重点词汇＋短语句型（清单）

选择性必修一Unit1PeopleofAchievement一、重点单词1.committedadj尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的，→commitvt.承诺，保证。犯（错误、罪行）→commitmentn.投入，奉献；承诺(1)犯罪commitacrime(2)把某物投入到某事上commitsthtosth(3)抽出一小时读英语:commitanhourtoreadingEnglish(4)承诺做某事:commitsb/oneselftodoingsth=makeacommitmenttodoingsth(5)尽力做某事:becommittedtodoingsth2.distinct.adj清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctionn.差别特性；杰出；殊荣(1)很明显Itisdistinctthat….(2)区分开来；区别对待:makeadistinction(3)没有区别:makenodistinction(4)和之间的区别:distinctionbetween…and…3.acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）：（公开）感谢→acknowledgmentn.承认，答谢(1)承认做某事:acknowledgedoingsth(2)承认acknowledgethat….(3)承认某人、事为acknowledgesb/sthas…/tobe…(4)大家所公认的是Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…4.insistvi/vt坚持；坚决要求(1)坚决要求做insistondoingsth(2)坚决要求某人做:insistthatsb(should)+动词原形5.conclusionn.结论；推论→concluden.总结(1)得出结论：cometo/draw/reachaconclusion(2)匆忙下结论:jumptoconclusions(3)使结束:bring…toaconclusion(1)最后:toconclude(2)以结束concludewith6.passionn酷爱；激情→passionate

adj.热情的(1)充满激情地:withpassion(2)唤起某人的激情:arouseone’spassion(3)充满激情:befilledwithpassion(4)酷爱haveapassionfor7.consequencen.结果；后果→consequentadj

随之发生的→consequentlyadv结果，因此

(1)结果，因此:

asaconsequence==inconsequence=asaresult(2)作为、的结果:

asaconsequenceof==inconsequenceof=asaresultof(3)承担、承受、面临（某事的）后果:

take/suffer/facetheconsequencesofsth(4)不重要的，无足轻重的:

oflittle/noconsequence8.sumvi总结；概括n金额；款项；总数；总和(1)概括起来说:tosumup(2)许多，大量:asumof(3)一大笔钱:alargesumofmoney(4)作总结；概括地说:sumup二、重点短语1.standupto

经得住（检验等）1.支持，维护：standupfor2.代表，象征:standfor3.袖手旁观；支持某人；信守，遵守（诺言、协定）:standby4.突出，显眼，脱颖而出:standetopower

(开始)掌权；上台（强调动作）1.执政（状态）beinpower2.为某人能力所不及:beyondone’spower3.在能力（权力）之内:withinone’spower3.takeup

占用（时间），占据空间；接受；开始从事1.占用大量的时间：takeupalotoftime2.占空间:takeupspace/room3.开始从事写作:takeupwriting4.拆开，拆卸:takeapart5.吸收；理解；收留；欺骗:takein6.脱下；起飞；突然开始成功，突然大受欢迎；休假:takeoff7.呈现；雇用；承担:takeon8.接管，接任:takeover9.注意到:takenoticeof三、重点句式1.On/upon+n/ving是介词短语，表示“一就”作时间状语总结“一就”的其他表达法：一、就（引导时间状语从句）assoonas(1)Hardly/scarely…when…/nosooner….than…(注意：当hardly.Scarcely,nosoonerthan位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装)(2)一看见、听见atthesight/soundof(3)名词作连词、后跟句子themoment/minute/instant/second+句子(4)副词用作连词，后跟句子：immediately/instantly/directly+句子2.Itstrikessbthat….某人突然想到某人突然想到的其他表达方式：sthoccurstosb/sthhitssb/sthstrikessb/

Itoccurstosbthat…thitsbthat…3.Asthough/if从句（虚拟语气）注意：asif/though从句用虚拟语气从句用一般过去时（与现在事实相反）从句用过去完成时（过去事实相反）从句用would/could/mightdo形式（与将来的事实相反）Unit2LookingintotheFuture一、重点词汇1.secureadj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护→insecureadj.不安全的；缺乏信心的

→securelyadv.安全地；安心地；牢固地；有把握地→securityn.[U]安全；平安feelsecureabout...对...感到安心

besecureagainst/from...没有...的危险secure...against...保护...免于受到...(危害)2.preferencen.爱好;偏爱→preferv.更喜欢...；喜欢...多于...→preferableadj.更可取的，更适合的haveapreferencefor...偏爱inpreferenceto...优先于;而不是give(a)preferenceto...给以优惠；优待inpreferenceto

优先于……3.commandn.指令;命令;控制vt.命令;控制(1)underthecommandof＝underone'scommand由……指挥，由……控制beincommandof

控制……takecommandof

控制……haveacommandof...

