2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题2　阅读七选五　第2讲　根据词汇复现解题

第2讲根据词汇复现解题考点1原词复现题●辨明题类复现是保证文章行文中前后衔接而经常使用的一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思、描述同一个概念的词汇在文章的上下文不同位置重复出现。根据行文需要，文章中经常在后文中用前文中出现过的相同词语来衔接语义，这种现象叫作原词复现。原词复现也可以是同根词。●技法点拨英语语篇在行文中第一句话的宾语，通常就是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)本身复现的方式来实现，解题时要格外注意有与空格前的句子中相同关键词汇的选项。●真题体验(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)●Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.38WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.D．Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E．Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F．Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn'tknowaboutbefore.【解题示范】段首题。根据下文“WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。选项“Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.”中的“Foradults”对应“adults55andolder”，“physicalhealthbenefits”概括了“bettermemory”和“maintainedoverallhealth”，与本段的主题吻合。adult为原词复现。故选E。考点2同义词、近义词或反义词复现题●辨明题类文章中经常会使用词义相同或相近的词汇来表达同一个意思或概念，或者用来解释前一句话的意思，其根本目的只是避免在文中同一个词汇的重复使用。文章上下文中有时会出现互为相反含义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。●技法点拨1．关注选项中与空格前(有时是空格后)的句子中表达相同意思的同义词、近义词。2．注意选项与空格前后句子语义上是否通顺合理。3．在上下文或句中寻找反义词的复现。●真题体验(2024·全国甲卷)Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,speciallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It'smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.38D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E．Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F．Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.【解题示范】段尾题。上文“It'smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.(如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，选项“Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.(相反，你应该选择健康的食物。)”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的healthy与上文中的unhealthy为反义词。故选E。考点3代词指代题●辨明题类英语表达中代词的出现率非常高，而代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词，以避免重复；有时也可用代词指代前面一个句子(这两种情况也可以归类为复现)。●技法点拨解题时注意空格前后或选项中出现的代词，充分利用代词的这种指代关系并根据代词的单复数差异，可以准确而快速地判定选项。常见代词：it，they/them，one(s)，this/that，these/those。●真题体验(2025·浙江1月卷)Don'tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they'rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.【解题示范】段中题。下文“However,they'rehearingitforthefirsttime.”与设空句之间是转折关系。选项“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“whatyou'regoingtosay”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G。A(2025·辽宁省重点中学协作校高三二模)Verticalfarming,amethodofgrowingplantsinlayeredarrangements,isbecominganincreasinglypopularsolutiontourbanfoodproductionchallenges.1Byusingverticalspace,itallowsmorefoodtobegrowninsmallerareas,makingitidealforcitieswithlimitedland.Thefirststepinestablishingaverticalfarmistochooseasuitablelocation.Indoorspaceslikewarehouses,abandonedbuildings,orevenrepurposedshippingcontainersareoftenused.2Insuchspaces,factorslikelight,temperature,andhumiditycanbepreciselymonitoredandadjusted.Thisensuresthatplantsreceivetherightamountoflight,water,andnutrients,regardlessofoutdoorweatherconditions.Oncethelocationissecured,awater-basedorair-basedgrowingsystemissetuptodeliverwaterandnutrientsdirectlytotheplants'roots.Thesesystemsnotonlyusesignificantlylesswaterthantraditionalfarmingmethodsbutalsogetridoftheneedforsoilandreducetheriskofpests.3Choosingtherightcropsisalsocrucial.Someplants,likeleafygreensandherbs,haveshortgrowthcyclesandrequireminimalspace.4Forinstance,lettuceandbasilarefrequentlygrowninverticalfarms,astheygrowrapidlyandarehighlysoughtafterinurbanmarkets.5Theinitialsetupcostsforlighting,irrigationsystems,andclimatecontrolcanbehigh.However,thelong-termbenefits,suchasreducedtransportationcostsandyear-roundproduction,oftenoutweightheseexpenses.A．