2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第3部分　语言运用精准篇　专题1　完形填空　类型2　体裁破解　第1讲　记叙文

类型二体裁破解第1讲记叙文●辨明题类完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，常见的故事基本上可分为传奇故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看，故事内容基本都遵循“起—承—转—合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负态度来解释，则可分为两种模式：一种为“负—正”，即故事开始就是“坏事”，后来转变为“好事”；另一种是“正—负—正”，即文章开始平静祥和，中间经历挫折、困难，最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于，无论故事如何开篇，过程都会经历曲折，结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。总之，完形填空的选材基本都是积极向上、引人向善的文章。了解这些有助于考生理解文章内容、把握主人公情感走向，进而帮助解题。●技法点拨解题策略(1)根据首句信息，充分想象短文内容；(2)围绕主题中心，找准作者思路线索；(3)把握各小节主题，厘清上下文衔接关系和全篇层次结构；(4)挖掘上下文对设空处的信息提示与暗示；(5)利用生活常识，合理思维；(6)突破思维定式，多维思考，大胆想象。解题步骤(1)研读首(句)尾(段)，跳过空格，快速略读，边读边测，通览全文，抓准主旨。要注意首句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用，确定事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，弄清各段落之间、各层次之间的内在联系，从而适当地把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完形”的目的。结尾通常会对全文中心进行总结、重述及升华。(2)细读全文，紧扣主题，瞻前顾后，排除干扰，先易后难，初选答案。大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时，应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放，接着往下看，往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况，切忌一步到位！(3)复核全文，先易且定夺，攻难再复读，弥补疏漏，相信直觉，确保最佳。复查时从意义和语法两个角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案，请相信第一感觉！●真题体验(2025·浙江1月卷)ManuelaRibeirohasahealthyaddiction.It's41.Afewmonthsago,the30-year-oldteacherdecideditwastimetoputher42togooduse.ShesigneduponthewebsiteBookalokal,andnowwelcomes43intoherBrusselsflattwiceaweekfordinnerparties.Ribeiro4435perpersonforwhatisusuallyathree-coursemealthatcanlastuptothreehours.ForRibeiro,ithasbecomeaperfectplatformfor45herhobbyofbuyingfood,46newrecipesandholdingdinnerparties.“It'sagreatopportunitytosharemypassionforfoodandto47newpeople，”saidRibeiro.SometimesshepreparestraditionalBraziliandishes48hernativehome;othertimesshe49dinnercourseswithherfavoritebeers.TheplatformhasenabledRibeirotorealiseherdreamwithagreatdealoffreedom,as50toarestaurantwheretheserviceis51,themenuisknowninadvance,andthemealisexpectedtobeno52.“Butit'salsoagreat53,foritcansometimestakedaysto54asingleevent，”Ribeirosaid.“Thisplatformisnotonly55forprofessionalcooks,butalsoforthosewillingtodiscovernewexperiences.”41．A．reading B．travelingC．cooking D．teaching42．A．hobby B．energyC．education D．money43．A．coworkers B．studentsC．relatives D．strangers44．A．pays B．chargesC．owes D．raises45．A．pursuing B．choosingC．discussing D．changing46．A．passingon B．tryingoutC．goingover D．takingdown47．A．hire B．helpC．meet D．train48．A．inadditionto B．inreturnforC．inhonorof D．inlinewith49．A．replaces B．tastesC．orders D．pairs50．A．opposed B．relatedC．subject D．vital51．A．invaluable B．impersonalC．unsuitable D．unprofessional52．A．surprise B．endC．need D．problem53．A．lesson B．pleasureC．success D．challenge54．A．celebrate B．recordC．attend D．organise55．A．selected B．reservedC．evaluated D．requested【解题示范】第一步：速读全文，从宏观上把握记叙文的脉络1．文章主旨：文章主要讲述了ManuelaRibeiro将自己的烹饪爱好发展成副业，通过在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，与陌生人分享美食并结交新朋友的故事。2．写作要素：通过掌握记叙文的六大要素，进而把握故事的发生、发展和结局。3．