Unit2GrowingpainsandgainsGrammar课件外研版英语八年级下册

被动语态(2)通过情境体验，能够了解一般过去时的被动语态的用法。能够正确使用一般过去时的被动语态。能够使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的经历。lazysofaadj.懒洋洋的，慵懒的n.长沙发Thelazydogwascarriedtothesofabyitsowner.这只懒狗被它的主人抱到了沙发上。termn.学期Alotoftimeisspentonsportsinourclassthisterm. 这学期我们班的很多时间都用在了体育运动上。spendv.花(时间)conversationn.谈话，交谈，会话Aquietconversationwasheardinthenextroomjustnow. 刚才隔壁房间传来一阵轻声的交谈。disagreementn.意见不合，分歧，争论Theyhadasmalldisagreementaboutwheretogoforlunch.他们就去哪里吃午饭发生了一点小争执。Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandsummarisethegrammarrules.(a)Icheckedandsawthatayellowbandwasattachedtoherwrist.(b)Iwaitedwithheruntilshewastakenhomebyapolicewoman.5一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。Thepromisewasn’tkept,soyoucan’tstayoutlatenexttime.Nowfindonemoresentencewiththisstructureinthereadingpassage.一般过去时的被动语态的否定句结构：主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。在上一单元，我们学习了一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态。在本单元中，我们将学习一般过去时的被动语态，并对被动语态的用法进行归纳总结。被动语态(二)—一般过去时的被动语态一、一般过去时的被动语态的构成一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。其各种句式结构与前面讲过的一般现在时的被动语态结构类似。ThepoemwaswrittenbyapoetintheTangDynasty.Theapplesweresoldbyanoldman.Thenewsupermarketwasn’tbuiltlastyear.Werethosetreesplantedbythelocalvillagers?Whywasthedoghurtbadly?二、被动语态用法总结现在，我们根据时态变化的规则，将一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动语态和被动语态的结构总结如下（以do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done一般将来时will/be(am/is/are)goingto+dowill/be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式总结如下（以do为例）：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时肯定句形式主语+am/is/are+done主语+was/were+done主语+will/be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done否定句形式主语+am/is/are+not+done主语+was/were+not+done主语+willnot/be(am/is/are)notgoingto+be+done一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般疑问句形式Am/Is/Are+主语+doneWas/Were+主语+doneWill+主语+be+done;Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+goingto+be+done特殊疑问句形式特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+done;特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+be+done三、关于被动语态的几点注意事项1.

“不及物动词+介词/副词”构成的短语用于被动语态时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可漏掉，也不可与该结构中的动词拆开。e.g.Thecakewasdividedintofivepieces.Iwaswokenupat5thismorning.2.

含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将主动句中的直接宾语(指物)或间接宾语(指人)变为被动句中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。主动句：Theowneroftheshopgavethegirlsomecoins．被动句：Somecoinsweregiventothegirlbytheowneroftheshop.

(直接宾语作主语)Thegirlwasgivensomecoinsbytheowneroftheshop.(间接宾语作主语)3.

有些动词常用其主动形式表示被动意义，常见的有：①sell,wash,write等用作不及物动词，且常与表示效果或程度的副词连用。e.g.Thispenwriteswell.②表示感觉、知觉的系动词feel,sound,taste,smell等。e.g.Thesilkscarffeelssoft.4.

在主动句中，使役动词(如make等)和感官动词(如see,watch,notice,hear等)后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；但在被动句中，这些词后面的动词不定式都需要带to。e.g.Thebossmadethemworknearly14hoursaday.→

Theyweremadetoworknearly14hoursadaybytheboss.Inoticedalittleboywalkintotherestaurant.→