Theseenvironmentsprovidecontrolledconditions.B．Itisaninnovativeapproachtosustainableagriculture.C．Verticalfarminghasadvantagesbutalsofaceschallenges.D．Thistechnologyisstillinitsearlystagesofdevelopment.E．Asaresult,traditionalfarmingmethodsarebeingreplaced.F．Thesecharacteristicsmakethemperfectforverticalfarming.G．Thismakesverticalfarmingmoreefficientandeco-friendly.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是垂直农业的运作原理、核心要素及优缺点。1．B段中题。空前“Verticalfarming,amethodofgrowingplantsinlayeredarrangements,isbecominganincreasinglypopularsolutiontourbanfoodproductionchallenges.”介绍的是垂直农业的概念，空格处也应该是对垂直农业的介绍，B项“Itisaninnovativeapproachtosustainableagriculture.”中的it指代前面的Verticalfarming，是对垂直农业的继续介绍，承接上文，符合语境。2．A段中题。空前“Indoorspaceslikewarehouses,abandonedbuildings,orevenrepurposedshippingcontainersareoftenused.”说明的是垂直农业中经常使用的空间，和垂直农业的环境有关，空格处应该说为什么这些空间被经常使用，A项“Theseenvironmentsprovidecontrolledconditions.”解释了为什么这些环境被经常利用，承接上文，符合语境。3．G段尾题。空前“Oncethelocationissecured,awater-basedorair-basedgrowingsystemissetuptodeliverwaterandnutrientsdirectlytotheplants'roots.Thesesystemsnotonlyusesignificantlylesswaterthantraditionalfarmingmethodsbutalsogetridoftheneedforsoilandreducetheriskofpests.”说明的是一个水基或空气基生长系统的优势，空格处应该说这些优势会给垂直农业带来什么好处，G项“Thismakesverticalfarmingmoreefficientandeco-friendly.”说明前面的系统的优势使垂直农业更高效环保，承接上文，符合语境。4．F段中题。空前“Choosingtherightcropsisalsocrucial.Someplants,likeleafygreensandherbs,haveshortgrowthcyclesandrequireminimalspace.”说明有的植物生长周期短，需要的空间很小，空格处应该说这些优点对于垂直农业有何意义，F项“Thesecharacteristicsmakethemperfectforverticalfarming.”说明空前所讲的特点使这些植物是垂直农业的完美选择，承接上文，符合语境。5．C段首题。空后“Theinitialsetupcostsforlighting,irrigationsystems,andclimatecontrolcanbehigh.”说明的是垂直农业的问题所在，也就是垂直农业也存在挑战，C项“Verticalfarminghasadvantagesbutalsofaceschallenges.”说明了垂直农业也面临挑战，引起下文，符合语境。B(2025·河北省承德市、张家口市高三一模)Mostofusstruggleforself-respect.Anycommentsorexperiencesthatweakenourfeelingsofself-worthcanbeuncomfortable.Butthethingis,whetheryourself-worthreallyisbeingweakenedis,toalargedegree,subjective.1Whenyoutakethingspersonally,you'reinterpretingthesesituationsassayingsomethingnegativeaboutyou.Sayyourfriendscancelyourplannedget-together.2Psychologistshaveatermforthismindset：personalisation.Buttherealitymightbethatyourfriendsfeltunwellthatweekend.Inexampleslikethis,there'sanotherprocessatworkthatpsychologistscallmindreading.Thisiswhenyouassumetoknowwhatotherpeoplearethinkingaboutyouwhenyoucan'treallyknowwithoutaskingthemdirectly.3Onesimplewaytoavoidthesemindsetsistochallengeyournegativeassumptions.Whenyoufindyourselftakingasituationpersonally,trytothinkofotherinterpretationsthatarelessfocusedonyou.Whenreceivingcriticism,tryputtingyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes.4Forinstance,thepersongivingfeedbackmightalsofeelnervousaboutdeliveringit.Thismindsetcantransformcriticismintoalearningopportunityandstrengthenrelationships.Wantingtobeproudofyourselfishealthy.5Trytotakeprideinyourefforts,goodintentionsandachievements.Thisshiftinfocuswillalsohelpyoubecomelesssensitiveandlesslikelytotakethingspersonally.A．