国开期末考试《理工英语4》机考试题及答案

国开期末考试《理工英语4》机考试题及答案PartIListeningComprehension(25points)SectionANewsReports(每小题1分，共5分)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachreportyouwillheartwoquestions.Boththereportsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.NewsReport11.A)Anewbatterycanbefullychargedin90seconds.B)Agraphene-basedbatterydoublesthemileageofEVs.C)Astart-upplanstocommercializealuminum-airbatteries.D)Asolid-statebatterypassedthe10000-cycletestlastweek.答案：C2.A)Thecostofrawaluminum.B)Theshortageofchargingstations.D)Therecyclingofdischargeproducts.D)Thepatentdisputewitharivalcompany.答案：ANewsReport23.A)3-DprintedcoralreefsweredeployedintheRedSea.B)Scientistsusedsoundtostimulatecorallarvalsettlement.C)AnewspeciesofcoralwasdiscoverednearBahrain.D)CoralbleachinginthePacificreachedarecordhigh.答案：B4.A)Loudspeakerswerepoweredbytidalenergy.B)Healthyreefrecordingsacceleratedregrowthby700%.C)TheprojectwasfundedbytheEuropeanSpaceAgency.D)OnlyAcroporacoralsrespondedtotheacoustictreatment.答案：BNewsReport35.A)Aquantumcomputersolveda2048-bitencryptionproblem.B)IBMunveileda433-qubitOspreyprocessor.C)Chinalaunchedaquantumcommunicationsatellite.D)Googleclaimedquantumsupremacyinproteinfolding.答案：BSectionBLongConversation(每小题1分，共5分)Directions:Youwillhearaconversationbetweenaroboticsengineerandalogisticsmanager.Choosethebestanswer.6.A)Automatedguidedvehicles.B)Collaborativerobotarms.C)Swarmdronesforinventory.D)Exoskeletonsforwarehouseworkers.答案：C7.A)5Glatencybelow1ms.B)A3-Dmapupdatedeverysecond.C)Batteryswapinunder30seconds.D)Redundantlidararrays.答案：A8.A)Theyreducedpickingerrorsby38%.B)Theyincreasedthroughputby52%.C)Theyeliminatednight-shiftovertime.D)Theycutcardboardwasteby20%.答案：A9.A)Cyber-securityinsurancepremiums.B)Trade-unionresistancetolayoffs.C)FirmwarecompatibilitywithWMS4.2.D)Electromagneticinterferencefromconveyors.答案：C10.A)DeployapilotzoneinRotterdamfirst.B)Replaceallconveyorbeltswithin90days.C)OutsourcesoftwareupdatestoaPolishfirm.D)ApplyforanEUgreen-logisticsgrant.答案：ASectionCPassageListening(每小题1分，共5分)Directions:Listentoalectureonperovskitesolarcellsandchoosethebestanswer.11.A)Theycontainnotoxicmetals.B)Theycanbeprintedonplasticfilm.C)Theyoperateat200°Ccontinuously.D)Theydegradewithin100hoursinsunlight.答案：B12.A)Encapsulationwithepoxyglass.B)Mixingcationsofdifferentsizes.C)Replacingiodinewithbromine.D)Addingagraphenelayeratthebackcontact.答案：B13.A)25.7%.B)29.1%.C)31.4%.D)33.8%.答案：A14.A)Leadleakageintosoil.B)Highcapitalcostofspin-coaters.C)Patentthicketsheldbytwouniversities.D)Shortageofhigh-puritymethylamine.答案：A15.A)Atandemcellwithsiliconisalreadyonthemarket.B)Flexibleperovskitemoduleswillenterpilotproductionin2025.C)TheEUwillbanperovskitescontainingleadby2027.D)Massproductionwillrelyonvacuumdeposition.答案：BSectionDCompoundDictation(每空1分，共10分)Directions:ListentoashorttalkonCRISPRgeneeditingandfillintheblankswithexactwords.Gene-editedTcellsarenowbeingprogrammedtohunt(16)cancercellswhilesparinghealthytissue.Thenewestprotocoluses(17)ribonucleoproteinsinsteadofplasmids,cuttingtheon-targeteditingtimeto(18)eighthoursandreducingoff-targeteventsbelow(19)0.01percent.Clinical-gradeCas9isproducedin(20)GMP-certifiedfacilitiesunder(21)20°C±2°C.Thevectorisdeliveredthroughan(22)electroporationpulseof1400Vlasting(23)20milliseconds.Patientsaremonitoredfor(24)cytokinereleasesyndromeforatleast(25)72hourspostinfusion.答案：16.malignant17.purified18.eight19.0.0120.GMP-certified21.2022.electroporation23.2024.cytokine25.72PartIIVocabulary&Structure(20points)SectionAWordSelection(每小题0.5分，共10分)Directions:Choosethewordthatbestcompleteseachsentence.26.Thedrone’spropellerswereredesignedto________theacousticsignaturebelow40dB.A)attenuateB)accentuateC)enumerateD)retaliate答案：A27.Quantum________makesittheoreticallyimpossibletocloneanunknownqubit.A)entanglementB)superpositionC)no-cloningD)tunneling答案：C28.Theelectrolytewasdopedwithlithiumdifluoro-oxalateto________interfacialimpedance.A)incurB)mitigateC)proliferateD)excavate答案：B29.A________algorithmwasadoptedtopreventgradientexplosionindeepnetworks.A)heuristicB)stochasticC)gradient-clippingD)convolutional答案：C30.Thesatellite’sattitudeiscontrolledbythreemutually________reactionwheels.A)orthogonalB)parallelC)collinearD)tangential答案：A(31-45略，共15题，均按此格式，答案依次为：B,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,A,D,C,B,A,D)SectionBCloze(每小题1分，共10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.ThefeasibilityofMartianin-situresourceutilization(ISRU)hingesonourabilitytoextractsubsurfacewaterice.A(n)(46)________(drill)capableofpenetratingthreemetersofpermafrosthasbeenprototyped.Thedeviceemploysarotary-percussivemechanismdrivenbya(47)________(compact)ultrasonicactuator.Topreventicesublimation,theboreholeissealedwitha(n)(48)________(expand)elastomerplug.Theextractediceisthenheatedina(n)(49)________(pressure)chamberto20°C,yieldingliquidwaterthatiselectrolyzedtoproduce(50)________(breath)oxygenandpropellant-grademethane.Theoverallenergybudgetis(51)________(optimize)througharegenerativefuelcellthatrecycles80%ofthewasteheat.Apilotplantisexpectedtobe(52)________(deploy)duringtheNASAArtemismission.Ifthetechnologyis(53)________(prove)reliable,themasslaunchedfromEarthcouldbe(54)________(reduce)by28%,whichwould(55)________(substantial)lowermissioncosts.答案：46.drill47.compact48.expandable49.pressurized50.breathable51.optimized52.deployed53.proven54.reduced55.substantiallyPartIIIReadingComprehension(30points)SectionASkimming&Scanning(每小题1分，共10分)Directions:Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Passage1AteamfromMIThasdemonstratedapassivecoolingmetamaterialthatreflects96%ofsunlightwhileemittingintheatmospherictransparencywindow.Theglass-polymerhybridmeasuresjust50µmthickandcanbemanufacturedatroll-to-rollspeedsof2ms⁻¹.FieldtestsinPhoenixshowedsub-ambienttemperaturedropsof5.8°Catnoon.Thepaybackperiodforcommercialbuildingsisestimatedat11monthsinArizonaand18monthsinFlorida.56.Whatpercentageofsunlightdoesthemetamaterialreflect?答案：96%57.Whatisthethicknessofthehybridfilm?答案：50µm58.Whichcitywitnesseda5.8°Cdrop?答案：Phoenix59.HowlongisthepaybackperiodinFlorida?答案：18months60.Themanufacturingmethodis________.答案：roll-to-rollSectionBDetailedReading(每小题2分，共10分)Passage2Perovskite-on-silicontandemcellshavereached31.4%efficiencyincertifiedtests.Thekeybreakthroughisaself-assembledmonolayer(SAM)thatpassivatestheperovskite/Siinterface.TheSAMcontainsphosphonicacidgroupsthatanchortothesiliconoxidesurface,reducinginterfacedefectdensityfrom1×10¹²cm⁻²eV⁻¹to1×10¹⁰cm⁻²eV⁻¹.Stabilitytestsshow92%retentionafter1000hat85°Cand85%relativehumidity.EncapsulationisachievedviaaUV-curedepoxycontaining2%grapheneoxideflakesthatblockwatervaportransmissionratesbelow10⁻⁴gm⁻²day⁻¹.61.Thecertifiedefficiencyis________.答案：31.4%62.TheSAMreducesdefectdensitybyhowmanyordersofmagnitude?答案：263.Whatistheretentionratioafterthedamp-heattest?答案：92%64.WhichfunctionalgroupanchorstheSAM?答案：phosphonicacid65.Theepoxycontains________%grapheneoxide.答案：2SectionCBankedCloze(每小题1分，共10分)Directions:Chooseonewordfromthelisttofillineachblank.Eachwordcanbeusedonce.A)volatileB)latencyC)throughputD)firmwareE)harnessF)intermittentG)supercapacitorsH)retrofitI)anomalyJ)dissipateThemicro-gridonKodiakIslandmustcopewith(66)________windresources.To(67)________thegustypower,2MWof(68)________areinstalledinsideshippingcontainers.Apredictivealgorithmrunningonupdated(69)________reducesbattery(70)________to3ms,allowingdieselgeneratorstoshutdownwithin30sofasupply(71)________.Theentirefacilitycanbe(72)________withouthaltingoperations,ensuringcontinuous(73)________of1.2GWhmonth⁻¹.Excessenergyisusedto(74)________heatforthelocalfish-processingplant,eliminatingtheneedfor(75)________organicsolvents.答案：66.intermittent67.harness68.supercapacitors69.firmware70.latency71.anomaly72.retrofitted73.throughput74.dissipate75.volatilePartIVTranslation(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.中文：基于深度强化学习的边缘缓存策略通过预测用户请求模式，将热门内容提前推送到基站端，从而将平均回传负载降低了42%，同时把用户体验速率提升了三倍，且无需额外硬件投资。答案：Anedge-cachingpolicypoweredbydeepreinforcementlearningpredictsuser-requestpatternsandproactivelypushespopularcontenttobasestations,cuttingaveragebackhaultrafficby42%whiletriplingtheuser-experiencedratewithoutrequiringextrahardw