Unit5Education一轮复习课件-高三英语北师大版选择性

2026届高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习课件——选择性必修第二册UNIT5EDUCATION课时习题巩固检测重点单词及句型讲解派生词及重点短语梳理Content

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派生词及重点短语梳理

派生词梳理1.significancen.重要性,意义significantadj.有重大意义的;显著的2.promotevt.促进,增进promotionn.提升;提拔;促销活动3.consistentadj.一贯的,一致的consistvi.由……组成;在于;与……一致4.analysevt. 分析,剖析analysisn.分析,分析结果5.philosophern.哲学家philosophyn.哲学6.evaluatevt. 评估,评价evaluationn.评估,评价7.exceptionallyadv. 极其,非常;例外地exceptprep.除了……之外exceptionn.例外exceptionaladj.杰出的;优秀的;特别的8.restrictionn.限制,规定,约束restrictvt.限制;约束restrictiveadj.限制性的;约束的9.unbearableadj.难以忍受的;承受不住的bearvt.忍受bearableadj.可以忍受的10.troublesomeadj.引起麻烦的;令人烦恼的;棘手的troublen.问题;困难11.excitementn.兴奋,激动excitevt.使激动;使兴奋excitedadj.激动的;兴奋的excitingadj.令人激动的12.painfuladj.令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的painn.(身体上的)疼痛;痛苦painfullyadv.令人痛苦地;艰难地13.enthusiasticadj. 热心的,热衷的enthusiasticallyadv.热情地,热心地enthusiasmn.热情;热忱14.puzzlevt.使困惑,使迷惑n.谜;难题puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的,令人费解的puzzledadj.困惑的;迷惑不解的15.disappointedadj.失望的,沮丧的disappointvt.使失望;使破灭;使落空disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.[U]失望;[C]使人失望的人(或事物)16.contributevi.&

vt.奉献,捐献;促成contributionn.贡献;捐助17.financen. 金融;财政financialadj.金融的;财政的18.exposevt. 使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露exposuren.接触;暴露19.surroundingadj.四周的,附近的surroundvt.(使)包围;围绕surroundingsn.环境20.judgementn.判断力;意见,评价;判决judgevi.&

vt.判断

n.法官;审判员21.behavevi. 表现behavio(u)rn.举止;态度;行为22.conclusionn.结论concludevt.推断出;得出结论23.definitionn.定义,释义definevt.给(词语)下定义24.responsibilityn. 责任responsibleadj.有责任25.assessvt.评价assessmentn.评估;评定;核定;判定26.inefficientadj.效率低的,能力差的efficientadj.效率高的;有能力的efficiencyn.效率27.approvevt.赞成;赞许;批准approvingadj.赞成的,同意的approvaln.赞成;同意;批准disapprovevt.不赞成;反对

disapprovaln.不赞成;反对28.urgevt.强烈要求;敦促urgentadj.紧急的urgencyn. 急迫;急事29.assumptionn.假定,假设assumevt.假定,假设assumingconj.假设……为真;假如30.respectedadj.受尊敬的,受敬重的respectvt.尊敬n.尊敬;方面respectableadj.值得尊敬的;得体的respectfuladj.表示敬意的;尊敬的31.wisdomn.智慧wiseadj.充满智慧的32.beneficialadj.有利的,有帮助的benefitvt.对(某人)有用;使受益vi.得益于n.益处33.arrangevt.排列,布置arrangementn.排列;布置重点短语梳理1.haveatendencytodosth有做某事的倾向2.relateto理解;有关3.holdup举起4.openup开放,开启5.beeagertodosth渴望做某事6.beenthusiasticabout对……有热情7.putone'sarmround/aroundsb搂住某人8.keepondoingsth 继续做某事9.workon努力改善(或完成)10.beusedtodoing习惯于……11.goagainst 反对;对……不利12.cometoone'sdefence 为某人辩护13.regardlessof不管;不顾14.inaflash突然,一瞬间15.tostartwith首先,作为开始16.inconclusion最后17.anexceptionallyspecialgirl 一个非常特别的女孩18.getamentalpictureof 在脑海中想象19.thekeytolanguage语言的关键20.agradualandsometimespainfulprocess一个渐进的、有时痛苦的过程21.suchacomplexword如此复杂的一个词22.inthatvividmoment就在那个动人的时刻23.holdanimportantrank身居要职24.stepoutfromtheshadows走出阴影形容词后缀-ful:①表示充满……的

