翻译资格《英语笔译》2026年测试卷

翻译资格《英语笔译》2026年测试卷PartIVocabularyandGrammar(30points)Directions:ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.1.Thenegotiatorsfinallyreachedasettlementthatwas______tobothparties,althoughneithersideobtainedeverythingithadoriginallysought.A.amenableB.amiableC.amorphousD.ambient2.Thenewregulationwillcomeintoforceon1January2027,______allexistinglicencesissuedbeforethatdatewillremainvaliduntiltheirexpiry.A.providedthatB.lestC.whereasD.notwithstanding3.Thereportarguesthattheobserveddeclineinpollinatorpopulationsisnotmerelyanecologicalconcernbutalsoa______economicissue.A.pressingB.compressingC.depressingD.repressing4.Thetranslator’snoteinsquarebracketsisanexampleof______,astrategyusedtoclarifyculture-specificreferences.A.calqueB.explicitationC.modulationD.transposition5.Thecourtheldthatthedefendant’ssilencecouldnotbeconstruedas______acceptanceoftheclaimant’sterms.A.tacitB.taciturnC.tactileD.tactical6.Thecommitteestressedthatany______ofresearchdatamustbeaccompaniedbyadetailedmethodologicalappendix.A.reiterationB.reallocationC.reinterpretationD.reimbursement7.Thetranslatordecidedto______themetaphor“tocarrycoalstoNewcastle”into“tosellicetoEskimos”soastopreservetheironicforce.A.transposeB.transcreateC.transliterateD.transcribe8.Theneweditionofthedictionaryhas______manyneologismsthatemergedduringthepandemic.A.expungedB.espousedC.enshrinedD.encapsulated9.Thespeaker’sargumentwasunderminedbyaseriesof______assertionsthatcouldnotbesubstantiatedbyempiricalevidence.A.perfunctoryB.peremptoryC.peripheralD.perfidious10.Thecontractstipulatesthatanydisputeshallberesolvedbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththerulesofthe______ChamberofCommerce.A.incumbentB.itinerantC.arbitralD.municipal11.Thetranslator’schoiceof“grass-rootscadre”for“村官”reflectsaconsciousefforttoavoidthe______connotationsoftheliteral“villageofficial”.A.jingoisticB.feudalisticC.anachronisticD.exoticising12.Theresearcheradopteda______approach,combiningquantitativesurveyswithqualitativeinterviews.A.dichotomousB.diachronicC.dialogicD.mixed-methods13.Theappellatecourtfoundthatthetrialjudgehad______theplaintiff’srighttoafairhearingbyrefusingtoadmitmaterialevidence.A.abrogatedB.abridgedC.abjuredD.abducted14.Theterm“carbonneutrality”hasbeensofrequently______incorporatebrochuresthatitsoriginalenvironmentalurgencyisoftenlost.A.co-optedB.coercedC.corroboratedD.countermanded15.Thesimultaneousinterpretermustbealerttothespeaker’s______shiftsinregister,whichmaysignalironyorsarcasm.A.paralinguisticB.palimpsesticC.parasiticD.parabolic16.The2026WhitePaperproposesthatAI-generatedcontentshouldbe______astoitsnon-humanorigin.A.watermarkedB.trademarkedC.landmarkedD.benchmarked17.Thetranslator’sfootnote“literally‘oldhorseknowstheway’”isa______translationthatkeepsthesourceimageintact.A.domesticatedB.foreignisedC.naturalisedD.neutralised18.Theclause“timeisoftheessence”isinsertedtoensurethatanydelaywillbetreatedas______breach.A.cardinalB.constructiveC.materialD.punitive19.Theacademicreviewpanelcriticisedthemanuscriptforits______useoftechnicaljargon,whichrendereditinaccessibletonon-specialists.A.indiscriminateB.indisposedC.indisputableD.indissoluble20.Thebilingualcorpuswastaggedwith______informationtofacilitatecontrastiveanalysisofvoiceconstructions.A.morphosyntacticB.morphogeneticC.morphometricD.morphologicalPartIIErrorIdentification&Correction(20points)Directions:EachofthefollowingEnglishsentencescontainsONEerrorofgrammar,usageorappropriatenessfortranslationpurposes.IdentifytheerrorandwritethecorrectedversionontheAnswerSheet.Noexplanationisrequired.21.Thenumberofendangeredlanguagesaredecreasingatanalarmingrate.22.ThecourtorderedthecompanytopayacompensationofUSD3milliontotheplaintiffs.23.Thetranslatorrendered“扫黑除恶”as“SweepBlackandEliminateEvil”,whichisoverlyliteral.24.Neithertheministernorhisaideswasavailableforcomment.25.Thepolicyhasafar-reachingaffectonrural-urbanmigration.26.Theterm“commonprosperity”firstlyappearedinofficialdocumentsin2021.27.Thereportrecommendstostrengtheninternationalcooperationonclimategovernance.28.Theinterpretermisheard“15billion”as“50billion”,anerrorthatcouldhavebeenavoidedbytakingnotesinthefiguresystem.29.Thedictionarydefines“metaverse”as“avirtual-realityspaceinwhichuserscaninteractwithacomputer-generatedenvironmentandanotherusers”.30.Thecontractstatesthatalldisputesarising“therefrom”shallbesubmittedtotheSingaporeInternationalArbitrationCentre.PartIIICloze(20points)Directions:Fillineachblankwithonesuitableword.WritethewordontheAnswerSheet.Thenotionof“untranslatability”haslonghauntedtranslationstudies.Ratherthanviewingitasaninsurmountablebarrier,contemporarytheoristsprefertoconceptualiseitasaproductive______(31)thatcompelstranslatorstonegotiatebetweenlinguistic,culturalandideologicalconstraints.Inthis______(32),thetranslatorisnolongeramechanicalconduitbutanactivemediatorwhosevisibilityis______(33)bytheveryimpossibilityofaperfectmatch.Take,forexample,theChineseterm“江湖”.Itssemantic______(34)rangesfromtheliteral“riversandlakes”tothemetaphoricalrealmofmartial-artsbrotherhoodand,by______(35),anyextra-institutionalspacewhereunofficialrulesprevail.Adictionaryentrycanlistthesesenses,yetonlya______(36)translationcansignaltothetargetreaderthatthewordcarriesculturalsedimentaccumulatedovercenturies.Onestrategyis______(37)thetermintact,italicised,followedbyaconcisegloss.Thistechnique,knownas“minimalistforeignisation”,balancesintelligibilitywitha______(38)ofalterity.Criticsmayobjectthatsuchapracticeslowsdownthereadingprocess,butadvocatesarguethatthe______(39)offluencyispreciselywhatallowsthetargetculturetoexperiencelinguisticdifferencewithout______(40)it.PartIVReadingComprehension&Translation(30points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.ThentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.PassageTheriseofneuralmachinetranslation(NMT)haspromptedaradicalre-evaluationofthetranslator’srole.Whereasearlysystemsmerelysubstitutedlexicalitems,NMTgeneratesentiresentencesbypredictingsequencesprobabilistically.Thisshiftfromrule-basedtodata-drivenparadigmshastriggeredtwoopposingreactions:technophilicenthusiasmthatheraldsthe“endoftranslation”asahumanprofession,andtechnophobiclamentthatenvisionslinguistichomogenisationandculturalflattening.Bothnarratives,however,shareaflawedassumption:theyconflatetranslationwithtranscoding.Toregardtranslationasthetransferofstablemeaningfromonecodetoanotheristoignoretheirreduciblysituatednatureoflanguageuse.Context,intonation,intertextualechoesandideologicalpositioningarenotnoisetobefilteredoutbuttheveryfabricofsignification.Consequently,thepost-NMTtranslatorislessareplaceablescribethanacriticalcuratorwhodisentanglesalgorithmicoutputs,repairsideologicalbiasandre-contextualisesdiscoursefornewaudiences.Inthisemergentdivisionoflabour,humanexpertisemigratesfromsentenceproductiontoquality-as-sense-making,amovethatredefinesratherthanerasesthetranslator’sagency.41.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheclaimthatNMTwillmakehumantranslatorsobsolete?(Answerinnomorethan40Englishwords.)42.Identifyonemetaphorusedinthepassageandexplainitsrhetoricalfunction.(Answerinnomorethan30Englishwords.)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese:43.Context,intonation,intertextualechoesandideologicalpositioningarenotnoisetobefilteredoutbuttheveryfabricofsignification.44.Inthisemergentdivisionoflabour,humanexpertisemigratesfromsentenceproductiontoquality-as-sense-making,amovethatredefinesratherthanerasesthetranslator’sagency.PartVChinese-to-EnglishTranslation(50points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish.YourtranslationshouldreadlikeoriginalEnglishyetfaithfullyconveythemeaningofthesourcetext.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.材料一数字经济不是简单的“虚拟经济”，更不是“平台经济”的代名词，而是一种以数据资源为关键生产要素、以数字技术为核心驱动力、以现代信息网络为重要载体的新经济形态。它通过重构生产流程、优化资源配置、提升全要素生产率，推动传统产业实现质量变革、效率变革和动力变革。当前，中国数字经济规模已连续多年位居世界第二，但“大而不强”的问题依然突出：核心芯片、基础软件、工业软件等“卡脖子”环节仍然受制于人；数据要素市场化配置机制尚未健全；数字鸿沟在城乡、区域、群体之间呈现分化态势。面向未来，我们必须坚持创新驱动、夯实基础、深化开放，在关键领域实现高水平自立自强，让数字经济成为高质量发展的“新引擎”而非“新泡沫”。材料二“村超”——这个由贵州榕江县村民自发组织的乡村足球联赛，一夜之间火遍全网。没有明星球员，没有商业赞助，只有泥土跑道、手工绘制的广告牌和村民们山呼海啸般的呐喊。然而，正是这份原生态的“土味”狂欢，击中了都市人群对真实、松弛与集体归属感的渴望。赛事直播画面通过短视频平台裂变式传播，单场观看量迅速突破三亿次，带动当地旅游搜索量上涨近十倍。榕江县政府顺势而为，推出“足球+非遗”旅游线路：白天看比赛，晚上逛苗寨，游客们在鼓楼前听侗族大歌，在梯田上吃长桌宴。足球不再只是竞技，而成为乡土中国重新想象自身、连接外部世界的一枚“社交货币”。PartVIEnglish-to-ChineseTranslation(50points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbefaithful,idiomaticandstylisticallyappropriate.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.TextTheconceptof“slowscholarship”hasgainedtractionacrossthehumanitiesasacounterweighttotheaccelerativelogicofacademiccapitalism.Itadvocatesadeliberatedecelerationofresearchrhythms,insistingthatknowledgecreationisnotasprintbutacultivatedpatience.Ratherthancelebratingtherapid-firepublicationof“minimumpublishableunits”,slowscholarshipprivilegesdepthoverbreadth,reflectionoverreflex,andcommunityovercompetition.Crucially,itdoesnotromanticiseprecarity;instead,itcallsforstructuralreformsthatwouldrewardqualityratherthanquantity,andlong-termthinkingratherthanshort-termmetrics.Inthecontextoftranslationstudies,thisethostranslatesintoaninvitationtolingeroverthemicro-politicsofwordchoice,toresistthetyrannyofturnaroundtimesimposedbygigplatforms,andtoreclaimthetranslator’srighttouncertainty—todwellintheaporeticmomentswheresourceandtargetlanguagesrefusetoalign.Slowscholarshipthusreimaginesthetranslatornotasaninterchangeablenodeinasupplychainbutasasituatedthinkerwhoselabourisintegraltotheecologyofknowledge.PartVIITranslationCommentary(20points)Directions:ThefollowingChinesesentenceisfollowedbytwoEnglishrenderings(AandB).Writeanevaluativecommentary(150–200Englishwords)inwhichyoucomparethetwoversionsandjustifywhichoneyouwouldadoptforaUNreport,consideringregister,accuracy,andculturalappropriateness.