Alittleboywasnoticedtowalkintotherestaurantbyme.Rewritethesentencesinthepassiveinthesimplepast.61.Betty’sdaddidn’tallowhertohavealazydayonthesofa.____________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Robert’smumturneddownhisideaofhikingaloneinthemountains.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Bettywasn’tallowedtohavealazydayonthesofa(byherdad).Robert’sideaofhikingaloneinthemountainswasturneddown(byhismum).3.Sarah’sparentshidherbirthdaypresentsintheirbedroom.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Sarah’sbirthdaypresentswerehiddeninherparents’bedroom(byherparents).Dad,Youcan’tjusttakemyphoneaway.Iactuallyuseitformanyimportantthings.Ithelpsmestayintouchwithmyfriendsafterschool.ButnowI¹_________(cutoff)fromthem!Doyoustillremembermyspaceprojectfromlastterm?Alotoftheresearch²_________(do)onmyphone.AndIdidareallygreatjob.CanIhavemyphoneback,please?SamanthaCompletethemessageswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressioninbrackets.7amcutoffwasdone过去分词的不规则变化，如：cut–cut，do–done，spend–spent，draw–drawn。I’msorry,Samantha.I’mafraidthattoomuchofyourtime³_________(spend)onyourphone.That’sverybadforyoureyes.Attimes,yourattention⁴_________(draw)awayduringfamilymeals.Weneedqualityfamilytime,too.Howaboutthis?Let’sallputourphonesdownforawhileeverydayandhaveafamilyconversation.Whatdoyouthink?DadwasspentwasdrawnReadthemessagesagainandanswerthequestions.1.WhydoesSamanthawantherphoneback?Becausesheusesthephoneformanyimportantthings—likestayingintouchwithfriendsafterschool,andshedidalotofresearchforherlast-termspaceprojectonthephone.2.WhydidDadtakeSamantha’sphoneaway?BecausehethinkstoomuchofSamantha’stimewasspentonthephone(whichisbadforhereyes),andherattentionwasoftendrawnawaybythephoneduringfamilymeals.3.WhatsolutiondoesDadsuggest?Hesuggeststhatthewholefamilyputtheirphonesdownforawhileeverydayandhaveafamilyconversation.Haveyouhadadifficultexperiencewithyourparents,justlikeSamanthaandherdad?Yes,Ihave.Lastmonth,mymomdidn’tletmejointheschoolcampingtripbecauseshethoughtitwasunsafe.Wearguedalot,butlaterwetalkeditout—sheagreedtoletmegoafterIshowedherthetrip’ssafetyplan.8Writeastoryaboutadifficultexperiencewithyourparents.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou.AdifficultexperiencewithmyparentsWhenithappenedWhatcauseditHowitendedWhatIlearnt/HowourrelationshipchangedTheproblemwascausedby...Ipromisedto...But...Myparentsthoughtthat...Intheend,we...I’msorryfor...Afterthisdisagreement,Ilearntthat...Whenithappened：写具体时间，让故事更真实。Whatcausedit：说明矛盾起因。Howitended：写矛盾的解决方式。WhatIlearnt：总结收获。一、填充框架（明确要素）二、串联内容（形成故事）开头：点明时间+事件。中间：详细写矛盾的发生、你的情绪，以及如何主动沟通。结尾：写结局+感悟，呼应“学到的道理”。WhatcauseditEarlier,Ipromisedmyparentstodohomeworkfirstafterschool.Butafterabusyday,Ifelttiredandjustwantedtorest.However,myparentsthoughtIshouldkeepmypromise.HowIdealtwithitIsaidsorryandexplainedmyfeelings.HowitendedMyparentsunderstoodandcomfortedme.Afterwetalked,afairsolutionwasreached:Icouldrelaxfor30minutesbeforehomework.WhatIlearntIt’simportanttoexpressmyselfclearlyandlistentootherspatiently.LastTuesday,somethingunhappyhappened.Earlier,Ipromisedmyparentstodohomeworkfirstafterschool.Butafterabusyday,Ifelttiredandjustwantedtorest.However,myparentsthoughtIshouldkeepmypromise.Theykeptaskingmetodomyhomework.Ifeltsadandshoutedatthem.Thismadeeveryoneunhappy.Later,Icalmeddown.Isaidsorryandexplainedmyfeelings.Myparentsunderstoodandcomfortedme.Afterwetalked,afairsolutionwasreached:Icouldrelaxfor30minutesbeforehomework.NowIknow:it’simportanttoexpressmyselfclearlyandlistentootherspatiently.1.Betty’sdaddidn’tallowhertohavealazydayonthesofa.Betty的爸爸不允许她懒洋洋地在沙发上耗一整天。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事e.g.MrsBlackallowshersontoplaycomputergamesonweekends.布莱克夫人允许她的儿子在周末玩电脑游戏。【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。1)