写作目的：记叙文的写作目的通常是告诉人们一个道理，文章结尾作者往往通过评议的形式表达自己对所描绘故事的观点，有时候还会通过回应使主题得到升华，启迪读者深入思考。4．本文的写作目的：文章主要介绍ManuelaRibeiro将烹饪爱好与陌生人分享，并结交新朋友，以这种经历让人们体验彼此之间的人情味。第二步：细读文章，从微观上破解三大层次题依据故事的发展情节、语言知识、文化背景、生活常识、上下文语境等作出选择。41．【句组层次题】根据下文“ShesigneduponthewebsiteBookalokal,andnowwelcomes43intoherBrusselsflattwiceaweekfordinnerparties.”可知，她现在在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，由此推知她的嗜好是烹饪。故选C。42．【句组层次题】根据上文“ManuelaRibeirohasahealthyaddiction.It's41.”可知，她的爱好是烹饪，此处指好好利用她的烹饪爱好。hobby是对上文addiction的同义转述。故选A。43．【语篇层次题】根据下文“It'sagreatopportunitytosharemypassionforfoodandto47newpeople”可知，这是一个分享她对食物的热爱和结识新朋友的好机会，由此推知她欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加晚宴。故选D。44．【句内层次题】根据“35perpersonforwhatisusuallyathree-coursemeal”可知，这是ManuelaRibeiro为客人提供的晚餐的收费标准，即每人收费35欧元。故选B。45．【语篇层次题】根据上文“ManuelaRibeirohasahealthyaddiction.It's41.”可知，ManuelaRibeiro热爱烹饪，所以此处想表达的是“追求她购买食材的爱好”。故选A。46．【句内层次题】根据“newrecipes”可知，此处表示尝试新食谱。故选B。47．【语篇层次题】根据下文“Thisplatformisnotonly55forprofessionalcooks,butalsoforthosewillingtodiscovernewexperiences.”可知，这个平台不仅适合专业厨师，也适合那些愿意探索新体验的人，由此可推测出ManuelaRibeiro通过这个平台可以认识新朋友。故选C。48．【句内层次题】根据“hernativehome”以及语境可知，为了纪念她的祖国，Ribeiro会准备传统的巴西菜肴。故选C。49．【句内层次题】根据“dinnercourseswithherfavoritebeers”可知，此处表示用Ribeiro最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。故选D。50．【句内层次题】根据“toarestaurantwheretheserviceis”可知，此处是将在平台上做饭和开餐厅进行对比，表示两者是相反的。故选A。51．【句内层次题】根据“themenuisknowninadvance,andthemealisexpectedtobeno52”可知，菜单是提前知道的，而且饭菜没有什么惊喜，说明餐厅的服务是没有人情味的。invaluable无价的；impersonal没有人情味的；unsuitable不合适的；unprofessional不专业的。故选B。52．【句内层次题】根据“themenuisknowninadvance”可知，菜单是提前知道的，由此推知饭菜没有什么惊喜。故选A。53．【句内层次题】根据“itcansometimestakedaysto54asingleevent”可知，有时组织一个活动可能需要几天的时间，这是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选D。54．【句内层次题】根据“asingleevent”可知，此处指组织一个活动。organise与第二段的holding是同义词复现。故选D。55．【句内层次题】根据“forprofessionalcooks,butalsoforthosewillingtodiscovernewexperiences”可知，这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，而且也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留，应用bereservedfor。select选择；reserve保留；evaluate评估；request请求。故选B。第三步重读文章，从逻辑上修正错误初选之后，代入答案，把违背上下文逻辑关系的错误改正过来。A(2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模)Acompetitivecyclistandrunner,JillWheatleyworkedasaPhysicsEdteacherinEuropewhenshewasaccidentallyhitinthe1byabaseballduringclass.Theseverityoftheblow2toatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury(TBI)anda70%vision3,includingpermanentblindnessinoneeye.Shewasleftwithabsenceofdepthsense—a4blowtoanathlete.Inadditiontothephysicalwounds,itleftJillinadeepstateof5.Thusshestartedanunbelievable6throughsevendifferenthospitalsthatlastedovertwoyears.Atonepoint,Wheatleywasreadytogiveup.“Ireallydidnotthinkthatlifewasworthlivingatthattime，”she7.Neartheendofherrecovery,WheatleyendedupinanintensivecareunitinColorado.8bythemountainviewfromherhospitalbed,she9agoal：toruntrailsonmountainsallaroundtheworldwithonly30%ofhervision—achallengetoher10bodyandthereturntoindependencethatshe11.Wheatleyspentovertwoyearsinhospitalbeds,tryingto12herstrength,butshesoughthertrue13innature.Now,nearly3yearsintothisadventure,shehasrunmountaintrailsacrosstheSwissandFrenchAlps,theHimalayas,ColoradoRockiesandsoon.When14howshecouldpossiblygofromherlowestlowtoclimbingtheworld'shighestmountains,Wheatleysaid,“Notrail,15howsteepoftheclimb,couldchallengememorefiercelythanmyTBIandso,Imappedoutajourneyaroundtheglobetorediscovermyself.”1．