了解/掌握……(2)commandsb.todosth.

命令某人做某事command＋that从句，谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”形式4.available

adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；（人）有空的beavailableforsth.可用于...beavailabletodosth.可以做某事...beavailableto/forsb....对某人来说是可以获得的5.opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠(1)oppose(doing)sth.＝objectto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事(2)opposedadj.

反对的；对立的beopposedto(doing)sth.＝beagainst(doing)sth.反对(做)某事(to为介词)asopposedto

而，相对于(表示对比)【名师点津】“反对(做)某事”的多种表达：beopposedto(doing)sth.oppose(doing)sth.objectto(doing)sth.beagainst(doing)sth.6.resistvi.&vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistancen.抗拒，反对→resistantadj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的resistsb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth.抵制做某事can'tresist/helpdoingsth.

情不自禁做某事beresistantto...

对……有抵抗力7.switchvt.转换；交换vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变n．开关；转换器；改变(1)makeaswitch改变(2)switchoff

关(电灯、机器等)；切断(电流、气体等)switchon

开(电灯、机器等)；打开(开关)；接通(电流等)switch(from...)to...

(从……)转变成，(从……)转换到switchsth.withsb.

和某人交换某物8.instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→instantlyadv.

立刻，马上inaninstant(＝immediately)立刻theinstant(that)＝assoonas

一……就……(at)anyinstant随时；在任何情况下foraninstant

片刻；一瞬间[名师点津]瞬间名词moment,instant,minute,second与定冠词the连用可引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。9.absencen．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absentadj.缺席的，不在的→absentmindedadj.心不在焉的absencefrom...缺席……；没参加……absenceofmind

心不在焉during/inone'sabsence(＝intheabsenceofsb.)当某人缺席/不在的时候beabsentfrom...缺席，不在二、重点短语1.inthissense(in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲inthatsense从这种(某种)意义上来讲inasense

在某种意义上innosense

决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)there'snosenseindoingsth.做……是没有道理/作用的2.earlyon在初期；早先attheearliest作为最早日期，最早earlyinlife早年的时候earlyorlate迟早,早晚3.keepintouch(with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)getin/intotouchwith和……取得联系losetouchwith

和……失去联系；对……变得生疏beintouchwith

同……有联系；了解……的情况beoutoftouchwith同……失去联系；与……没有通信三、重点句型1.what引导名词性从句(1)what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。(2)what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。(3)what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。[名师点津]名词性从句中的what与thatwhat引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。2.“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。3.before引导时间状语从句(1)“Itwas＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。(2)“Itwasnotlongbefore...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。(3)“Itwillnotbelongbefore...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。(4)“Itwillbe＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。4.as引导原因状语从句(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；一边……一边……；随着”。(2)引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；就像”。(3)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，从句应倒装。(4)引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。Unit3FascinationParks一、重点单词1.edgen．边；边缘；边线；刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移动；给……加边(1)edgetowards...朝……缓慢移动edgealong...沿……缓慢移动(2)onedge竖着；直立着；紧张不安的attheedgeof...在……边缘处2.banvt.明令禁止；取缔n．禁令(1)ban(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)abanon/againststh.对某事的禁令place/put...underaban

禁止……imposeabanon...对实施禁令liftthebanon...解除对…的禁令[名师点津]“禁止某人做某事”的表达：bansb.fromdoinghibitsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.3.accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏accompanysb.tosomeplace

陪伴/陪同某人到某地accompanysb.at/onsth.(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏beaccompaniedby...由某人陪同；由……伴奏accompanysb.＝keeppany陪伴某人4.appealvi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉n.吸引力；感染力；呼吁；上诉；请求(1)appealto...有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动appealtosb.for...向某人呼吁或请求……(2)makeanappealtosb.

向某人提出呼吁；引起某人兴趣haveappealfor...对……有吸引力5.amusementn．娱乐(活动)；愉悦→amusevt.

逗……笑；娱乐；消遣→amusingadj.

逗人笑的；好笑的→amusedadj.觉得好笑的toone'samusement令某人觉得好笑的是withamusement愉悦地；好笑地amusesb./oneselfwithsth.

