Unit4AdversityandCourageUsingLanguage单词拓展课件-高中英语人教版选择性

UNIT4AdversityandCourage---UsingLanguage单词拓展1．roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的【副词】roughly粗略地；大约；粗暴地【动词】roughen变粗糙；使粗糙【短语】beroughonsb.对某人粗暴/苛刻treatsb./sthroughly粗暴地对待某人roughlyspeaking粗略地说汉译英：粗略地说，这次徒步旅行大约需要三天时间，而且山路崎岖不好走。Roughlyspeaking,thehikingtripwilltakeroughlythreedays,andthemountainroadsareroughtowalkon.2．navigatorn.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者【动词】navigate导航【名词】navigation导航Theexperiencednavigatorcannavigatetheshipatseaskillfully.3．loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的【短语】beloyalto对……忠诚aloyalfriend/supporter忠诚的朋友/支持者beloyalto.....忠诚于......loyaltyto/towards......对......忠诚【名词】loyalty忠诚；忠实【副词】loyally忠诚地；忠实地英译汉：Shehasalwaysbeenloyaltoherfamilyandherloyalfriendswillalwaysstandbyherside.Herloyaltytoherdreamsneverfades.她始终忠于自己的家人，她忠实的朋友会一直支持她。她对梦想的忠诚从未消逝。4．makefire生火【联想】onfire起火；着火putoutthefire灭火setfireto纵火烧……=setsthonfire纵火烧某物Catchfire着火Playwithfire玩火；冒险Whencampinginthewild,welearnedtomakefire,andwealsoknowthatwemustneverplaywithfireandputoutthefireatonceifitcatchesfire.汉译英：在野外露营时，我们学会了生火，同时也知道绝不能玩火，一旦起火要立刻灭火。5．giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)【拓展】giveaway分发；赠送；泄露giveback归还；使恢复；使重新获得givein屈服；让步；投降；呈交giveout分发；用完；耗尽giveup放弃givewayto...让...先行/在先；向...妥协；让步汉译英：这朵花会散发出淡淡的香味，别放弃培育它，也不要泄露它的养护秘诀。Thisflowerwillgiveoffafaintfragrance.Don’tgiveupraisingit,anddon’tgiveawaythesecretofitsmaintenance.6．commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献【动词】commit犯(错误、罪行等)；(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证【形容词】committed尽心尽力的；坚定的【短语】becommittedtodoingsth.致力于做某事makeacommitmenttosb./sth向某人/就某事做出承诺makeacommitmentthat......做出...的承诺makeacommitmenttodoingsth=makeacommitmenttodosth（to为不定式的符号）

做出承诺做某事Commitsb./oneselftodoingsth承诺/保证做某事Commitamistake/anerror犯错Becommittedtodoingsth致力于做某事汉译英：他承诺致力于环保事业，并且为这个承诺付出了毕生的奉献。Hemadeacommitmenttobeingcommittedtothecauseofenvironmentalprotection,andhedevotedhiswholelifetothiscommitment.7.完全倒装(1)当副词here,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等置于句首，谓语动词是come,go,rush,run,fly等，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装，这种情况下用一般现在时和一般过去式。

①门开了，一位白发老人走了进来。Incameanoldmanwithwhitehair.(2)Therebe/lie/stand/appear/remain...结构。②在小河边矗立着一座古老的石桥。Bythesmallriverstandsanancientstonebridge.(3)表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词，如：lie,stand,sit,exist等或者连系动词be,且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装。③地上躺着一只受伤的小鸟。Onthegroundliesawoundedbird.8.It(so)happensthat......碰巧...=Itchancesthat......Sb.happen(s)todosth某人碰巧做某事Sthhappen(s)tosb.某事发生在某人身上汉译英：碰巧我昨天在图书馆遇到了我的小学老师。英译汉：Itchancedthatshehadnomoneywithherwhenshewantedtobuythebook,andnothingserioushappenedtoheratlast.