原句中国坚持在发展中促进和保护人权，走出了一条符合国情的中国特色人权发展道路。A.Chinainsistsonpromotingandprotectinghumanrightsthroughdevelopment,andhasforgedahuman-rightspathwithChinesecharacteristicsthatsuitsitsnationalconditions.B.Chinaupholdsthepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsinthecourseofdevelopment,pioneeringanationallyappropriatepathofhumanrightswithdistinctiveChinesefeatures.AnswerSheet(Answers&Analysis)PartI1A2C3A4B5A6C7B8D9B10C11D12D13B14A15A16A17B18C19A20APartII21are→is22acompensation→compensation23“SweepBlackandEliminateEvil”→“CrackDownonGangCrime”(oranyacceptedfunctionalequivalent)24was→were25affect→effect26firstly→first27tostrengthen→strengthening28figure→number(or“digit-basednote-takingsystem”)29another→other30“therefrom”isarchaic;replacewith“underthiscontract”orsimplydeletethewordandlet“arising”coverthemeaning.PartIII31aporia32regard33heightened34spectrum35extension36foreignised37toleave38whiff39suspension40domesticatingPartIV41Theauthorrejectstheclaimasbasedonafalseequationoftranslationwithtranscoding;humanexpertiseremainsindispensableforsense-makingandideologicalcritique.42“criticalcurator”–themetaphorrecaststhetranslatorasamuseumprofessionalwhoselects,framesandrepairsexhibits,foregroundingactivediscernmentratherthanmechanicalreproduction.43语境、语调、互文回响以及意识形态立场并非需要过滤的噪音，而是意义生成之肌理本身。44在这一新兴的劳动分工中，人类专长从句子生产迁移至“以质询意义”的把关，此举并非消解而是重新定义了译者的能动性。PartVSampleTranslation(abridgedforspace;fullversionmeetswordcount)Material1Thedigitaleconomyisneitheramere“virtualeconomy”norasynonymfor“platformeconomy”;itisaneweconomicforminwhichdataresourcesserveasthekeyfactorofproduction,digitaltechnologyactsasthecoredriver,andmoderninformationnetworksconstitutetheprincipalcarrier.Byrestructuringproductionprocesses,optimisingresourceallocationandraisingtotal-factorproductivity,itpropelstraditionalindustriesthroughqualitative,efficiencyandmomentumtransformations.China’sdigitaleconomyhasrankedsecondworldwideforyearsintermsofscale,yettheproblemof“largebutnotstrong”remainsacute:corechips,basicsoftwareandindustrialsoftwarearestillcontrolledbyothers;market-basedallocationmechanismsfordataasafactorofproductionarenotyetmature;andthedigitaldivideiswideningacrossregions,urban-ruralareasandsocialgroups.Goingforward,wemustpersistininnovation-drivendevelopment,shoreupfoundationalcapabilities,deepenopening-upandachievehigh-levelself-relianceincriticalareas,sothatthedigitaleconomybecomesan“engine”ratherthana“bubble”ofhigh-qualitydevelopment.Material2The“VillageSuperLeague”–aruralfootballtournamentspontaneouslyorganisedbyresidentsofRongjiangCounty,Guizhou–wentviralovernight.Therearenostarplayers,nocorporatesponsors,onlyanearthenrunway,hand-paintedbillboardsandthunderouschantsfromthevillagers.Yetitispreciselythisunvarnished,soil-scentedcarnivalthattapsurbanites’yearningforauthenticity,relaxationandcommunalbelonging.Live-streamclipsspreadvirallyacrossshort-videoplatforms,withsingle-matchviewsexceeding300millionandlocaltourismsearchessurgingtenfold.Seizingthemoment,the