定语从句（限制性定语从句） 解析版

定语从句（限制性定语从句）定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语关系副词：when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。Thisistheschool

where

Istudiedtenyearsago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句）Heboughtahouse,

whoseroof

waspaintedred.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句）作用1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。特殊限制只用that的情况(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,few,none等不定代词时。(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被all,only,very,no等限定词修饰时。(4)先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。(5)主句以who/which开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。(6)当先行词是theway在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者inwhich或者省略that。(7)【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。(8)【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。只用which的情况：(1)引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。(2)引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。(3)用于“介词+which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。(4)【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which,也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型一、单项选择（每题1份，共15分）1．Anyonewhoisaserveror____hasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwayscomefirst.A．whom B．what C．who D．which【答案】C【解析】句意：任何一个服务员或者曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客永远是第一位的。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是Anyone（任何人），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。2．—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeople_______helpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill.MissChen.A．which B．whom C．who D．whose【答案】C【解析】句意：——同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助和支持过你们的人。——我们会的，陈老师。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是people（人们），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。3．Shehasateenagergranddaughteraboutmyage________isreallykind.A．who B．which C．where D．/【答案】A【解析】句意：她有一个和我年纪相仿的孙女，这个女孩人非常好。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是granddaughter（孙女），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。4．—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthedictionary______youlentmelastweek.A．who B．what C．that D．when【答案】C【解析】句意：——你在找什么？——我在找你上周借给我的那本字典。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是dictionary（字典），指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，可用that/which引导定语从句，故选C。5．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheshowReadersonCCTV?—It’sagreatTVshow_______expressesourtruefeelingsbyreadingaloudinpublic.A．whom B．who C．whose D．that【答案】D【解析】句意：——你觉得中央电视台的《朗读者》这个节目怎么样？——这是一档通过当众朗读来抒发我们真情实感的优秀电视节目。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是TVshow（电视节目），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用that引导定语从句，故选D。6．—Whatkindofteachersdoyoulike,John?—Iliketheteachers_____arefriendlytous.A．which B．whose C．who【答案】C【解析】句意：——约翰，你喜欢什么样的老师？——我喜欢对我们友好的老师。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是teachers（老师），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。7．—IntheprogramTheSingerin2018,IlikeHuaChenyumost.—Yes.Heisthesinger_______wonthefirstprizeofHappyBoy’sVoicein2013.A．what B．which C．who【答案】C【解析】句意：——在2018年的《歌手》节目中，我最喜欢华晨宇。——是的。他就是那个在2013年获得《快乐男声》冠军的歌手。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是singer（歌手），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选C。