以某事/某物逗乐某人/自己6.accurateadj.精确的；准确的→accuratelyadv.精确地；准确地→accuracyn.精确；准确tobeaccurate确切地说beaccuratein...在……方面正确二、重点短语1.onthemove在行进中；在移动中getamoveon行动起来；赶快采取行动；采取紧急措施getonthemove

开始移动；开始走动makeamove

走一步(棋)；离开；开始行动2.setout出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作setout(todo...)动身；起程；开始做setabout(doing...)

着手做setoff

出发；动身；使爆炸；引起setaside

留出；对……置之不理setdown

写下；记下setup

建立；创立；安排三、重点句式1.whether引导名词性从句(1)whether引导的名词性从句还可以用作主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等。(2)引导名词性从句时用whether或if的区别：whether可以直接和ornot连用，if不可以；引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether不用if；引导表语从句、同位语从句，用whether不用if；动词不定式之前用whether不用if。2.完全倒装需要完全倒装的情况：(1)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in,out,down,up,off,back,away,over,there,now,then,here等位于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，常见介词有：among,between,in,at,beneath等。(3)“表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。3.whichever和whatever引导让步状语从句(1)whatever,whichever,who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句。(2)nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho(m)只引导让步状语从句。(3)wherever＝nomatterwhere,whenever＝nomatterwhen,however＝nomatterhow用来引导让步状语从句。4.morethan...不仅仅(1)morethan＋数词，意为“多于；超过……”morethan＋形容词/副词/动词，意为“非常……”morethan＋...can/could，意为“超过……的能力范围”more...than与其说……倒不如说(2)nomorethan仅仅；只不过(3)notmorethan不超过[名师点津]“morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Unit4BodyLanguage一、重点词汇1.varyvi.(根据情况)变化；改变→varietyn.变化；种类；多样性→variousadj.各种各样的varyinsth.在某方面不同varywithsth.随……而变化varybetween...and...＝varyfrom...to...由……到……情况不等avarietyof＝varietiesof许多的；各种各样的2.approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→approvaln.赞成；同意；批准；认可approveof赞成；同意approveofsb./sb.'s(doing)sth.同意某人(做)某事3.witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证n．目击者；证人(1)witnesssth.目击了某事witnessto(doing)sth.证实，证明(做)某事witnessfor为……作证(2)beawitnesstosth.是某事的证据/证人bear/givewitnessto做……的证人；为……作证4.differvi.不同于；相异→differentadj.不同的→differencen.不同，差别differfrom...与……不同/有区别differin...在……方面不同differwithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人在某事上持不同(看法)bedifferentfrom...与……不同makeadifference(to...)(对……)有作用或影响5.favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n．帮助；恩惠；赞同dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人的忙asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb.请求某人帮忙infavourof...支持……inone'sfavour对某人有利6.breakdown消除；分解；打破breakawayfrom脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规breakin闯入；强行进入breakout突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)breakup打碎；分裂；解体；解散7.reliableadj.可信赖的；可靠的→relyv.

信任；信赖；依赖；依靠areliablefriend可靠的朋友bereliableas

作为……是可靠的relyon/upon

依靠；依赖relyonitthat...相信8.tendency

n.趋势；倾向→tendvt.往往会vi.趋向vi.&vt.照管；护理atendency(forsb./sth.)todo...atendencyto/towards.........的倾向/二、重点句式1.不定式短语作后置定语(1)在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext,theonly等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。(2)在time,way,chance,ability,promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。2.whendoing...当when，while，before，after，unless，asif，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。3.比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义最高级意义的多种表达法：(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as(3)比较级＋than＋alltheother＋名词复数theother＋名词复数anyother＋名词单数anyoftheother＋名词复数anything/anyoneelseUnit5WorkingtheLand一、重点词汇1.devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的→devotionn.奉献；关爱devote...to(doing)sth.把……献给(做)某事devoteoneselfto...＝bedevotedto...献身于；专心致力于2.convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincingadj.令人信服的→convincinglyadv.令人信服地；有说服力地→convincedadj.

确信的；坚信的convincesb.ofsth.使某人确信/明白某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事beconvincedof

相信……beconvinced(that)...(某人)相信……3.assumptionn．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assumev.

假定；设想→assuming(that)...

