标志性词汇有：but,however,though,yet,nevertheless,otherwise/or,whereas,instead,atanyrate,inanycase,onthecontrary以及although/though/as,inspiteof等等。另外，要注意让步关系常见的标志性词汇：although/though/as/while,despite/inspiteof等等。(5)因果关系常见的标志性词汇有：hence,so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult等等。特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。【典例】1【2024·全国甲卷节选】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).___36___Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.…A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，可能承上、可能启下、也可能承上启下，因此需要瞻前、顾后或瞻前顾后。根据上文(瞻前)“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F项“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。备选项F中的代词That与前一句话题一致，且内容也一致，故选F。【典例】2【2021·全国甲卷节选】Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.●Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.___37___,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，同时该句并不完整属于半截句，多半是启下，因此需要“顾后”。根据下文(顾后)“andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.”(可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制)说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“morethanthat”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Lesspeoplethanthat”(少于这些人)提出一种假设，和下文中“morethanthat”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，故选A。【典例】3【2022·全国甲卷节选】OnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious(有感染力)andcanbethedifferenceinastudenthavingamuchbetterdaythantheywerehavingbeforeseeingher.JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek.___39___“Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,”Wrightsaid.A.Thecafeclosesat9pmeveryday.B.Shehastwochildrenagedeightandfour.C.Sometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.D.Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.E.Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.F.Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.G.Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan’timagineworkinganywhereelse.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空，可能承上、可能启下、也可能承上启下，因此需要瞻前、顾后或瞻前顾后。根据上文(瞻前)“JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek.(乔安娜•赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天)”以及下文(顾后)“‘Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,’Wrightsaid.(赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F.“Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备)”中的“startsherdayoffgood”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerfulmood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系，故选F。【典例】4【2021·新高考I卷节选】Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.___38___Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。本段讲了巴黎人的饮食习惯，空后的句子提到了法国的草莓很好吃，空格处所选句子应该与空后的句子构成例证关系，话题与法国的美食相关，故选G项“Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)。【典例】5【2021·全国乙卷节选】●Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___38___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub;we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系，故选A。【典例】6【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.___37___Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词or。根据前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗”符合上下文语境，故选D。【典例】7【2023·浙江1月卷节选】Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.___37___Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.A.Traintripsaren’tforimpatienttypes.B.You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C.Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D.That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E.Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F.Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G.Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空后句中的Then，空处句子和后句是递进关系。而且根据空后句“你就不需要为了吃饭一天三次穿过数节移动的车厢了”可知，中间应该填代理人可以帮你做的事情并且和火车上吃饭有关。再结合G项句意“他也许可以帮你预定在餐车旁边的卧铺”可知，G项能够衔接上下文，比上文找到打折的票关系更进一步，符合语境，故选G。【典例】8【2025·浙江1月卷节选】●Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.___38___However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.A.Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词However。根据小标题可知，本段围绕沟通内容要简洁展开。根据空白处后可知，这里是将讲话者和听众进行对比，讲话者已经知道内容，而听众是第一次听，所以要简单明了。G项“作为讲话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”，与下文逻辑连贯，故选G。