8．—OnlyYouisaTVprogram_______ispopularwithmostyoungpeople.—Yes,itisdefinitelytrue.A．that B．whose C．what D．who【答案】A【解析】句意：——《只有你》是一档受大多数年轻人欢迎的电视节目。——是的，确实如此。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是TVprogram（电视节目），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用that引导定语从句，故选A。9．YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientist_______________isleadingaresearchtodevelop"searice".A．who B．whom C．which D．whose【答案】A【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位中国水稻科学家，他正主导一项研发“海水稻”的研究。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是scientist（科学家），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。10．Dannymetafamousastronaut________wasthefirstCanadianastronautinspace.A．which B．What C．whose D．who【答案】D【解析】句意：丹尼见到了一位著名的宇航员，他是进入太空的第一位加拿大宇航员。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是astronaut（宇航员），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选D。11．—IhearthatLucy’suncleisaworkerhere.—Yes.Look,theman________isworkingoverthereisheruncle.A．whom B．who C．what D．which【答案】B【解析】句意：——我听说露西的叔叔是这儿的一名工人。——是的，看，那边正在工作的那个男人就是她的叔叔。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是man（男人），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选B。12．—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay“IntheNameofPeople”(人民的名义)？—It’sthemostpopularplay______ourParty’stryingtostruggleagainstcorruption(反对腐败).A．whereshow B．whichshow C．thatshows D．whoshows【答案】C【解析】句意：——你看过《人民的名义》这部电视剧吗？——这是一部展现我们党全力反腐的最受欢迎的电视剧。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是play（戏剧、剧集），指物，且先行词被themostpopular（最高级）修饰，定语从句只能用that引导；从句主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式shows，故选C。13．Mygrandparentslikestories________havehappyendings.A．they B．who C．which D．/【答案】C【解析】句意：我的祖父母喜欢有圆满结局的故事。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是stories（故事），指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略，需用which引导定语从句，故选C。14．—Isthisthenewdictionary___yougotyesterday?—Yes.Nowit'sveryconvenientformetolookupwords.A．that B．why C．what【答案】A【解析】句意：——这是你昨天买到的那本新字典吗？——是的，现在我查单词非常方便。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是dictionary（字典），指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，需用that引导定语从句，故选A。15．That’stheboy_______wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.A．who B．which C．whom【答案】A【解析】句意：那个男孩就是昨天在比赛中获得一等奖的人。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是theboy（男孩），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故选A。二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）1．Thechampiontalkedalotaboutthingsandpeople_______helpedhimbecomeasuccessfulathlete.（用适当的词填空）【答案】that【解析】句意：这位冠军谈论了许多帮助他成为一名成功运动员的人和事。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词既有人people又有物things时，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。2．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_______wevisitedthreemonthsago?(用适当的词填空)【答案】that/which（不填也可）【解析】句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的那个养鸡场吗？考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是thechickenfarm，指物，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，可用that/which引导，作宾语的关系词也可省略，故填that/which。3．Shewasgratefulforeverything_______themedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.(用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】句意：她感激医护团队为她所做的一切。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是everything，属于不定代词，先行词为不定代词时，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。