假设/假定……makeanassumption认为；假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……assumesb./sth.tobe

假定/假设某人/某事为Itisassumedthat...一般认为……4.expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加

vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansionn.扩张；膨胀；扩展；扩大expand...into...把……扩展/发展成……expandinto...发展成/扩大成……expandonsth.细说(阐述)……5.becomprisedof...包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)becomposedof...由……组成consistof...由……组成bemadeupof...由……组成，构成[名师点津]consistof...没有被动语态，相当于bemadeupof...或becomposedof...，且不用于进行时。6.deepdown在内心深处；本质上；实际上→deeplyadv.很，非常；强烈地，深深地→deepenvi.&vt.加深,加深（理解）→depthn.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）indepth全面；深入；详细atadepthof...在...的深处二、重点句式1.what引导主语从句what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。[名师点津]

what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。2.Itis/was＋过去分词＋that...(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.＋besaid/believed/thought＋todo”或“peoplesay/think...(that)...”结构。3.giventhat...引导的状语从句(1)用作give的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有……”，“假定……”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。(4)given后也可接that从句，表示“考虑到”。Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldbegrownbetter.→Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Givenherinterestinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.→Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.单句语法填空1．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief______(catch)．2．Hewas______(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenews.3．Ourleaderinsistedthatwe_______(carry)itout.4．Someofthepeople_______(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.5．Helearnedthe_______(distinct)betweengoldandlead.6．Thismaterialisveryrareandisalsohard_______(obtain)．7．Theoldmanismore______ourteacher；he’salsoourfriend.8．______(science)researchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbandsby5－10years.9．Ihadachance________(visit)theGreatWalllastmonth.

10．Havingadoptedanewmethod，theyworkedmore________(efficient).

11．Thelittlechildwasfrightenedbythefiercedogwhichwasa________(clone)monster.

12．MrSmithlikestohelpuseven________heisverybusy.13．Iholdthebeliefthatthisvoluntaryworkwillbe________(benefit)tome.

14．Ontheonehand，peoplearemorethaneager________(share)ideaswithothers.

15．Thewomanwasstandingthereasifshe________(be)astatue.

16．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman________(elect)tothecommittee.

17．Itis_______(believe)thatsmokingdoesharmtoourhealth.

18．Iknowaman_______(work)inthatfactory.

19.Theyknowthiscar-itiscarryingapersonveryfamiliar______them.20.James,achocolate-brownpointermix,turnedfrom______(adore)pettoproblemchildinamatterofweeks.21.Sheaddressedmewithaneasy______(familiar)thatmademefeelathome..22.Itwastheboywhohadbeeninprison______stolethemoney.23.Tracksuits,cyclingshortsandrunningshoesareverymuch______fashionnowforeverydaywear.24.Finallysheput______abluedressofbeautifulsilkthatfitherwellandsheappearedtowantthemost.25.Thereistobeatotalbanon_____(park)inthisstreet.26.She______(rare)wentanywhereexcepttoheroffice.27.Thearticle______(accurate)reflectspublicopinion.28.Helookedontheorphanashis______(adopt)son.29.Thereisa_______(tend)forpeopletospendmoreandmoretimeontheirmobilephones.30.Bearitinmind：Neverfeelashamed______(ask)andlearnfromothers.31.Hehasdistinguished_______(him)manytimesattheriskoflifesincehejoinedthearmy.32.Comingtoanothercountrytostudyrequiresabig_________(adjust)andittakesawhiletofitin.33.Iamnotashamedtoadmitthatmyinterestscome_____conflictwithyours.34.Sincetheweatherisbad，let’scall_____thetriptothetemple.35.Shehadherhat______(blow)awayonherwayhome，whichmadehersoembarrassed.36.Whetheryouwillsucceeddependslargelyonhowyoureact__challengingjobsinyourlife.37.UnfortunatelyChaplin’sfatherdied，_______(leave)thefamilyevenworseoff.38.Incontrasttomanyothercountries，lunchhereisnotaquicksnack_______(consume)infrontofthecomputeroronthewaytoameeting.39.Weshouldunitetofight_______(poor)anddiseaseandbuildabettercountry.40.Whathewantsisaswitch____amarketeconomyinawaythatdoesn’treducepeople’sstandardofliving.41.Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly：thosearethetwo________(alternative).42.Theshopassistantshadtohavetheirdaysoff_____turns.【答案】1.beingcaught2.apparently

3.(should)carry

4.invited5.distinctions6.toobtain7.than

8.Scientific9．tovisit10．efficiently11．cloned12．if/though13．beneficial14．toshare15．were16．tobeelected17．believed18．working19.to20.adorable21.familiarity22.that23.in24.on25.parking26.rarely27.accurately28.ad