【典例】9【2023·全国甲卷节选】Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.___39___Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor....A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.【解析】研读文本，本题属于段中空。关注空格后面有个关键词Asaresult。根据空处后提示词“Asaresult”可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。根据空后句“Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunksoftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.”可以找出导致这种结果的原因。再结合F项句意“许多新手作者没有留出足够的修改空间”可知，这里指出了新手作者的常见错误做法，是空后句的因。因此F项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。三、解段尾设空题1.甄别考点：根据位置甄别考点(参看上文“段尾设空的主要考点”)。2.对症下药：首段末句设空和中间段末句设空，采用“前呼后应”法解题：尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟上文中的一两句呼应(也包括“词汇<同词或同义词>复现”方面的“呼应”)；或采用“瞻前顾后”法解题：先看空格前的句子，看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联；尾段末句设空，采用“逻辑优先”法解题：分析尾句与空格的上文之间(包括首段主题句)的逻辑关系。【典例】1【2021·浙江6月卷节选】You’vegotmail…andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.___11___“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit...”A.Andthat’stotallyfineB.ThatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeitC.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobbyD.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】(这是原文的第一段)。研读文本，本题属于首段句尾空。关注空格处的上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredimageofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师PauloMagalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。空格后的下文，即原文的第二段描述的是Paulo与家人朋友寄明信片的经历。选项G“Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingascribblednotefromsomeonefaraway.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”前呼后应，既总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，又引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题，故选G项。【典例】2【2020·全国新课标I卷(山东卷)节选】Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.___18___A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.TheobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudienceF.TakethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlistenersG.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.【解析】(这是原文的第三段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注空格处的上文的关键信息：即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。因而建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项“你不必为一个小失误道歉”呼应上句，是对待演讲出错的方法，故选C。【典例】3【2022·全国新课标I卷节选】Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.___39___A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【解析】(这是原文的倒数第二段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注关键信息：在段落中寻找同形词、同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。“notice”同词复现，故选G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”。【典例】4【2022·全国乙卷节选】___38___(F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking)?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.___39___.Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬)...Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】(这是原文的倒数第三段)。研读文本，本题属于中间段末句设空。关注关键信息：在段落中寻找同形词、同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据上文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，故选E。havelittletosay=won’tstoptalking同义复现。【典例】5【2025·北京卷节选】So,beinganadultisn’tjustholdingajob.Beinganadultisabouthavingarootedsenseofselfwhilebeingcapableofidentifyingandmanagingyouremotionsandactions.___38___(C.It’sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.)Weareasocialspecies,sothisisimportant.Whileraisinganadultisaparent’sjob,it’salsoourresponsibilityasasocietytoensurethatwesupportschoolsthatnurture(培养)emotionalandidentitydevelopment.___39___A.It’salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.B.Theytalkaboutsomeone’sinabilitytosupportthemselvesthroughwork.C.It’sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.D.Inotherwords,you’replayingthegameoflife—lifeisn’tplayingyou.E.Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.F.Youfeellikean18-yearold,especiallywhenplaying80smusic.G.Whenthisstageisdenieditcreatesasenseofinsecurity.【解析】(这是原文的最后一段)(原文体裁为议论文)。研读文本，本题属于尾段末句设空。关注空格处的上文“Whileraisinganadultisaparent’sjob,it’salsoourresponsibilityasasocietytoensurethatwesupportschoolsthatnurture(培养)emotionalandidentitydevelopment.(虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.(支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人，故选A。1Intoday’sdigitalera,weareconstantlysurroundedbynews,bothpositiveandnegative.Whilestayinginformediscrucial,thecontinuousfloodofheadlines,especiallysomethingdistressing,cansometimesbeoverwhelming.___36___Thus,findingabalancebetweenstayinginformedandmaintainingmentalwell-beingisessentialforahealthyrelationshipwithnews.Newsfatigueariseswhenindividualsfeelemotionallydrainedfromconsumingexcessiveinformation,particularlynegativereports.___37___Thesemayincludeincreasedanxiety,emotionalnumbnessovertime,anddifficultyconcentratingondailytasks.Psychologistswarnthatprolongedexposuretodistressingnewsmayevenweakenone’sabilitytoempathizewithothers.Tofosterhealthynewsconsumption,considerthefollowingstrategies:setspecifictimestocatchuponnews.Forexample,avoidcheckingnewsimmediatelyafterwakinguporbeforesleeping,asthesemomentsarecriticalformentalrelaxation.Choosereliablenewsoutletsthatofferbalancedreportingratherthansensationalheadlinesdesignedtocausepanic.___38___Andskipstoriesthatmerelyaddunnecessarystress.Whenastoryupsetsyou,lookforwaystocontribute,suchasvolunteering,donating,orspreadingawareness.___39___Additionally,youcanextendyourcontribution,suchasinvitingotherstojoinyouortrackingsmallimpacts,tohandlethedistress.___40___Followsocialmediaaccountsornewslettersdedicatedtosharingactsofkindness,scientificbreakthroughs,orcommunityachievements.Remindyourselfthatwhilechallengesexist,countlessgooddeedsandprogressoccurdaily.Remember,youdon’tneedtoconsumeeverypieceofnewstobeaninformedcitizen.Bycultivatingmindfulmediahabitsandintentionallybalancinginformationintake,youcanstayinformedwithoutsacrificingemotionalwell-being.A.Suchstateleadstomeasurableconsequences.B.Checknewsconstantlytoavoidmissingupdates.C.Theseactiveresponseshelpreducefeelingsofhelplessness.D.Turningtopositivenewssourceshelpsbalancenegativenews.E.Sharinginspiringnewsonlinecontributestoattractingmoreattention.F.Focusonnewsthatdirectlyaffectsyouorcorrespondswithyourinterests.G.Exposuretodistressingnewsstoriescancauseanxietyandemotionalexhaustion.【答案】36.G37.A38.F39.C40.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍数字时代如何平衡获取新闻与心理健康，分析新闻疲劳的影响，并给出健康新闻消费的策略，助力理性看待新闻。36.根据上文“Intoday’sdigitalera,weareconstantlysurroundedbynews,bothpositiveandnegative.Whilestayinginformediscrucial,thecontinuousfloodofheadlines,especiallysomethingdistressing,cansometimesbeoverwhelming.(在如今的数字时代，我们始终被各类新闻包围，既有积极的也有消极的。尽管了解信息至关重要，但源源不断的新闻标题，尤其是令人不安的内容，有时会让人难以承受)”以及下文“Thus,findingabalancebetweenstayinginformedandmaintainingmentalwell-beingisessentialforahealthyrelationshipwithnews.(因此，在了解信息与维护心理健康之间找到平衡，对于与新闻建立健康关系至关重要)”可知，此空需补充“令人不安的新闻”对心理的具体影响，为下文“找平衡”提供依据。G选项“Exposuretodistressingnewsstoriescancauseanxietyandemotionalexhaustion.(接触令人不安的新闻会引发焦虑和情绪耗竭)”直接说明负面新闻的心理影响，既承接上文“令人不安的内容难以承受”，又呼应下文“维护心理健康”的必要性，符合语境，故选G项。37.根据上文“Newsfatigueariseswhenindividualsfeelemotionallydrainedfromconsumingexcessiveinformation,particularlynegativereports.(当人们因摄入过多信息，尤其是负面报道而感到情绪枯竭时，新闻疲劳就会产生)”以及下文“Thesemayincludeincreasedanxiety,emotionalnumbnessovertime,anddifficultyconcentratingondailytasks.(这些影响可能包括焦虑加剧、长期情绪麻木以及难以专注于日常任务)”可知，此空需衔接“新闻疲劳”与“具体影响”，说明新闻疲劳会带来可感知的后果。A选项“Suchstateleadstomeasurableconsequences.(这种状态会导致严重的后果)”中的“Suchstate”指代“新闻疲劳”，“measurableconsequences”引出下文“焦虑、情绪麻木”等具体影响，符合语境，故选A项。38.根据上文“Forexample,avoidcheckingnewsimmediatelyafterwakinguporbeforesleeping,asthesemomentsarecriticalformentalrelaxation.Choosereliablenewsoutletsthatofferbalancedreportingratherthansensationalheadlinesdesignedtocausepanic.(比如，避免醒来后立即看新闻或睡前看新闻，因为这两个时段对心理放松至关重要。选择那些能提供均衡报道的可靠新闻媒体，而非那些为制造恐慌而设计耸人听闻标题的媒体)”以及下文“Andskipstoriesthatmerelyaddunnecessarystress.(跳过那些只会增加不必要压力的新闻)”可知，此空需补充“健康新闻消费”的另一策略，即选择有价值的新闻。F选项“Focusonnewsthatdirectlyaffectsyouorcorrespondswithyourinterests.(关注那些直接影响你或与你兴趣相符的新闻)”既呼应“健康新闻消费”的主题，又与下文“跳过无意义新闻”形成互补，符合语境，故选F项。39.根据上文“Whenastoryupsetsyou,lookforwaystocontribute,suchasvolunteering,donating,orspreadingawareness.(当某条新闻让你不安时，寻找能提供帮助的方式，比如志愿服务、捐款或传播相关知识)”以及下文“Additionally,youcanextendyourcontribution,suchasinvitingotherstojoinyouortrackingsmallimpacts,tohandlethedistress.(此外，你可以扩大帮助范围，比如