4．Itoffersaplace_______youcansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.（用适当的词填空）【答案】where【解析】句意：这里有一个可以让你坐下来歇歇酸痛双腿的地方。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是aplace，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，需用where引导定语从句，故填where。5．Butlikeallperformances,therearemoments_______thingsgowrong.(用适当的词填空)【答案】when【解析】句意：但是和所有的演出一样，总有一些出纰漏的时刻。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是moments，指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，需用when引导定语从句，故填when。6．Thedoctorexplainedthereason_______sleepingwithpetsallnightmaynotbegoodforyourhealth.（用适当的词填空）【答案】why【解析】句意：医生解释了整夜和宠物一起睡觉可能对你的健康不利的原因。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是thereason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，需用why引导定语从句，故填why。7．TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywall_______hassurvivedChina’slonghistory.（用适当的词填空）【答案】that【解析】句意：西安城墙是中国悠久历史中保存最完整的城墙。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是citywall，指物，且被最高级themostcomplete修饰，定语从句只能用that引导，故填that。8．Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthose_______didthework.（用适当的词填空）【答案】who【解析】句意：这份工作能让你珍惜自己赚到的钱，也能让你尊重那些做这份工作的人。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是those，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句，故填who。9．Thisisthebuilding_______windowswereallpaintedgreen.（用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】句意：这就是那栋窗户都被漆成绿色的大楼。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是thebuilding，关系词在从句中作windows的定语，表所属关系“……的”，需用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。10．Doyouknowtheman_______thelittlegirlisturningtoforhelp?（用适当的词填空）【答案】who/whom/that（不填也可）【解析】句意：你认识那个小女孩正在向其求助的男人吗？考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是theman，指人，关系词在从句中作turnto的宾语，可用who/whom/that引导，作宾语的关系词也可省略，故填who/whom/that。一、阅读理解AWinterbreakisaprettysolidtimeforhighschoolstudentstoprepareforupcomingcollegeapplications,especiallyifyou’reinyoursenioryear.Ifyou’relookingforprogramsthatrunduringthewinter,thislistisforyou!UCSanDiego’sAcademic(学业的)ConnectionsResearchScholars-BioengineeringTrackApplicationDeadline:RollingadmissionsProgramDates:Jan14-Mar4,2025Location:UCSanDiego,CAFee:$2,500Thisprogramoffershighschoolstudentsachancetostudybioengineeringinthreeparts:anintroductorylevel,researchlevel,andinternship(实习期)level.Duringtheinternship,studentsworkonaprojectfromplanningtolabworkandpresentation,earning3collegecreditsattheend.EnergyMagResearchInternshipApplicationDeadline:RollingProgramDates:OpenallyearroundLocation:OnlineFee:FreeEnergyMagoffersstudentsachancetoresearchrenewableenergy.Withmentorguidance,studentsstudyacompanyortechnology,gatherdata,andproduceareport.Awinterinternshipisalsoavailable(1-9months,8hoursperweek).UMBC’sPre-CollegeProgramApplicationDeadline:Dec20,2024ProgramDates:Jan2-Jan26,2025Location:UMBC,MDFee:$439-$6,426Highschoolstudentscanearncollegecreditsbytakingcoursesinbiology,economics,history,languages,andmore.Theprogramoffersin-person,online,andhybridoptions.Studentsneedschoolpermissionandstrongacademicperformance.GirlsGarage’sConstructionProgramApplicationDeadline:RollingdatesProgramDates:3weeksduringfall,winterandspringLocation:GirlsGarage,CAFee:FreeThisprogramteachesconstructionskills,includingcarpentry,welding,anddesign,throughreal-worldcommunityprojects.Itpromotesteamworkandencouragesstudentstothinkaboutfairnessandinclusion.1．