Butpridecomesindifferentforms.B．Trytoseeyourselfinapositivelight.C．Buttheymightthinkveryhighlyofyou.D．Youmayinterpretthisasmeaningthey'reboredofyou.E．Muchofitdependsonyourperceptionofwhatsomeonesaidordid.F．Whenyoudothis,you'llbeabletoseethingsfromtheirpointofview.G．Whenassumingyourfriendsareboredofyou,you'reengaginginmindreading.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我价值感的主观性，并提供了如何避免将事情个人化、挑战负面假设以及培养积极自我认知的建议。1．E段尾题。上文“Butthethingis,whetheryourself-worthreallyisbeingweakenedis,toalargedegree,subjective.”提到了主观因素，E项“这在很大程度上取决于你对别人所说或所做的事情的看法。”中it指代上文的主观因素，进一步对这种主观性进行解释。2．D段中题。上文“Whenyoutakethingspersonally,you'reinterpretingthesesituationsassayingsomethingnegativeaboutyou.Sayyourfriendscancelyourplannedget-together.”提到朋友取消了计划好的聚会这种情况可能会被个人化，认为是别人对你产生了负面看法，D项“你可能会把这理解为他们厌倦你了。”中this指代上文“取消聚会”这件事情，展示了错误的个人化解读。3．G段尾题。上文“Inexampleslikethis,there'sanotherprocessatworkthatpsychologistscallmindreading.”提到了读心术，G项“当你假设你的朋友对你感到厌烦时，你正在专注于读心术。”与上文呼应，mindreading是原词复现。4．F段中题。上文“Whenreceivingcriticism,tryputtingyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes.”提到了设身处地为别人着想，F项“当你这样做的时候，你就能从他们的角度看问题。”与上文构成顺承关系，体现换位思考，fromtheirpointofview和puttingyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes是近义词复现。5．A段中题。上文“Wantingtobeproudofyourselfishealthy.”和下文“Trytotakeprideinyourefforts,goodintentionsandachievements.”提到了有关自豪的内容，所以A项“但自豪有不同的形式。”能引起下文，与下文构成顺承关系，pride是原词复现。C(2025·安徽省滁州市高三一模)Doyoustartsomethingandthenleaveitmidway？Doyoufeelanenthusiasticrushatthebeginningbutlosemotivationaftersometime？Ifso,don'tworry.1,thuskeepingyouinspiredforalongtime.Divideyourtask2.Thefearoffailingtoaccomplishenormousassignmentsontimemayparalyseyou.Also,ifyourworkscheduleistootight,you'llendupdoingnothing.Itisalwaysbettertotearthewholetaskapartintoachievabletasks.Achievingonetaskatatimewillhelpfuelyourenthusiasm.3PeopleallhavethatoneWHYinsidewhichhelpspushoneworkhardtoattainacertaingoal.Itcanbeanythinglikefinancialfreedom,tryingtoproveyourself,adesiretomakeanimpactorsimplyhavingsomethingmeaningfulinlife.FindingyourWHYwillhelpyouconnectwithyourgoalonadeeperlevel.VisualizeyoursuccessThisisamentalexercise.Alongtheway,keeppicturingyoursuccessandhavingatasteofitwillhelpyoustayhungryformore.Keeparecordofeverythingthatyoudo.Youcanwriteitinyourjournalandyoucanalsorecordyournextsteps.4.BeflexibleAsthingsdevelop,sometimesyouhavetoadjustaccordingtothem.Youmighthavetomakechangestoyourtaskmapalongtheway.5,whilebeingflexiblekeepsyoumovingon.A．FindyoursourceB．BeingstubbornjustleadstofrustrationC．TrynottobealarmedatthetaskdeadlineD．TrackingyourgoalsfuelsyourdrivingforceE．ItcanbeoverwhelmingtolookatataskasawholeF．ThefollowingfourmethodscanbeadoptedtosustainyourmotivationG．Herecomesafour-partapproachthatcanchannelyourinnerenthusiasm【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种维持动力、激发热情的方法，包括分解任务、找到动力源、设想成功和保持灵活性。1．F段中题。上文“Doyoustartsomethingandthenleaveitmidway？Doyoufeelanenthusiasticrushatthebeginningbutlosemotivationaftersometime？Ifso,don'tworry.”提出了开始做事后半途而废、失去动力的问题并表示别担心，空格处应是给出解决办法。F项“Thefollowingfourmethodscanbeadoptedtosustainyourmotivation”符合语境，Thefollowingfourmethods引出了下文要介绍的四种方法，sustainyourmotivation对应上文失去动力的问题，有承上启下作用。