高中英语传统文化考点素材：中国节日

一．春节SpringFestival

⑴Itfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth（阴历正月）.⑵Peoplefollowmanynationalandlocalcustoms.⑶Wepastespringpoems(贴春联)withluckwordsonthedoor.⑷Weeatdeliciousfoodwithsymbolicvalues（有象征意义的美味食品），forexample,chickenforgoodluck.⑸Weexchangegreetingswithfriendsandrelatives.⑹Peoplemaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.⑴阴历的正月初一是春节。⑵人们延续很多传统习俗。⑶我们在门上贴春联。⑷我们吃有象征意义的美味食品，比如鸡肉。⑸我们相互拜年问候。⑹人们给小孩压岁钱。

二．元宵节theLanternFestival

⑴Itcomesonthe15th

ofthefirstlunarmonth.⑵ItmarkstheendoftheSpringFestival.⑶Onthatday,peopleeatsweetdumplingsforgoodluck.⑷Specialactivitiesincludethedisplayoflanterns（灯笼）andriddlesolving（猜灯谜）.⑴元宵节在农历的正月十五。⑵它标志着春节的结束。⑶那一天，人们吃汤圆，以求吉祥如意。⑷有些特色的活动，比如观灯、猜灯谜。

⑴ItisalsocalledTomb-SweepingDay.ItcomesonApril4th

or5th

.⑵InChineseQingmingmeans“clearandbright”.⑶Itisadayforthelivingtoshowloveandrespecttodeadfrends,

relativesandancestors.⑷Peoplewillsweepthetombs,lightincense,putmeats,vegetables,wineinfrontofthetomb.⑸Besides,peopleburnpapermoneyforthedeadtouseinafterlife.⑴清明节也叫“扫墓节”，实在4月4日或5日。⑵在汉语中“清明”是“clearandbright”的意思。⑶那一天寄托了对死去的亲朋好友和祖先的感情和尊敬。⑷人们在墓前扫墓、点香烛、放上酒肉等。⑸除此之外，人们烧纸钱，供他们在死后使用。

三．端午节DragonBoatFestival

⑴Itisonthefifthofthefifthlunarmonth.⑵Ithonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.⑶Peoplegathertowatchthecolorful“DragonBoatRaces”(龙舟比赛).⑷Peopleeatricedumpingsonthatday.⑴端午节在农历五月初五。⑵端午节是为了纪念古代诗人——屈原。⑶人们聚在一起看龙舟比赛。⑷人们在那一天吃粽子。

TheDragonBoatFestivalisoneofthreemajorChineseholidays,alongwiththeSpringandMoonFestivals.Ofthethree,itispossiblytheoldest,datingbacktotheWarringStatesPeriodin227B.C.ThefestivalcommemoratesQuYuan,aministerintheserviceoftheChuEmperor.Despairingovercorruptionatcourt,Quthrewhimselfintoariver.Townspeoplejumpedintotheirboatsandtriedinvaintosavehim.Then,hopingtodistracthungryfishfromhisbody,thepeoplescatteredriceonthewater.端午节与春节和中秋节并列为中国三大节日。这三个节日中，它可能是最古老的一个，可以追溯到公元前227年的战国时代。这个节日是为了纪念楚国的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。Overtheyears,thestoryofQu’sdemisetransformedintothetraditionsofracingdragonboatsandeatingzongzi-akindofricewrappedinbambooleaves.多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。