WhatisthefocusoftheUCSanDiego’sBioengineeringTrack?A．Topreparestudentsforcollegeapplications.B．Toprovidecollegecreditsinavarietyofsubjects.C．Toteachbioengineeringthroughhands-onprojects.D．Toofferfreeresearchinternshipsinbioengineering.2．Whichprogramhasarequirementforstudents’academicstanding?A．UMBC’sPre-CollegeProgram.B．EnergyMagResearchInternship.C．GirlsGarage’sConstructionProgram.D．UCSanDiego’sBioengineeringTrack.3．WhatdoEnergyMagResearchInternshipandGirlsGarage’sConstructionProgramhaveincommon?A．Bothneedaparticipationfee.B．Botheducatestudentsaboutlifeskills.C．Botharespecificallydesignedforgirls.D．Bothacceptapplicationsonarollingbasis.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个适合高中生在寒假期间参加的大学预备项目。1．细节理解题。根据“UCSanDiego’sAcademic(学业的)ConnectionsResearchScholars-BioengineeringTrack”部分提到的“Thisprogramoffershighschoolstudentsachancetostudybioengineeringinthreeparts:anintroductorylevel,researchlevel,andinternship(实习期)level.Duringtheinternship,studentsworkonaprojectfromplanningtolabworkandpresentation,earning3collegecreditsattheend.(这个项目为高中生提供了学习生物工程的三个阶段的机会：入门级、研究级和实习级。在实习期间，学生们从规划到实验室工作再到展示，全程参与一个项目，并在项目结束时获得3个大学学分)”可知，这个项目是让学生通过参与实际项目来学习生物工程。故选C。2．细节理解题。由文中“UMBC’sPre-CollegeProgram”部分“Studentsneedschoolpermissionandstrongacademicperformance(学生需要得到学校的许可并具备出色的学业成绩)”可知，学生需要学校的许可和优异的学业成绩，说明UMBC的预科项目对学生的学业成绩有要求。故选A。3．细节理解题。由文中“EnergyMagResearchInternship”部分“ApplicationDeadline:Rolling(申请截止日期：滚动)”和“GirlsGarage’sConstructionProgram”部分“ApplicationDeadline:Rollingdates(申请截止日期：滚动日期)”可知，这两个项目的申请截止日期都是滚动进行的，说明两者都接受滚动申请。故选D。BInthesummerof2018,likeanytypicalhighschoolstudent,IwasspendingmysummerafternoonswatchingtonsandtonsofcinemaandTV.TherewasoneTVshowthatdrewmyattentionandIstillrememberitsname—LoveMe,IfYouDare.Thestorywassointeresting,andthesoundsoftheChineselanguagesointeresting,thatIfollowedupthatChineseshowwithmoreChineseshow.However,whatIdidn’trealizewasthatIhadunknowinglylearnedsomebasicpronunciationandmanywordsofChinese.In2020,ImadearesolutiontolearnChineseseriously.Isimplydidwhatmostothersdo—googledhowtolearnChinese,andstartedwatchingvideosthatteachChinesethroughvocabularyexercisesandgrammarrules.Butinamatterofweeks,Ibecamefrustrated.Iwasn’tlearninganything.ItwasduringthistimeoffrustrationthatIcameacrossDr.StephenKrashen’stheory(理论)onsecondlanguageacquisition—theprocessofimmersion(沉浸式学习),andspecificallyComprehensibleInput.ComprehensibleInputtotallychangedmywayoflearningChinese.Igaveuptheuselessvideosandtraditionalmethodsofstudy,andinsteadfocusedonunderstandableChinesecontent.Ialsousedgradedreadersandchildren’sshortstoriesaspartofmydailyChinese“studies.”Besides,Imadearuletospendtimeimmersingmyselfinthelanguageforatleast1-2hourseveryday.Recently,IwasexcitedtoseehowfarmyChineselanguagejourneyhadtakenme!Despitestillhavingalongwaytogotowardsfluency,Itakeprideinmydailyprogress.Forme,learningalanguageisanongoingadventure,filledwithsmallvictoriesandcontinuousgrowth.1．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinsharinghisexperienceinparagraph1?A．TointroduceeasywaystopickupChinese.B．ToexplainwhichpartofChinesehepreferred.C．TostresshisyearsofeffortsinlearningChinese.D．ToshowhowhedevelopedaninterestinChinese.2．Whatdoestheword“resolution”underlinedinparagraph2mean?A．Choice. B．Determination. C．Statement. D．Promise.3．WhatcanweinferaboutDr.StephenKrashen’stheory?A．Itencourageslearningthroughimmersionandunderstandablecontent.B．