A．chest B．waistC．head D．back2．A．contributed B．adaptedC．attended D．responded3．A．recovery B．lossC．ability D．system4．A．miserable B．gentleC．severe D．cheerful5．A．satisfaction B．emergencyC．confusion D．despair6．A．campaign B．journeyC．operation D．training7．A．confirmed B．recalledC．regretted D．whispered8．A．Inspired B．MovedC．Accompanied D．Persuaded9．A．assessed B．achievedC．changed D．formed10．A．tired B．slimC．broken D．awkward11．A．won B．avoidedC．desired D．encountered12．A．regain B．testC．consume D．show13．A．problem B．dreamC．opportunity D．healing14．A．criticized B．informedC．requested D．asked15．A．regardlessof B．apartfromC．withregardto D．ratherthan【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了竞技自行车手兼跑步选手吉尔·惠特利在一次上课期间意外被棒球击中头部，导致严重脑损伤和70%的视力丧失，但她没有放弃，在经历两年的治疗与恢复后，她凭借仅30%的视力挑战世界各地的山径跑步，重新发现了自我。1．C根据后文“toatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury(TBI)”可知，吉尔·惠特利头部受伤。2．A根据“toatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury(TBI)anda70%vision”可知，撞击的严重程度导致吉尔·惠特利脑损伤和视力丧失。3．B根据“includingpermanentblindnessinoneeye”可知，吉尔·惠特利视力丧失。4．C根据“Shewasleftwithabsenceofdepthsense”及常识可知，对于运动员来说失去深度感是严重的打击。5．D根据上文“a4blowtoanathlete”及后文“Atonepoint,Wheatleywasreadytogiveup.”可知，除了身体上的创伤，这次意外也给吉尔带来了心理上的打击，让她陷入绝望。6．B根据“throughsevendifferenthospitalsthatlastedovertwoyears”可知，吉尔经历了漫长的治疗之旅。7．B根据上文“Atonepoint,Wheatleywasreadytogiveup.”可知，这是吉尔在事后回忆起自己当时的想法。8．A根据“agoal：toruntrailsonmountainsallaroundtheworldwithonly30%ofhervision”可知，吉尔被病房外的山景所启发。9．D根据“agoal：toruntrailsonmountainsallaroundtheworldwithonly30%ofhervision”可知，吉尔定下了目标。10．C根据上文“includingpermanentblindnessinoneeye”及“withonly30%ofhervision”可知，吉尔视力严重受损，身体残破。11．C根据“achallengetoher10bodyandthereturntoindependence”可知，对于吉尔来说，这个目标既是挑战也是她渴望的独立回归。12．A根据上文“Wheatleyspentovertwoyearsinhospitalbeds”以及“herstrength”可知，吉尔在医院卧床两年，试图恢复体力。13．D根据“but”可知，前后句为转折关系，吉尔虽然在医院卧床试图恢复体力，但她认为真正的治愈在大自然中而不在医院中。14．D根据“howshecouldpossiblygofromherlowestlowtoclimbingtheworld'shighestmountains”可知，此处指当被问及如何克服困难攀上高峰时，吉尔讲述了自己的经历。15．A根据“couldchallengememorefiercelythanmyTBI”可知，吉尔认为不管山路多么陡峭，对她来说都没有脑损伤更有挑战性。B(2025·广东省湛江市高三二模)Inthefallof2008,20-year-oldCaraBethRogerswastakingpartinastudyabroadprograminRabatMorocco.Thatdayshe1acallfromherparentsthatheryoungerbrother,Luke,whowas15monthsapartfromher,haddiedinaboatingaccident.Hispassingrockedhertohercore.Rogersneededtogetbacktoher2ofSeattle.Thenextdaywasablur(模糊的记忆)ofbookingairlineticketsand3herbags.Soonshefoundherselfonthe4,aloneforthefirsttimesinceshegotthenews.Shefounditwasimpossibleforhertositstill.Shecouldn'tstop5becausethestrengthoftheemotionswassointense.Shewassurroundedbyother6.Butsittingthereintheaisle(过道)seat,Rogersfelt7.Then,partwaythroughtheflight,amancrouched(蹲)intheaislenexttoherseat.Hemadedirecteye8withherandbegantospeak9andslowly.