端午节起源⑴In278BC,heheardthenewsthatQintroopshadfinallyconqueredChu’scapital,sohefinishedhislastpieceHuaiSha(EmbracingSand)andplungedhimselfintotheMiluoRiver,Claspinghisarmstoalargestone.thedayhappenedtobethe5thofthe5thmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Afterhisdeath,thepeopleofChucrowdedtothebankoftherivertopaytheirrespectstohim.Thefishemensailedtheirboatsupanddowntherivertolookforhisbody.Peoplethrewintothewaterzongzi（pyramid-shapedglutinousricedumplingswrappedinreadorbambooleaves）andeggstodivertpossiblefishorshrimpfromattackinghisbody.Anolddoctorpouredajugofrealgarwine(Chineseliquorseasonedwithrealgar)intothewater,hopingtoturnallaquaticbeastsdrunk.That’swhypeoplelaterfollowedthecustomssuchasdragonboatracing,eatingzongzianddrinkingrealgarwineonthatday.公元前278年，当他听到秦国军队已经攻破楚国国都的消息后，写完最后一篇诗篇《怀沙》后抱石投汩罗江自尽。这一天正是农历五月初五。他死后，楚国人民跑到河岸来悼念他，渔民们划船遍河寻找他的尸体。人们把粽子和鸡蛋投入水中防止鱼虾伤害他的身体。一位老郎中还把一壹雄黄洒倒入水中，希望能药晕昏蛟龙水兽。这就是后来人们为什么在这一天赛龙舟，吃粽子，喝雄黄酒。

⑵Dragonboatracingisanindispensablepartofthefestival,heldalloverthecountry.Asthegunisfired,peoplewillseeracersindragon-shapedpullingtheoarsharmoniouslyandhurriedly,accompaniedbyrapiddrums,speedingtowardtheirdestination.FolktalessaythegameoriginatesfromtheactivitiesofseekingQuYuan’sbody.赛龙舟是这个节日不可工缺的一部分。当发令枪打响后，人们就能看到坐在龙舟的赛手们在急促鼓点的伴随下齐心协力摇桨驶向他们的目的地。民间故事说这个赛事的起源是寻找屈原的尸体。⑶Zongziisanessentialfoodof

theDragonBoatFestival.ItissaidthatpeopleatethemintheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).Inearlytime,itwasonlyglutnousricedumplingswrappedinreedorotherplantleavesandtiedwithcoloredthread,butnowthefillingsaremorediversified,includingjujubeandbeanpaste,freshmeat,andhamandeggyolk,Iftimepermist,peoplewillsoakglutinousrice,washreedleavesandwrapupzongzithemselves.Otherwise,theywillgotoshopstobuywhateverstufftheywant.ThecustomofeatingzongziisnowpopularinNorthandSouthKorea,JapanandSoutheastAsiannations.粽子是端午的一种必备食品，所说人们在春秋时代就开始吃它（公元前770-476年）。最开始是，它只是用箬叶和彩线包起来的糯米。但是现在在填充物就很丰富了，有枣子和豆沙的，鲜肉的，还有火腿蛋黄的。如果时间允许，人们会自己泡糯米，洗箬叶，包粽子。一然他们变会到商店买来自己想吃的粽子。现在粽子的习俗已经风靡朝鲜、南韩、日本以及东南亚各国。

四．中秋节Mid-AutumnFestival⑴Itisonthe15th

oftheeighthlunarmonth.⑵Peoplegazeat（观赏）the“LadyintheMoon”(嫦娥),eatmooncakesforfamilyreunionandhappiness.⑴中秋节在农历的八月十五。⑵人们在那一天家人团圆，一起赏月、吃月饼。

中秋节起源⑴Folkloreabouttheoriginofthefestivalgolikethis:Inremoteantiquity,thereweretensunsrisinginthesky,whichscorchedallcropsanddrovepeopleintodirepoverty.AheronamedHouYiwasmuchworriedaboutthis,heascendedtothetopoftheKunlunMountainand,directinghissuperhumanstrengthtofullextent,drewhisextraordinarybowandshotdowntheninesuperfluoussunsoneafteranother.Healsoorderedthelastsuntoriseandsetaccordingtotime.Forthisreason,hewaspespectedandlovedbythepeopleandlotsofpeopleofidealsandintegritycametohimtolearnmartialartsfromhim.ApersonnamedPengMenglurkedinthem.相传，远古时候天上有10个太阳同时出现，晒得庄稼枯死，民不聊生，一个名叫后羿的英雄，力大无穷，他同情受苦的百姓，登上昆仑山顶，运足神力，拉开神弓，一气射下9个太阳，并严令最后一个太阳按时起落，为民造福。后羿因此受到了百姓的尊敬和爱戴，不少志士慕名前来投师学艺，心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。