Itemphasizestheimportanceofgrammarrules.C．ItfocusesonlearningChinesethroughwatchingTVshows.D．Itsuggestslearningalotofdifficultwordsatonce.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriterfromthelastparagraph?A．HehasdevelopedgreatfluencyinChinese.B．HefeelsproudofhistalentfortheChineselanguage.C．HegetsasenseofachievementinlearningChinese.D．HehasdecidedtostoplearningChineseforawhile.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．C【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学习中文的经历。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TherewasoneTVshowthatdrewmyattentionandIstillrememberitsname—LoveMe,IfYouDare.Thestorywassointeresting,andthesoundsoftheChineselanguagesointeresting,thatIfollowedupthatChineseshowwithmoreChineseshow.However,whatIdidn’trealizewasthatIhadunknowinglylearnedsomebasicpronunciationandmanywordsofChinese.(有一个电视节目引起了我的注意，我仍然记得它的名字——两小无猜。这个故事很有趣，中文的声音也很有趣，所以我接着看了更多的中文节目。然而，我没有意识到的是，我在不知不觉中学会了一些基本的发音和许多汉语单词)”及下文作者学习中文的经历可知，文章第一段是为了说明他如何对中文产生兴趣的。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Isimplydidwhatmostothersdo—googledhowtolearnChinese,andstartedwatchingvideosthatteachChinesethroughvocabularyexercisesandgrammarrules.(我只是做了大多数人都会做的事情——在谷歌上搜索如何学习中文，然后开始观看通过词汇练习和语法规则教授汉语的视频)”及划线词后文“learnChineseseriously”可知，作者在2020年下决心认真学习中文，划线词与determination意思相近。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ItwasduringthistimeoffrustrationthatIcameacrossDr.StephenKrashen’stheory(理论)onsecondlanguageacquisition—theprocessofimmersion(沉浸式学习),andspecificallyComprehensibleInput.(正是在这段沮丧的时间里，我看到了斯蒂芬·克拉申博士关于第二语言习得的理论——沉浸的过程，特别是可理解输入)”及第三段“ComprehensibleInputtotallychangedmywayoflearningChinese.Igaveuptheuselessvideosandtraditionalmethodsofstudy,andinsteadfocusedonunderstandableChinesecontent.Ialsousedgradedreadersandchildren’sshortstoriesaspartofmydailyChinese“studies.”(可理解输入法完全改变了我学习中文的方式。我放弃了无用的视频和传统的学习方法，而是专注于可理解的中文内容。我还使用分级读物和儿童短篇故事作为我日常中文“学习”的一部分)”可知，斯蒂芬·克拉申博士的学习理论鼓励通过沉浸和可理解的内容来学习。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Recently,IwasexcitedtoseehowfarmyChineselanguagejourneyhadtakenme!Despitestillhavingalongwaytogotowardsfluency,Itakeprideinmydailyprogress.Forme,learningalanguageisanongoingadventure,filledwithsmallvictoriesandcontinuousgrowth.(最近，我很兴奋地看到我的中文之旅已经走了多远！尽管离流利还有很长的路要走，但我为自己每天的进步感到自豪。对我来说，学习一门语言是一场持续的冒险，充满了小小的胜利和持续的成长)”可知，作者从学习中文中获得了一种成就感。故选C。CManyofushavetopayfineswhenwereturnoverduelibrarymaterials.Evenworse,ifwelosethematerials,wemayhavetopaytoreplacethem.Whilewemaydislikethesepunishments,weshouldconsiderourselveslucky.Atleastoneearlylibrarythreatenedpeoplewithmuchharsherpunishments.Theworld’sfirstknownlibrarywithasystemoforganizationandcatalogedmaterialswasintheancientcityofNineveh,Assyria,nearwhatisnowMosel,Iraq.UnlikeEgyptians,whowroteonapapercalledpapyrus,Assyrianswrotemanuscripts(手稿)onclaytablets(泥板).Inthe1800s,archaeologists(考古学家)discoveredhugenumbersofthesemanuscriptsinNineveh’sruins.Scholarswereabletoreadthemandfoundnotesatthebottomofeachtabletthattoldwhohadownedthem.TheywerepartoftheprivatelibraryofKingAshurbanipal,whoruledAssyriafrom668BCto627BC．