他父母不会允许他在外面待到很晚。Hisparentswon’t____________________________outlate.2)

我们不允许在英语考试中使用词典。Wedon’t______________adictionaryintheEnglishexam.

allowhimtostay

allowusing2.Ithelpsmestayintouchwithmyfriendsafterschool.它(手机)能帮我放学后和朋友们保持联系。be/stay/keepintouchwithsb.与某人保持联系getintouchwithsb.与某人取得联系losetouchwithsb.与某人失去联系e.g.Anyway,wemuststayintouch.不管怎样，我们一定要保持联系。【语境应用】根据所讲内容将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。1)

我也会想念你们的。咱们保持联系。

_________________________________________________2)

我和很多老朋友失去了联系。_________________________________________________3)

我今天下午曾试图与你取得联系。_________________________________________________I’llmissyou,too.Let’skeepintouch.Ilosttouchwithmanyoldfriends.Itriedtogetintouchwithyouthisafternoon.3.I’mafraidthattoomuchofyourtimewasspent

onyourphone.我担心你花了太多时间在手机上。spendv.花(金钱；时间)，其主语通常为人。spendsomemoney/timeon...在……上花费金钱/时间spendsomemoney/timedoingsth.花费金钱/时间做某事e.g.Wespend

alotofmoneyonfoodeverymonth.我们每个月都要在食物上花很多钱。Ispend

twohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.我每天花两个小时做作业。Tomspent200yuanbuildingamodelplane.汤姆花了200元制作一架模型飞机。Mygrandmotherspentmostofherlifelookingafterothers.我奶奶大半生都在照顾别人spend

v.度过spendsometimewithsb.与某人一起度过一段时间spendsometimein/on/atsomeplace在某地度过一段时间e.g.I’mgoingtospendtheholidaywithmyfamily.我打算和家人一起度假。WespenttheweekendinParis.我们在巴黎度过了这个周末。take和cost也可以表示“花费”。take表示花费时间。Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事cost表示花费金钱，主语通常是物。sth.costsb.+金钱，某物花了某人多少钱e.g.Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomeworklastnight.昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。ThispicturecostWuJuan100yuan.这幅画花了吴娟100元。【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。1)

我姐姐每天花一个小时练习英语。Mysister________anhour________Englisheveryday.2)

我花了五元钱买了这本书。I________fiveyuan________thisbook.3)

我上周末在奶奶家过的。I________lastweekend________mygrandmother’shome.4)

这个房子花了我很多钱。Thehouse________mealotofmoney.5)

完成这个工作花了我一个月时间。It________meamonthtofinishthework.spendspracticingspenton/buyingspentatcost(s)took被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。下面几种情况要用被动语态：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者。2.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。3.只需要强调动作的承受者。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词，其否定形式在was/were后加not，疑问句形式将was/were提到主语前。Ⅰ.根据语境及括号内所给的词语提示填空。1.It’ssaidthattea__________(drink)forthefirsttimeabout5,000yearsago.2.Jenny__________(ask)tocleanthefridgeandsheaccepted.3.Thesecookies__________(make)bymysisteryesterdaymorning.4.Thedoor__________(lock)sowehadtowaitoutsidetheclassroom.wasdrunkwasaskedweremadewaslocked5.Hisnovels_____________(translate)intomanydifferentlanguageslastyear.6.Thesebeautifulflowers_____________(notplant)byme,butI