⑵HouYihadabeautifullandkindheartedwifenamedChangE.onedayinhiswaytotheKunlunMountaintocallonfriends,heranupontheEmpressofHeavenWangmuwhowaspassingby.EmpressWangmupresentedtohimaparcelofelixir,bytakingwhich,itwassaid,onewouldascendimmediatelytoheavenandbecomeacelestialbeing.HouYi,however,hatedtopartwithhiswife.SohegavetheelixirtoChangEtotreasurerorthetimebeing.ChangEhidparcelinatreasureboxatherdressingtablewhen,unexpectedly,itwasseenbyPengMeng.后羿有一个美丽的妻子叫“嫦娥”，一天后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，便向王母娘娘求得一包一死药。所说，服下此药，即刻升天成仙。然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被小人蓬蒙看见了。

⑶OnedaywhenHouYiledhisdisciplestogohunting,PengMeng,swordinhand,rushedintotheinnerchamberandforcedChangEtohandovertheelixir,AwarethatshewasunabletldefeatPengMeng,ChangEmabeapromptdecisionatthatcriticalmoment.Sheturnedroundtoopenhertreasurebox,tookuptheelixirandswalloweditinonegulp.Assoonassheswallowedtheelixirherbodyfloatedofftheground,dashedoutofthewindowandflewtowardsheaven.PengMengescaped.一天，后羿众徒外出狩猎，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，危急之时她当机立断，转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下药，身子立刻飘离地面、冲出窗口，向天上飞去。蓬蒙便借机逃走了。

⑷WhenHouYireturnedhomeatdark,heknewfromthemaidservantswhathadhappenedOvercomewithgrief,HouYilookedupintothenightskyandcalledoutthenameorhisbelovedwifewhen,tohissurprise,hefoundthatthemoonwasespeciallyclearandbightandnoittherewasaswayingshadowthatwasexactlylikehiswife.Hetreidhisbesttochaseafterthemoon.Butasheran,themoonretreated;ashewithdrew,themooncameback.Hecouldnotgettothemoonatall.傍晚，率众徒回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿气得捶胸顿足，悲痛欲绝，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字，这时他惊奇发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。他拼命朝月亮追去，可是他追三步，月亮退三步。他退三步，月亮进三步，无论怎样也追不到跟前。

⑸Thinkingofhiswifedaynight,HouYithenhadanincensetablearrangedinthebackgardenthatChangEloved.PutingonthetablesweetmeatsandfreshfruitsChangEenjoyedmost,HouYiheldatadistanceamemorialceremonyforChangEwhowassentimentallyattachedtohiminthepalaceofthemoon.WhenpeopleheardofthestorythatChangEhadturnedintoacelestialbeing,theyarrangedtheincensetableinthemoonlightoneafteranotherandprayedkindheartedChangEforgoodforturneandpeace.Fromthenonthecustomofworshipingthemoonspreadamongthepeople.后羿无可奈何，又思念妻子，只好派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，纷纷在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。

⑹Peopleindifferentplacesfollowvariouscustoms,butallshowtheirloveandlongingforabetterlife.中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。

五．七夕节QiqiaoFestival（theChineseValentine’sDay）⑴ThegranddaughteroftheGoddessofHeavenvisitedtheearth.HernamewasZhinu,theweavinggirl.⑵WhileshewasonearthshemetherherdboyNiulangandtheyfellinlove.Theygotmarriedsecretly,andtheywereveryhappy.⑶WhentheGoddessofHeavenknewthathergranddaughterwasmarriedtoahuman,shebecameveryangryandmadetheweavinggirlreturntohe