“Iknowyoudon'tknowme,andIdon'tknowwhat's10foryou.ButIwantyoutoknowthatifyouneedanything,I'mhere，”saidtheman.After11theman,Rogerswatchedhimgobacktohisseat.Theydidn't12again,buthisreachingouttohermadetherestoftheflightalittlemore13.“Beingonaplanewithsomeonewhocan14meandknowwhatIneed,evenifhedoesn'tknowme,isanincredible15.Iwillalwaysbegratefultohim，”Rogerssaid.1．A．missed B．madeC．received D．expected2．A．company B．hometownC．hotel D．office3．A．emptying B．collectingC．losing D．packing4．A．plane B．trainC．bus D．ship5．A．thinking B．movingC．sleeping D．talking6．A．relatives B．friendsC．passengers D．locals7．A．lonely B．angryC．shy D．strong8．A．level B．examC．roll D．contact9．A．loudly B．softlyC．wildly D．roughly10．A．gettingover B．comingtoC．goingon D．settingin11．A．thanking B．knowingC．hugging D．touching12．A．work B．discussC．quarrel D．interact13．A．enjoyable B．bearableC．believable D．terrible14．A．judge B．tellC．notice D．monitor15．A．experience B．energyC．impression D．concept【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了CaraBethRogers在得知弟弟意外去世后，独自乘坐飞机返回西雅图时，一位陌生男士的善意举动给予了她安慰和支持的故事。1．C根据“acallfromherparents”可知，她接到父母的电话，得知弟弟去世的消息。2．B根据上文“Inthefallof2008,20-year-oldCaraBethRogerswastakingpartinastudyabroadprograminRabatMorocco.”可知，她当时在摩洛哥的拉巴特参加一个留学项目，得知弟弟去世的消息她需要回到家乡西雅图。3．D根据上文“Rogersneededtogetbacktoher2ofSeattle.”以及“herbags”可知，她忙着收拾行李回家乡。4．A根据上文“ablur(模糊的记忆)ofbookingairlinetickets”可知，她坐在飞机上。5．B根据上文“Shefounditwasimpossibleforhertositstill.”可知，因为悲痛，她发现她不可能坐着不动，即她无法停止移动。6．C根据上文“Soonshefoundherselfonthe”可知，她坐在飞机上，周围都是其他乘客。7．A根据上文“Shewassurroundedbyother”和表示转折的But可知，虽然周围很多乘客，但她感到孤独。8．D根据“Hemadedirecteye”可知，他直视着她的眼睛，makeeyecontact是固定短语，意为“眼神交流”。9．B根据“andslowly”可知，他轻声而缓慢地说话。10．C根据“ButIwantyoutoknowthatifyouneedanything,I'mhere”可知，他虽然不知道她发生了什么事，可是想帮助她。11．A根据“ButIwantyoutoknowthatifyouneedanything,I'mhere”可知，作为陌生人对她表示关心，她自然会表示感谢。12．D根据上文“Iknowyoudon'tknowme,andIdon'tknowwhat's”和but可知，说完这些话以后，他们没有再交流。13．B根据“hisreachingouttohermadetherestoftheflightalittlemore”可知，他的帮助让她在接下来的飞行中稍微好受了一些。14．C根据上文“Iknowyoudon'tknowme,andIdon'tknowwhat's”可知，飞机上的人能注意到她并知道她需要什么。15．A根据“Beingonaplanewithsomeonewhocan14meandknowwhatIneed,evenifhedoesn'tknowme,isanincredible”可知，和飞机上能注意到她并知道她需要什么的人在一起，这是一种难以置信的经历。C(2025·江西省新余市高三一模)DebiBoiesisanursebyprofessionandananimalloverby1.Herpassionforanimalswas2fromanearlyage.WhenDebiwasakid,shewouldjustgorightuptoanyanimalshesaw,which3hermotheralot.Despiteherparents'fears,Debihadahappy4filledwithlovingpets.Manyyearslater,theadultDebiwas5todomorevoluntaryworkforanimalsbecauseofanaccidentofCarly.CarlyisadogthatDebiandherhusbandhaveraisedfromapup.Withacrestorunaroundandthecompanyoftwootherdogs,Carlyledacarefreelifeonthe6.ButonedayCarlywas7poisonedwhenshedrankrainwaterfromanot-quite-emptypesticidebucket8onthefarmnextdoor.Debipainfully9thatwithinhours,thedogwasfoamingatthemouth,slippingfastandnotexpectedto10thenight.“I11allnightwithher，”remembersDebi.“Shewaswrappedinblankets,butshewasstill12tothetouch.”ThedogneverstoppedlookingatDebidesperately.“Ikepttellingher,‘Youcandothis,girl.Youcan13itthrough.’”Afterwhatseemedacentury,Carlywasatlastsaved.