Unlikemanykingsofthattime,Ashurbanipalwasabletoreadandwrite.ScholarsbelievethatAshurbanipal’slibrarycontainedmorethan1,200titlesonthousandsoftablets.Manyhadbeentakenfromdefeatedenemiesduringwartime—acommonpracticeatthetime.Othershadbeencopiedfromearliertablets.Thelibrarycontaineddictionariesaswellastabletsonreligion,science,magic,andhistory.Italsocontainedliterature,suchastheEpicofGilgamesh,afamousstoryfromtheregion.Materialswereevenorganizedintodifferentrooms,muchliketoday’slibraries.Althoughthiswasaprivatelibrary,otherpeoplecoulduseit.However,unliketoday’slibrarybooks,materialsfromAshurbanipal’slibrarycontainedcurses(诅咒)threateningtheangerofthegodsagainstanyonestealingorwritingonthemanuscripts.Maybetoday’slibraryfinesreallyaren’tsobad.1．Whatcanweknowaboutmanuscriptsintheancientworld?A．Theybelongedtoreligiousleaders.B．Theywereusedasweapons.C．Theycontaineduselessinformation.D．Theywereconsideredvaluable.2．WhatcanyouinferaboutancientAssyriaaccordingtothetext?A．Itfoughtmanyneedlesswars.B．Itwasapowerfulkingdom.C．Itwasprimitiveandundeveloped.D．Itwasdisorganizedandlawless.3．WhichadjectivesbestdescribeKingAshurbanipal?A．Cruelandgreedy.B．Strictandselfless.C．Braveandgenerous.D．Intelligentandcultured.4．WhymightAssyria’smanuscriptshavesurvivedwhilethoseofancientEgyptdidnot?A．Ashurbanipal’slibrarywaswellprotected.B．Claydoesnotrot(腐烂)aseasilyaspaper.C．Ashurbanipalplacedacurseonthematerials.D．NoonewasinterestedinAssyria’smanuscripts.【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了古代亚述国王阿淑尔巴尼拔的私人图书馆及其手稿的相关情况。1．推理判断题。根据第四段中“ScholarsbelievethatAshurbanipal’slibrarycontainedmorethan1,200titlesonthousandsoftablets.Manyhadbeentakenfromdefeatedenemiesduringwartime—acommonpracticeatthetime.(学者们认为，阿淑尔巴尼拔的图书馆收藏了1200多部著作，写在数千块泥板上。其中许多是在战时从被打败的敌人手中夺来的——这在当时是一种常见的做法。)”可知，这些手稿在古代被认为是有价值的，才会被收藏和夺取。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“ScholarsbelievethatAshurbanipal’slibrarycontainedmorethan1,200titlesonthousandsoftablets.Manyhadbeentakenfromdefeatedenemiesduringwartime—acommonpracticeatthetime.(学者认为，亚述巴尼拔的图书馆藏有数千块泥板，包含1200多个书目。许多手稿是战时从战败敌人那里缴获的（这在当时很常见），另一些则是从早期泥板抄录而来。)”可推知，古代亚述是一个强大的王国，能够在战时从被打败的敌人手中夺取手稿。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Unlikemanykingsofthattime,Ashurbanipalwasabletoreadandwrite.(与当时的许多国王不同，阿淑尔巴尼拔能够读写。)”以及第四段中“ScholarsbelievethatAshurbanipal’slibrarycontainedmorethan1,200titlesonthousandsoftablets.(学者认为，亚述巴尼拔的图书馆藏有数千块泥板，包含1200多个书目。)”可知，他是有文化、有智慧的统治者。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“UnlikeEgyptians,whowroteonapapercalledpapyrus,Assyrianswrotemanuscripts(手稿)onclaytablets(泥板).(与在一种叫做纸莎草的纸上写字的埃及人不同，亚述人在泥板上写手稿。)”可知，埃及人在纸莎草纸上写字，而亚述人在泥板上写字，纸莎草纸容易腐烂，而泥板不易腐烂，所以亚述的手稿得以保存下来，而古埃及的手稿没有。故选B。二、完形填空Lastweek,notfarfromourcommunityinIowaCity,acatwasstuckinatreeforseveraldays.Itgotuptherebyitself.Itdoeshave1,anditwasperfectlyabletoclimbbackdownthewayitcame.Butsomehow,thecatdidn’t2this.Onewouldbeherotried3thetree,butthecatclimbedhigheroutofreachofits4.Anotherguytriedusingaladderto5thecat.Butagain,thecatclimbedevenhigher,thistime30feetuptothe6branchesthatcouldnotholdtheweightofaperson.Andinthewinter,withiceandsnowonthe7,itwasdownrightfoolhardy(十分鲁莽的).Nottomentionthefactthatthe8cathadalreadybittenonerescuer.IowaCitypoliceofficerTroyKelsayhadto9anymoresuchactsofbravery.Butsomethinghadtobedone.Later,acherrypickerwasrentedandthepoorcreaturewasbrought10backtoearth.Andallthisworryandexpenseandphysicaleffortwasfora11animal!Nobodyownedit.Allthesepeoplehadcometogethertorescuethecatfornootherreasonthanpure12.Idon’tknowifourcat,Shavi,climbsthebookcasebecauseshereallythinkssheisamountainlionorjustbecauseshe13tolookdownonhumans.ButIhateto14whatwouldhappenifsheevergotoutsideandtriedtoclimbatree.Butinacatfriendly15likeours,Iguessshe’dbeallright.1．A．