②表示有……性质的直接加-fulcareful小心谨慎的

meaningful有意义的

painful令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的useful有用的

colorful多彩的

powerful有力的helpful有帮助的

forgetful健忘的

respectful受尊重的successful成功的

doubtful怀疑的

faithful忠实的,忠诚的变y为i加-fulbeautiful美丽的;merciful宽大的,仁慈的构词方法归纳parttwo

重点单词及句型讲解

1.consistent

adj.一致的,一贯的;始终如一的→consistvi.由……组成;在于;

与……一致【经典造句】

Ifyouwantotherstobelieveinyou,yourconductshouldbe

consistent

with/consist

withwhatyousay.如果你想让别人相信你,你应该言行一致。重点单词讲解beconsistentwith...与……一致beconsistentin...在……方面一致consistof(=bemadeupof/becomposedof)

由……组成consistin在于……;存在于……consistwith和……一致【注意】

consist

of没有被动语态和进行时态。2.sympathy

n.同情,同情心→sympatheticadj.同情的;支持的→sympathetically

adv.同情地;怜悯地【经典造句】

Approachingthepoorboy,shegatheredhimintoherarmswith

sympathy.

她走近那个可怜的男孩,同情地把他抱在怀里。express/showsympathyforsb向某人表达同情have(no)sympathyforsb(不)同情某人outofsympathy出于同情in/withsympathy=sympathetically同情地insympathywith... 赞同/支持……besympatheticto对……同情;赞同,支持……3.insist

vi.坚称;坚持主张(persist)【经典造句】

Onlyifyouinsist

onpursingyourdreamwillyougainbreakthroughsandmakecontributionstotheworld.只有坚持追求梦想,你才能获得突破,才能为世界做出贡献。insiston/upon(sb/sb's)doingsth坚持(某人)做某事insistthat...坚持认为，坚持说......(从句用陈述语气)insistthat...坚决要求......[从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用"(should+)do"]4.puzzle

vt.使困惑,使迷惑

(confuse)

n.谜;难题→puzzledadj.困惑的;迷惑不解的

→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的,令人费解的【经典造句】

Whatpuzzlesmemostabouttheplayishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.这部戏最让我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。puzzleover/about苦思冥想;仔细琢磨bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解【注意】

puzzled,confused,frightened等分词化的形容词既用来修饰人,也用来修饰与人有关的名词,如:look,voice,smile,expression等。Thecomplexinstructionsgivenbythecontestorganizerspuzzleme,soIamwritingtoyouforsomehelp.大赛主办方给出的复杂说明让我感到困惑,所以我写信给你,希望获得帮助。5.disappointed

adj.失望的,沮丧的

(depressed)→disappoint

v.使失望;使破灭;使落空→disappointmentn.[U]失望;[C]使人失望的人(或事物)→disappointingadj.

令人失望的【经典造句】

Iwassodisappointed

tosharemytoyswithhimthatIsighedawaymydays.我对于和他分享我的玩具是如此失望,以至于整天唉声叹气。Iwas

disappointed

bythefoodandtheinattentiveservice.我对食物和漫不经心的服务很失望。bedisappointedat/by...

对……失望bedisappointedtodo...因做……而失望bedisappointedthat... 因……失望toone'sdisappointment令某人失望的是6.worthy

adj.值得尊敬的;有价值的【经典造句】

OurEnglishteacheris

worthy

ofourrespectbecauseofherpatienceindeliveringtheknowledge.我们的英语老师由于耐心传授知识而值得我们的尊敬。beworthyof值得……beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdone值得做某事bewellworthdoing非常值得做Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth做某事是值得的7.urge

vt.强烈要求(demand)

;敦促;极力主张;驱策

n.强烈的欲望;冲动→urgent

adj.紧急的→urgencyn.急迫;急事【经典造句】

Butlearningthatwe'llberandomlypairedtodotheoralpractice,Ifeel

an

urge

toexpressmydifferentvoice,hopingthatthiswouldn'toffendyou.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)

但得知我们将被随机配对进行口语练习,我有一种冲动,想表达我不同的声音,希望这不会冒犯您。Iamwritingtogiveyousomeadviceonovercomingtheintrinsicurgetoputofftasks.我写信是为了给你一些克服拖延任务的内在冲动的建议。urgesbtodosth催促某人做某事

have/feelanurgetodosth有强烈的欲望做某事urgethat...(should)dosth 极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth 极力主张/强调……做某事8.owe

vt.有……是由于;把……归功于;欠(钱、人情等);归因于【经典造句】

IoweyouanapologyfornotgoingtothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.周五下午未能和你一起去书店,我应该向你道歉。owesbsth/owesthtosb 欠某人某物owesthtosb/sth 把某事归功于某人或某事owingto