“Thatsleeplessnightmademeawarethatanimalsareourcherishedfamily.Ican'tforgetmydog's14andherdependenceonmethatnight.Fromthenon,Ideterminedto15mytimewithanimalwelfareorganizationsafterwork，”saysDebiBoieswheninterviewed.1．A．chance B．natureC．mistake D．heart2．A．awkward B．delicateC．obvious D．magic3．A．worried B．shockedC．annoyed D．moved4．A．future B．dreamC．adventure D．childhood5．A．arranged B．guidedC．forced D．demanded6．A．farm B．marketC．plain D．island7．A．surprisingly B．intentionallyC．accidentally D．entirely8．A．gotaway B．workedoutC．putaway D．leftout9．A．recalls B．remindsC．reflects D．sighs10．A．challenge B．surviveC．experience D．enjoy11．A．wentout B．settleddownC．stayedup D．wanderedaround12．A．excited B．scaredC．calm D．cold13．A．see B．makeC．push D．run14．A．helplessness B．frustrationC．suspicion D．confusion15．A．commit B．occupyC．spend D．volunteer【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黛比·博伊斯从小热爱动物，在经历了自家狗狗卡莉意外中毒，自己整夜守护使其最终获救的事件后，深刻意识到动物是家人般的存在。1．B下文“Herpassionforanimalswas2fromanearlyage.”提到对动物的热爱，由此可推知，此处应表示黛比·博伊斯是一名天生的动物爱好者。2．C根据上文提到的黛比是一名天生的动物爱好者，以及“fromanearlyage”可知，她对动物的热爱从很小的时候就很明显。3．A下文“Despiteherparents'fears”提到父母很担心，由此可知，黛比看到什么动物都会走过去，这让她妈妈很担心。worry和fear是近义词复现。4．D根据句意以及“filledwithlovingpets”可知，黛比有一个快乐的童年，充满了可爱的宠物。5．B根据“domorevoluntaryworkforanimalsbecauseofanaccidentofCarly”可知，成年的黛比因为卡莉的一次事故被引导去做更多的动物志愿者工作。6．A根据下文“onthefarmnextdoor”可知，卡莉在农场过着无忧无虑的生活。farm为原词复现。7．C根据语境以及“whenshedrankrainwaterfromanot-quite-emptypesticidebucket”可知，卡莉意外中毒了，因为她喝了隔壁农场里一个还没空的农药桶里的雨水。8．D根据“anot-quite-emptypesticidebucket”以及“onthefarmnextdoor”可知，卡莉意外中毒了，因为她喝了隔壁农场里一个还没空的农药桶里的雨水。9．A根据句意以及“thatwithinhours,thedogwasfoamingatthemouth,slippingfastandnotexpectedto10thenight”可知，黛比痛苦地回忆狗的状况。10．B根据“thedogwasfoamingatthemouth,slippingfast”可知，狗口吐白沫，虚弱地很快，估计活不过那个晚上。11．C根据上文提到的这只狗估计活不过那个晚上可知，黛比整夜陪着她的狗。12．D根据“Shewaswrappedinblankets”提到用毯子裹着以及but转折可知，狗用毯子裹着，但摸起来还是很冷。13．B根据上文“Youcandothis,girl.”可知，黛比认为她的狗会挺过去的。14．A根据句意以及“herdependenceonmethatnight”可知，黛比无法忘记那天晚上狗狗的无助和对她的依赖。15．D根据上文“Debiwas5todomorevoluntaryworkforanimals”可知，黛比决定在工作之余志愿为动物福利组织服务。D(2025·东三省名校联盟高三高考最后一卷)Thereisastoryaboutawisekingwhotaughthispeopletobe1.Onenight,heplacedalargestoneinthemiddleofthemainstreet.Thenhehidbehindahugetreeand2.Firstcameafarmerwithhiscart(马车)heavily3withgrain.“Well,whoeversawsuchcarelessness！”hecomplained4,asheturnedhiscartanddrove5thestone.Soonafterward,ayoungsoldiercame.Hewasthinkingofthewonderful6hewouldshowinthewarwhenhecrashedintothestoneandfellontotheground.Risingtohisfeet,he7angrily.Afterawhile,awomanalso8thestoneandhurtherankle.9herselfup,shelimpedawayintears.Thekingwatchedalldaybutfoundnobodymakinga(n)10tomoveit.Justthen,ayounggirlcame.Thoughlookingverytired,shemanagedtomovethestoneawaywithgreateffort.Imagineher11whenshesawthegoldcoinsbeneaththestone.Thekingsteppedout.“Mydear,nowthegoldisyours,becauseyouaretheonlypersonwhohasgotthe12Iwantedtoteachmypeople.”Weoftenfind13andburdensinourway.Wemaycomplainwhilewewalkaroundthem,orwecan14themandfindoutwhattheymean.Disappointmentisusuallythepriceof15.1．A．industrious B．brilliantC．sensitive