eyes B．claws C．advantages D．problems2．A．prefer B．avoid C．forget D．know3．A．shaking B．climbing C．cutting D．approaching4．A．partner B．owner C．rescuer D．controller5．A．support B．amuse C．calm D．reach6．A．smaller B．greener C．older D．lower7．A．branches B．houses C．ladders D．roads8．A．clever B．brave C．escaped D．terrified9．A．appreciate B．forbid C．consider D．ignore10．A．hardly B．secretly C．strangely D．safely11．A．lovely B．homeless C．careful D．young12．A．kindness B．devotion C．curiosity D．generosity13．A．refuses B．struggles C．likes D．fails14．A．acknowledge B．explain C．remember D．imagine15．A．world B．village C．neighborhood D．family【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．C5．D6．A7．A8．D9．B10．D11．B12．A13．C14．D15．C【导语】本文为记叙文。文章通过讲述在爱荷华城社区附近发生的一起救猫事件，叙述了人们如何齐心协力救助一只困在树上的流浪猫的过程。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它确实有爪子，而且它完全能够沿着来时的路爬回去。A.eyes眼睛；B.claws爪子；C.advantages优势；D.problems问题。根据前文“Lastweek,notfarfromourcommunityinIowaCity,acatwasstuckinatreeforseveraldays.”可知，是一只猫被困在树上，而猫是有爪子的，能帮助它爬回去。故选B项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不知怎么的，猫并不知道这些。A.prefer更喜欢；B.avoid避免；C.forget忘记；D.know知道。根据前文“Lastweek,notfarfromourcommunityinIowaCity,acatwasstuckinatreeforseveraldays.”可知，猫被困好几天了，所以是不知怎么的，猫并不知道它完全能够沿着来时的路爬回去。故选D项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个想成为英雄的人试着爬上树，但猫爬得更高，救它的人够不着。A.shaking摇晃；B.climbing攀爬；C.cutting切割；D.approaching接近。根据后文“butthecatclimbedhigheroutofreachofits4.”可知，猫爬的太高了，够不着，所以是有人试着爬上树救猫。故选B项。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个想成为英雄的人试着爬上树，但猫爬得更高，救它的人够不着。A.partner伙伴；B.owner主人；C.rescuer救援者；D.controller控制者。根据前文“Onewouldbeherotried3thetree,”可知，有人想爬上树救它，所以是它的救援者。且下文“cathadalreadybittenonerescuer”也是提示。故选C项。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个人试图用梯子够到那只猫。A.support支持；B.amuse使高兴；C.calm平静；D.reach到达，够。根据前文“butthecatclimbedhigheroutofreach”可知，猫爬的太高了，所以有人试图用梯子够到那只猫。故选D项。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，猫又一次爬得更高了，这次爬到了30英尺高的小树枝上，这些树枝无法承受一个人的重量。A.smaller更小的；B.greener更绿的；C.older更老的；D.lower更低的。根据后文“couldnotholdtheweightofaperson”可知，树枝不能承受一个人的重量，所以应是爬到更小的树枝上。故选A项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，树枝上结满了冰和雪，这是非常鲁莽的。A.branches树枝；B.houses房子；C.ladders梯子；D.roads道路。根据上文“Butagain,thecatclimbedevenhigher,thistime30feetuptothe6branchesthatcouldnotholdtheweightofaperson.”可知，猫爬到更小的树枝上，且树枝上结满了冰和雪。故选A项。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更不用说这只受惊的猫已经咬了一位救援人员。A.clever聪明的；B.brave勇敢的；C.escaped逃脱的；D.terrified害怕的。根据后文“hadalreadybittenonerescuer”可知，猫咬了人，所以应是害怕的。故选D项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱荷华市警官TroyKelsay不得不禁止这种勇敢的行为。A.appreciate欣赏；B.forbid禁止；C.consider考虑；D.ignore忽略。根据前文内容可知，猫爬到更小的树枝上，树枝上结满了冰和雪，且猫还受惊了，所以继续救援是非常危险的，所以警官不得不禁止这种勇敢的行为。故选B项。10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，人们租了一辆采摘樱桃的车，把这只可怜的动物安全带回了地面。A.hardly几乎不；B.secretly秘密地；C.strangely奇怪地；D.safely安全地。根据前文“Later,acherrypickerwasrented”可知，最后人们租了一辆采摘樱桃的车，是为了安全地把猫带回地面。故选D项。11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些担心、花费和体力劳动都是为了一只无家可归的动物！A.lovely可爱的；B.homeless无家可归的；C.careful小心的；D.young年轻的。根据后文“Nobodyownedit.”可知，小猫没有主人，所以是一只无家可归的动物。故选B项。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些人聚在一起拯救这只猫，纯粹是出于善意。A.kindness善良；B.devotion奉献；C.curiosity好奇心；D.generosity慷慨。根据前文“Nobodyownedit.”可知，小猫没有主人，所以救它不会得到感谢，纯粹是出于善意。故选A项。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我们的猫沙维（Shavi）爬上书架是因为她真的觉得自己是一只美洲狮，还是仅仅因为她喜欢俯视人类。