因为,由于9.restrict

vt.约束,限制,限定

(limit)→restrictionn.约束,限制,规定【经典造句】

Ifyouwanttorecoversoon,itisvitaltorestrict

yourself

to2cigarettesatmostaday.如果你想很快康复,限制自己每天至多抽两支烟是至关重要的。restrictoneself/sthtosth 把……限制在……;约束,管束restrictionson 对……的限制10.regardless

of不管;不顾【经典造句】

With

regard

tothequalificationofthecompetition,anybodyiswelcometoparticipateregardless

oftheirEnglishproficiency.至于参赛资格,任何人无论英语熟练度如何都欢迎参与。regardlessofthefactthat... 不顾……的事实inspiteof=despite 尽管(后常接名词,不接从句)withregardto 关于;至于①Undoubtedly,Igainednumerousknowledgeonplantsandhavebecomeinterestedinthemthroughthismeaningfulactivity.(2023·浙江1月卷)

②Thesepolicieshaveresultedingreatgainsinpublichealth.

③Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(体重指数)across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavierandthatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.(2021·浙江1月卷)

④Oh,mygoodness.Mywatchgains20minutesevery24hours.

gainv.获得,得到n.好处,利益n.增加v.(钟表)走快同一个单词的不同汉语意思It'stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld's

50bestrestaurantslist.(2023·全国甲卷)

②Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

③Hewassoonpromotedtotherankofgeneralinthearmy.

④Theywatchedasranksofmarchingsoldierspassedthewindow.

rankv.属于某等级n.地位;级别军衔n.行列;队列streamLastSundayIwenttoclimbMountTaiwithmyfriend.First,wetookapicturebya①stream.Then,webegantoclimbthemountain.Weweresotiredthatwehadtostoptohavearest.②Streamsofpeoplepassedbyuswhilewewerehavingabreak.Finally,wereachedthetopofthemountain,wherea③streamofcoldairrushedthroughme.Tearsofexcitement④streamedfrommyeyeswhenIsawthemagnificentsunrisefromthetopofthemountain.

①n.小溪②n.一连串,(人/车)流③n.气流④vi.流淌1.句型公式:get+宾语+宾补课本原句:Helen's

parents

got

a

superb

teacher

recommendedtothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan.海伦的父母经人推荐,聘请了一位极出色的女教师,她便是安妮·莎莉文。【经典造句】

Isuggestyouexplaintherealreasontoyourteacherandget

your

unpolished

assignments

finishedbyFriday.我建议你和老师说明真实的缘由,并且在周五之前把你未润色好的作业完成。重点句型讲解

(1)该句中got作谓语,asuperbteacher作宾语,recommendedtothem作宾补。其中,宾语和宾补之间为动宾关系,表示被动。构成“vt.+宾语+过去分词”结构。(2)可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词,如see,notice,watch,hear,feel等,以及使役动词,如have,get,keep,leave,make等。此外want,like等表示需求或情感的词也有此用法。2.句型公式:It

is/was

the

first

time(that)...课本原句:It

was

the

first

time

Helen

had

understoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的单词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。【经典造句】

This

is

the

first

time

that

we

have

preparedforanEnglishdrama,forwhichweareindesperateneedofyourhelp.这是我们第一次准备英语话剧,为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。(1)“It/This/That+was+thefirst/second/...time(that)sb+过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”(2)“It/This/That+is+thefirst/second/...time(that)sb+现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”(3)Itis/was(about/high)timethat...shoulddosth/didsth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should不能省略。相当于Itis/wastimeforsbtodosth。(4)Therewasatimewhen...曾经有一段时间……语法填空 Wealreadyknowthefact1.

mobilephoneshavechangedthewaywelive.Theyhaveasignificanteffectonhowweread,work,communicate,andshop.Peopleinmoderntimescountonthetinymachinesheavily,2.

(carry)themwheneverandwherever.

thatcarrying1.【解析】

考查同位语从句。分析句子可知,“

mobilephoneshavechangedthewaywelive”是对名词fact内容的说明,是同位语从句,从句句意完整,不缺成分。故填that。

2.【解析】

考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,carry是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语。故填carrying。 However,thereisstillsomething3.