2．E段首题。由小标题“Divideyourtask”及下文“Thefearoffailingtoaccomplishenormousassignmentsontimemayparalyseyou.”可知，把任务看成一个整体会带来不好的影响，所以要分解任务。E项“Itcanbeoverwhelmingtolookatataskasawhole”说明了整体看待任务的弊端，引出下文分解任务的原因。3．A小标题。下文“PeopleallhavethatoneWHYinsidewhichhelpspushoneworkhardtoattainacertaingoal.”强调要找到推动自己努力的内在原因，即找到动力来源。A项“Findyoursource”能概括本段内容。4．D段尾题。由上文“Keeparecordofeverythingthatyoudo.Youcanwriteitinyourjournalandyoucanalsorecordyournextsteps.”可知，记录所做的事和下一步计划很重要。D项“Trackingyourgoalsfuelsyourdrivingforce”中Track与上文Keeparecordof是近义词复现，说明追踪目标(记录相关内容)能激发动力。5．B段中题。由小标题“Beflexible”及下文“whilebeingflexiblekeepsyoumovingon”可知，这里是在对比固执和灵活的不同结果。B项“Beingstubbornjustleadstofrustration”与下文形成对比，强调固执的坏处，突出灵活性的重要性。D(2025·江西省九江市高三一模)Youcanhelpyourselfmakewiserchoicesbyvisualizingyourfutureself.Belowarethreeideastoconnectwithyourfutureselfandenhancepresentdecision-making.1Researchershaveshownthatvisualizingfutureeventscanassistindividualsindelayingimmediatesatisfaction.Interestingly,onedoesn'tneedtoconsiderthefuturerewardsofsuchdelay;justthinkingaboutthefutureseemstowork.Forexample,ifyou'retryingtodecidewhethertostartaprojectnoworpostponeit,pictureyourselfinroutinefuturesettingslikegroceryshoppingoranupcomingmeeting.2Themorerealandvividthefuturefeels,themorelikelyyouaretomakeadecisionthatyourfutureselfwon'tregret.Sendamessagetoyourfutureself.FutureMoffersauniqueservicethatallowsindividualstosendemailstotheirfutureselves,promptingthemtopicturewhattheirfutureselveswillbedoingandhowtheywillfeelaboutthechoicesmadenow.3Whatareyourhopesforyourfutureself？Whatwouldyourfutureselfthankyouforifyoucommittedyourselftocertaingoalstoday？PsychologistHalsaysthatevenbrieflyreflectingonwhatyou'dwriteinsuchalettercanmakeyoufeelmoreconnectedtoyourfutureself.Imagineyourfutureself.4Inoneexperiment,couchpotatoeswereaskedtoimagineeitherahoped-forfutureselfwhoengagesinregularexerciseandenjoysgoodhealthorafearedfutureselfwhoremainsinactiveandsuffersfromhealthproblems.Astonishingly,bothvisualizationsmotivatedthemtogetoffthecouchandexercisemorefrequentlyoverthenexttwomonthscomparedtoacontrolgroupthatdidnotimagineafutureself.Toboostyourwillpower,imaginetwopossiblefutureselves：onechangingandbenefitingandtheotherunchangingandsuffering.5Thiscaninspirepositivechangesandhelplearnfrompastexperiences.A．Createafuturememory.B．Visualizeafuturesuccess.C．Avoidthinkingaboutthefutureasitmayleadtoanxiety.D．Studiesshowthatimaginingyourfutureselfcanincreaseyourpresentself'swillpower.E．Moreover,letyourselfvividlydaydreamabouthowyoufeelforyourpastself'schoices.F．Usethisopportunitytotellyourfutureselfaboutyourcurrentplanstoreachlong-termgoals.G．Thispracticesparksyourbraintothinkmoreconcretelyaboutyourcurrentchoices'consequences.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些与未来的自己联系在一起的三个想法，可以提高你现在的决策能力。1．A段首题。根据本段“Researchershaveshownthatvisualizingfutureeventscanassistindividualsindelayingimmediatesatisfaction.Interestingly,onedoesn'tneedtoconsiderthefuturerewardsofsuchdelay;justthinkingaboutthefutureseemstowork.Forexample,ifyou'retryingtodecidewhethertostartaprojectnoworpostponeit,pictureyourselfinroutinefuturesettingslikegroceryshoppingoranupcomingmeeting.”可知，本段主要说明通过对未来的想象，建立对未来的记忆，从而提高决策能力。A项“创造未来的记忆。”符合语境。2．G段中题。上文“For