A.refuses拒绝；B.struggles挣扎；C.likes喜欢；D.fails失败。根据后文“tolookdownonhumans”结合选项可知，应是“她喜欢俯视人类”之意，符合语境。故选C项。14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我不愿想象如果她出去爬上一棵树会发生什么。A.acknowledge承认；B.explain解释；C.remember记住；D.imagine想象。根据后文“whatwouldhappenifsheevergotoutsideandtriedtoclimbatree.”结合选项可知，应是“不愿想象如果她出去爬上一棵树会发生什么”之意。故选D项。15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我们这样一个对猫友好的社区里，我想她会没事的。A.world世界；B.village村庄；C.neighborhood社区；D.family家庭。根据前文“Lastweek,notfarfromourcommunityinIowaCity,acatwasstuckinatreeforseveraldays.”可知，作者在一个爱猫的社区。故选C项。一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Oneday,Iwenttotheparkwithmyyoungersister.Aswewalkedaround,wenoticedagroupofchildrenplayingsoccer1(energetic).Theywerehavingsomuchfunthatwestoppedtowatchthem.Amongthechildren,therewasalittleboy2seemedabityoungerthantheothers.Hewashavingtroublecontrollingtheball,buthedidn’tgiveup.Everytimehemissedtheball,hewouldrunafterit3(quick)andtryagain.Mysisterwassoamusedbyhisdetermination4shewantedtotakeapictureofhim.Asshegothercameraready,thelittleboyhappenedtoscoreagoal.Hisfacelitup5(bright)withjoyandhejumpedupanddownexcitedly.Wecouldn’thelp6(clap)forhim.Atthatmoment,Irealizedhowimportantitwastonevergiveup.Nomatterhowdifficultthingsseem,ifwekeeptrying,wecanachieveourgoals.Later,wewalkedovertoalakeinthepark.Thewaterwascalmandclear,reflectingthebluesky7thesurroundingtrees.Itwassuchabeautifulsightthatwesatdownonabench8(enjoy)theview.Whileweweresittingthere,abirdflewdownandlandedonthebenchnexttous.Itwasasmallsparrow.Itlookedatus9(curious),asifitwaswonderingwhatweweredoing.Wejustsmiledatitanddidn’tmove,afraidthatwewouldscareitaway.Afterawhile,thesparrowflewaway.Wewatchedituntilitdisappeared10thesky.Thenwegotupandcontinuedourwalk,feelinghappyandpeaceful.【答案】1．energetically2．who/that3．quickly4．that5．brightly6．clapping7．and8．toenjoy9．curiously10．into【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者与妹妹在公园看到一群孩子坚持踢足球，还欣赏了湖景、偶遇小鸟，从中领悟到坚持的重要性与自然之美。1．考查副词。句意：当我们四处走动时，我们注意到一群孩子在精力充沛地踢足球。此处需要用副词energetically修饰动词playing，表示“精力充沛地”。故填energetically。2．考查定语从句。句意：在这些孩子中，有一个小男孩看起来比其他孩子稍微小一点。分析句子可知，“___seemedabityoungerthantheothers”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词alittleboy，，为人，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。3．考查副词。句意：每次他没踢到球，他都会迅速跑去追球，然后再试一次。这里用副词quickly修饰动词run，表示“快速地”。故填quickly。4．考查状语从句。句意：我妹妹被他的决心逗乐了，以至于她想给他拍张照片。这里考查“so...that...”，是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。5．考查副词。句意：他的脸因喜悦而容光焕发，兴奋地跳了起来。此处用副词brightly修饰动词litup，表示“明亮地”。故填brightly。6．考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住为他鼓掌。这里考查can’thelpdoingsth.，是固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”，符合句意。故填clapping。7．考查连词。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映着蓝天和周围的树木。thebluesky和thesurroundingtrees是并列关系，所以应用并列连词and。故填and。8．考查非谓语。句意：这景色太美了，我们坐在长椅上欣赏风景。“___(enjoy)theview”是目的状语，用动词不定式表示目的。故填toenjoy。9．考查副词。句意：它好奇地看着我们，好像在想我们在做什么。这里用副词curiously修饰动词lookedat，表示“好奇地”。故填curiously。10．考查介词。句意：我们看着它，直到它消失在天空中。分析句子可知，这里考查disappearinto是固定搭配，意为“消失在……中”。故填into。读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文Aliandhisyoungersister,Zahra,livedwiththeirparentsinapoorneighborhood.Theirmotherwasverysickandtheirfatherwasstrugglingtofindajob,andtheyhadonlyalittlemoneywithwhichtobuyfood.Astheyhadnotpaidtherentforseveralmonths,thelandlordwasbreathingdowntheirnecks(催促).Oneday,AlitookZahra’sshoestoashoerepairmantobefixed,buthelostthemonthewayho