(known)tous.Whatwehavenotyetunderstoodisthewaythetinymachinesinfrontofusarechangingourskeletons.4.

(possible),theychangenotjustthewaywebehavebuteven5.

veryshapeofourbodies.NewscientificresearchattheUniversityoftheSunshineCoastinQueensland,Australiasuggeststhatyoungpeoplearedevelopingextrapiecesofboneatthebacksoftheirheads.unknownPossiblythe3.【解析】考查形容词。提示词作后置定语修饰something,结合句意可知,应用反义形容词unknown。故填unknown。4.【解析】

考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Possibly。5.【解析】

考查冠词。分析句子可知,very在此处是形容词,常与定冠词the搭配,表示特指。故填the。Thesepiecesofbonearecausedbythewaypeoplebend6.

(they)headswhentheyusethephone.Thisshifts7.

(weigh)ontothemusclesatthebackofthehead8.

causesthebonetogrowinawaythatisnotnormal.Thisprocesscan9.

(compare)tothewaytheskinhardensinresponse10.

constantrubbingorpressure.Theresultisapieceofbonelikeahornthatsticksoutfromtheheadbytheneck.

theirweightandbecomparedto6.【解析】

考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。7.【解析】

考查名词。分析句子可知,空处作宾语,应用提示词的名词形式。故填weight。8.【解析】考查连词。分析句子可知,causes和shifts是并列谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。9.【解析】

考查动词语态。分析句子可知,提示词compare在此处作谓语动词,与主语thisprocess之间是被动关系,情态动词can后的谓语动词用原形。故填becompared。10.【解析】

考查介词。固定短语inresponseto意为“作为对……的回应”。故填to。完形填空 Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神经科学)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople

1

tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencethathasyetcometo

2

someone’smind.

(

)1.A.eager B.readyC.unwilling D.unableD【解析】

根据空后“weretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”和下文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicate”可知,空处修饰people,此处表示一些人无法(unable)与外界交流,他们的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言。故选D。(

)2.A.clearing B.occupyingC.changing D.readingD【解析】

根据上文“Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople

tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”可知,无法与外界交流的人的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言,这是一种解读(reading)大脑思维的方法。故选D。

Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.

3

thisabilitygivespatientsgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)

4

degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologywillbe

5

forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential

6

ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.

(

)3.A.Reducing B.RestrictingC.Restoring D.RequiringC【解析】

根据下文“givespatientsgreatercontrolovertheirlives”及上文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.”可知,有的人无法交流,恢复(restoring)这种能力能让病人更好地掌控生活。故选C。(

)4.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortableC.negligible D.supportiveB【解析】

根据上文“Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties”及“degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients”可知,解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处,但是也会在让他们不舒适的(uncomfortable)程度上控制他们的生活。故选B。(

)5.A.needed B.limitedC.controlled D.deniedA【解析】

根据上文“newrightssurroundingneurotechnologywillbe”及下文“forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill”可知,需要(needed)围绕神经技术赋予新的权利,以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A。(

)6.A.application B.weaknessC.impact D.significanceB【解析】

根据下文“ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem”可知,残疾患者是弱者,有着交流上的潜在弱点(weakness),所以需要新的权利才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志,这是十分重要的问题。故选B。

7

thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental

8

,butwasalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.

(

)7.A.Incomparisonwith B.InlinewithC.Attheconclusionof D.AtthecostofB【解析】

根据上文“thatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologywillbe

forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill”及下文“Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology”可知,智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致(Inlinewith)。故选B。

(

)8.A.integrity B.conditionC.disorder D.functionA【解析】

根据上文“

thisabilitygivespatientsgreatercontrolovertheirlives.”及空后法案内容可知,该法案与上文方法一致,不仅引入了精神健全(integrity)的新宪法权利,还保障了数据安全性。故选A。

Theproposedlegislationrecognisestheintensely

9

natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced

10

,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.

(

)9.A.group B.generalC.physical D.personalD【解析】

根据下文“whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated”可知,该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人(personal)性质,不能买卖,只能捐赠。故选D。(

)10.A.interaction B.chanceC.criticism D.defenceC【解析】

根据下文“withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients”可知,该立法也接受了法律学者的批评(criticism)。故选C。 WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland

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todate,othercountriesareconsid